Matter defined: A. Can be : visible a microscope. B. Can be : visible a microscope. C. Can be : visible even with a light microscope

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1 Unit 2 Matter The universe consists of and. Chemistry is the branch of science the studies as well as the it undergoes and the that accompany such transformations. Matter defined: A. Can be : visible a microscope B. Can be : visible a microscope C. Can be : visible even with a light microscope (STM), developed in 1981, image and manipulate individual atoms within elements The matter studied by chemistry is submicroscopic. To understand submicroscopic matter, chemists. Volume defined: Mass defined: reflecting the amount of. It can also be defined as. The more mass in an object, the greater its. Mass is measured by an instrument called a, and the base unit is the ( ). Fill in the table to compare and contrast mass and weight. Mass Weight Writing Activity: Answer in complete sentences. The gravity on the Moon is 1/6 that on Earth. If a person weighs 120 pounds on earth, how much would she weigh on the Moon? How would her mass on the Moon compare to her mass on Earth? Unit 2: Matter Page 1

2 Classification of Matter Matter can be classified based on its or its. State of Matter A. are the physical forms by which matter is classified based upon the characteristics it exhibits. 1. Differences in state of matter are due to differences in the of the particles of matter. 2. There are states or phases of matter: (BEC): occurs close to and is characterized by almost no motion, meaning. All atoms merge into one, with electrons moving to one energy level and all atoms becoming one entity. : have kinetic energy and are held in position by. There are two types of solids: 1), and 2). : have more kinetic energy than and are characterized by shape, volume, and viscosity ( ). : have more kinetic energy than, allowing particles to flow and expand, giving them shape and volume o Vapor is defined as the gaseous state of matter from. : most common form of matter, ( ). Kinetic energy of plasmas is so high that electrons are stripped from their atoms, creating (negative charges) and (positive charges). As temperature decreases, the return to their usual places. Ordinary solids, liquids, and gases are. 3. Chemistry typically studies only three states because they tend to occur close to and are the three states generally. Unit 2: Matter Page 2

3 Increasing Energy SOLID LIQUID GAS Shape Volume Compressibility Packing Particle Movement Particle Order Particle Energy *IMF *IMF = 4. Phase changes occur as particles kinetic energy ( ) or kinetic energy ( ). Absorb energy: Release energy: Unit 2: Matter Page 3

4 Physical Properties Chemical Properties Two Types Extensive properties Examples: Intensive properties Examples: Examples The ability to or the to do these things Physical Changes Chemical Changes Examples The Law of Conservation of Mass Examples Unit 2: Matter Page 4 Indicators of Chemical Reaction

5 Classification of Matter Chart Unit 2: Matter Page 5

6 Composition of Matter A. Constant composition characterizes, whereas variable composition is characteristic of. B. A pure substance is matter with with. It is made of a single type or or. Therefore, a can be written. C. A mixture is a, which. The composition varies and. It is made of two or more types of or that are and consists of two parts: 1) : present in lesser amount, and 2) : present in greater amount. D. Pure substances can be further subdivided into and. 1. Elements are the and cannot be broken down into simpler substances through means. The known elements are found on the, organized by. Elements numbered through occur naturally, while those number greater then are. Elements contain only one type of, they each have one, and they are each represented by one. 2. Compounds are composed of two or more substances in. The chemical combination results in or. Compounds can be broken down by means, which require. Properties of compounds are from properties of. o Example: Unit 2: Matter Page 6

7 E. Mixtures can be divided into two types of mixtures: and. 1. Heterogeneous describes a mixture of two or more substances, existing in. Its components are (distinct) and separate into. They tend to be, and the particles over time. Heterogeneous mixtures are positive for the. The Tyndall effect is a phenomenon in which particles of mixture. o Positive: o Negative: Heterogeneous mixtures with particles are known as. The particles are usually visible and can be separated by. are heterogeneous mixtures with particles that are not completely and remain suspended, causing the mixture to appear. These particles cannot be and do not settle into. o Colloids are classified as or when one component is a gas, and,, or when only involving liquids and solids. 2. Homogeneous describes a mixture of two or more substances, existing in a. The composition is from one mixture to another but is within an individual mixture. Liquid homogeneous mixtures are but can be combinations of. o are solid in solid solutions (example: brass = copper + zinc). is a mixture of (nitrogen, oxygen, argon). Soft drinks are made of. Also known as. Unit 2: Matter Page 7

8 o Consist of (substance that dissolves) and a (dissolving agent present in greater amount). is the universal solvent, forming solutions. o Homogeneous mixtures are made of multiple substances that appear because particles are so and are mixed uniformly. o Components are indistinguishable and do not separate into. Solutions cannot be separated by or due to small particle size. Separation of Mixtures A. Separation techniques are. B. Separation Techniques 1. basically means to separate by hand. It involves using tools, such as tweezers or a magnet, to remove and separate components of a suspension. 2. uses a porous barrier to separate solids from liquids and is also used with suspensions. For example, can be used with a to separate sand from water. 3. is based on the difference in boiling points of substances and is used to separate components of and. For example, when boiling salt water, the water will boil first, leaving the salt. 4. results in the formation of pure solid particles of a solute from a solution. For example, when making, sugar forms solid crystals as liquid evaporates. 5. separates components of solutions based on the tendency of components of a mixture to travel across the surface of another material, such as moving across filter paper. 6. allows a liquid to be separated quickly from a heavier solid and is used with suspensions. 7. uses centripetal force to cause denser substances from a mixture to separate along the bottom while lighter substances move to the top. Unit 2: Matter Page 8

models (three-dimensional representation containing essential structure of

models (three-dimensional representation containing essential structure of Unit 2 Matter The universe consists of matter and energy. Chemistry is the branch of science the studies matter as well as the changes it undergoes and the energy changes that accompany such transformations.