Review # 3 Matter. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 1

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1 Review # 3 Matter Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 1

2 What are the three states of matter? 1. solid, liquid, and gas 2. solid, liquid, and plasma 3. solid, glass, and compounds 4. compounds, elements, and gases Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 2

3 ANSWER Choice #1 provides the correct answer. The three physical states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 3

4 Which state of matter has a definite volume but no specific shape? 1. solid 2. liquid 3. gas 4. plasma Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 4

5 ANSWER Choice #2 is the correct answer. Liquids have a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 5

6 When a sample of mercury at room temperature and pressure is heated and boiled to dryness it changes state from a 1. solid to a liquid 2. liquid to a gas 3. solid to a gas 4. gas to a liquid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 6

7 ANSWER Choice #2 provides the correct description of the change in state. At room temperature mercury is a liquid metal and when it boils, it goes into the gaseous state. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 7

8 How many of the following are examples of physical properties? Ethyl alcohol boiling at 78 C Hardness of a diamond Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 8

9 ANSWER Choice # 2 is the correct response. Ethyl alcohol boiling at 78 C is a physical property. Boiling point is associated with a phase change. It describes an inherent characteristic of alcohol. Hardness of a diamond is a physical property. It describes an inherent characteristic of diamond hardness. Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol is a chemical property. It describes the behavior of sugar forming a new substance (ethyl alcohol) through a chemical reaction. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 9

10 In order to break down water into its constituent elements, water would have to undergo 1. distillation 2. fusion 3. chemical change 4. physical change Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 10

11 ANSWER Choice # 3 is the correct response. Water is a compound and must undergo a chemical change (reaction) in order to form its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 11

12 How many of the following are examples of a chemical change? Pulverizing (crushing) rock salt Burning of wood Dissolving of sugar in water Melting a popsicle on a warm summer day Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 12

13 ANSWER Choice # 1 is the correct answer. Burning of wood is a chemical reaction. It reacts with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 13

14 The electrolysis of water, where an electric current is passed through water to form hydrogen and oxygen gases, is a 1. physical change because hydrogen and oxygen are what compose water. 2. physical change because water is merely turning into a gas. 3. chemical change because bubbles are observed. 4. chemical change because hydrogen and oxygen gases are chemically different than water. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 14

15 ANSWER Choice # 4 is the correct answer. New substances are being created due to the chemical reaction. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 15

16 Which of the following processes is a chemical change? 1. Dry ice sublimes when left on the table in lab. 2. The light on a candle burns until a bell jar is placed over it for a period of time. 3. When a few drops of red food coloring are added to a beaker of hot water, the water immediately turns red. 4. Liquid nitrogen dumped onto the floor vaporizes at room temperature. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 16

17 ANSWER Choice # 2 is the correct answer. The candle burning is a chemical reaction (the wick is reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water). After the bell jar is placed over the lit candle, the reaction stops when the oxygen inside the jar is all used up. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 17

18 How many of the following are compounds? N 2 O 4, NaOH, MnO 2, HF Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 18

19 ANSWER Choice # 4 is the correct answer. All of the substances are compounds. Compounds always contain atoms of different elements.. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 19

20 A mixture has a composition, whereas a compound always has a composition. 1. pure; complex 2. complex; pure 3. constant; variable 4. variable; constant Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 20

21 ANSWER Choice #4 is correct. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can be mixed in any proportions, but water is always 88 % oxygen and 12 % hydrogen by mass. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 21

22 The brass in what might be a favorite candlestick is classified as a(n) 1. pure substance 2. element 3. heterogeneous mixture 4. homogeneous mixture Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 22

23 ANSWER Choice #4 is the correct answer. Brass is a homogeneous mixture of copper and zinc. It is not a pure substance because it can be broken down into its constituent elements by physical means. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 23

24 Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? 1. Gasoline 2. Pure water 3. Jar of jelly beans 4. Copper metal Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 24

25 ANSWER Choice #1 is a homogeneous mixture. Gasoline is a solution. A jar of jelly beans is a heterogeneous mixture. Pure water is a pure substance (a compound). Copper metal is also a pure substance (an element). A mixture consists of two or more pure substances. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 25

26 Which of the following best describes the substance XeF 4? I. Element II. Molecule III. Compound IV. Heterogeneous mixture V. Homogeneous mixture 1. III only 2. I, II, III, IV 3. II, III, V 4. II, III Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 26

27 ANSWER Choice #4 is the correct answer. A molecule consists of more than one atom bonded together. A compound consists of different elements. A mixture consists of at least two or more pure substances. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 27

28 To separate a sand-saltwater mixture into pure substances one would have to employ 1. electrolysis 2. filtration 3. distillation 4. filtration followed by distillation Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 28

29 ANSWER Choice #4 correctly supplies the procedure, as shown below. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 29

30 Pure substances consist of either 1. elements or compounds 2. elements or mixtures 3. elements or solutions 4. elements or energy Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 30

31 ANSWER Choice #1 is correct, as shown in the figure here: Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 31

32 If one were to remove all the pollutants, air would be classified as a(n) 1. pure substance 2. compound 3. element 4. solution Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 32

33 ANSWER Choice #4 is the correct answer because even pure air is a complex mixture of many gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and others. Because it is a homogeneous mixture, it is a solution. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 33

34 Congratulations you have finished review #3 Please stop by during academy if you need help with any of the questions presented in this review. Please click on the following link and send me an telling me that you completed this review. Be sure to indicate Review # 3 in your . Thank you. Mrs. Baldessari's Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 34