8/9/15 UNIT 2: MATTER LESSON 1: TYPES OF MATTER MATTER OBJECTIVE: BY THE END OF THIS VIDEO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

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1 UNIT 2: MATTER OBJECTIVE: BY THE END OF THIS VIDEO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: LESSON 1: TYPES OF MATTER ü Differentiate between compounds, mixtures and elements ü Determine if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous ü Identify the number of atoms and molecules in a substance based upon the chemical formula MATTER THINGS THAT ARE NOT MATTER. Is anything that: 1. Has mass 2. Takes up space (volume) Light Heat Sound 1

2 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES yes MATTER Can it be physically separated? no Definite composition (each substance has exactly the same composition) Definite properties yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) MIXTURE Is the composition uniform? no yes PURE SUBSTANCE Can it be chemically decomposed? Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element no Are made of: - one type of atom: element - Ex: iron, gold, oxygen - 2 or more types of atoms: compound - Ex: salt, sugar, water ELEMENTS Substances that CANNOT be broken down Made up of all the same ATOMS. Elements symbols: - 1 le@er capitalized - If second le@er always lower case Examples of elements: H, N, Pb MONATOMIC ELEMENTS Composed of single atoms not bonded to each other Ex. Sodium (Na) DIATOMIC ELEMENTS 2 of the same elements bonded together Ex. H 2 DIATOMIC ELEMENTS Elements that exist as diatomic molecules You need to memorize these: Br I N Cl HOF Bromine (Br 2 ) Hydrogen (H 2 ) Iodine (I 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Nitrogen (N 2 ) Fluorine (F 2 ) Chlorine (Cl 2 ) 2

3 COMPOUNDS Made up of two or more different atoms chemically combined Have a fixed composition Can be separated CHEMICALLY back into simpler substances Represented by 2 or more DIFFERENT capital letters Ex. CO 2 SUBSCRIPTS The little number following an element symbol. Indicates the # of ATOMS of ONLY THAT ELEMENT in the compound. Example: H 2 O CO 2 (2 H s and 1 O) (1 C and 2 O s) COEFFICIENTS The big number in front of a formula Indicate how many molecules you have Example: 3H 2 O is 3 molecules of the compound H 2 O EXAMPLE: How many molecules of water are indicated by the formula: 2H 2 O? ü Can you identify the number of atoms and molecules in a substance based upon the chemical formula 3

4 MIXTURES 2 or more different substances that are PHYSICALLY combined Have varying composition 2 TYPES OF MIXTURES HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE: Substances are uniformly mixed All solutions are homogeneous mixtures Example: Salt water NaCl (aq) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Substances are not uniformly mixed Example: Sand and water Oil & vinegar (aq) aqueous (dissolved in water) Cat Vomit EXAMPLE: CLASSIFY AS COMPOUND, ELEMENT OR MIXTURE EXAMPLE: CLASSIFY AS COMPOUND, ELEMENT OR MIXTURE Table salt NaCl (s) NaCl (aq) 4

5 ü Can you differentiate between compounds, mixtures and elements ü Can you determine if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ü Differentiate between compounds, mixtures and elements ü Determine if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous ü Identify the number of atoms and molecules in a substance based upon the chemical formula OBJECTIVE: BY THE END OF THIS VIDEO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: ü Determine how to separate different types of mixtures LESSON 2: SEPARATING A MIXTURE SEPARATING MIXTURES METHODS OF SEPARATION Separating mixtures can be done based on physical properties as: 1) boiling point/freezing pt 2) magnetism 3) solubility 4) density 5) particle size 1. Filtration Separates a solid from a liquid using filter paper 5

6 2. Distillation Separates mixtures of liquids by boiling point 3. Evaporation Separates aqueous (aq) solutions Ex. Salt & Water 4. Chromatography Separates particles based on size EXAMPLE: What process is used to separate coffee grinds from the coffee? ü Can you determine how to separate different types of mixtures YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ü Determine how to separate different types of mixtures 6

7 OBJECTIVE: BY THE END OF THIS VIDEO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: LESSON 3: PARTICLE DIAGRAMS ü Differentiate between different types of particle diagrams ü Construct particle diagrams for pure substances and mixtures PARTICLE DIAGRAMS Show how the forms of matter look in a simple diagram form TYPES OF PARTICLE DIAGRAMS ELEMENTS- MONATOMIC Single atoms, not bonded to each other ELEMENTS- DIATOMIC 2 of the same elements bonded together 7

8 COMPOUNDS Two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a definite, whole- number rayo Ex. CO Ex. H 2 O MIXTURE Combinations of elements, compounds or both, in no fixed ratio, and not bonded together Mixture of Element and Compound EXAMPLE: CLASSIFY AS ELEMENT, COMPOUND MIXTURE EXAMPLE: CLASSIFY AS ELEMENT, COMPOUND MIXTURE ü Can you differentiate between different types of particle diagrams ü Can you construct particle diagrams for pure substances and mixtures YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ü Differentiate between different types of particle diagrams ü Construct particle diagrams for pure substances and mixtures 8

9 OBJECTIVE: BY THE END OF THIS VIDEO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: LESSON 4: PROPERTIES & CHANGES OF MATTER ü Identify the states of matter ü Differentiate between physical and chemical changes ü Determine the phase of a STP using table S ü Construct particle diagrams for solids, liquids and gases SOLID STATES OF MATTER Definite volume Definite shape ParYcles vibrate Symbol (s) LIQUID Definite volume Takes shape of container Constant moyon Symbol (l) means liquid Symbol (aq) means in water soluyon GAS No definite volume Fills a container (spread out) compressible Greatest amount of movement Symbol (g) 9

10 ü Can you Identify the states of matter ü Can you construct particle diagrams for solids, liquids and gases DETERMINING THE PHASE OF MATTER AT STP At different temperatures a substance can be in a different phase of matter (s, l, g) Scientists determine normal conditions of temp and pressure called standard temperature and pressure (STP) DETERMINING THE PHASE OF MATTER AT STP USING TABLE S TO DETERMINE PHASE OF MATTER AT STP Standard Temperature and Pressure Example: At STP what is the phase of matter of Boron? EXAMPLE: WHAT PHASE OF MATTER IS H K (7 C)? EXAMPLE: 273 K (0 C) 273 K (0 C) 373K (100 C) 373 K (100 C) What is the phase of matter of Lithium at STP? Solid Liquid Gas 10

11 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES/CHANGES ü Can you determine the phase of a STP using table S Characteristics that don t change the substance NO NEW SUBSTANCE Examples: density, crushing, solubility, conductivity, melting/boiling pt, phase changes etc. SIGNS OF A PHYSICAL PROPERTY/ CHANGE Still the same substance but in a different form or state of matter (s,l,g) Words to look for: - Dissolves, melts or boils, Is a solid, liquid or gas etc CHEMICAL PROPERTY/CHANGE Characteristics that change the substance A NEW SUBSTANCE is made Examples: Reactivity, flammable, corrosive SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL PROPERTY/ CHANGE EXAMPLE: IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CHANGE A NEW substance is made that has different properties than its elements n Bubbling (indicates a gas forming) Words to look for: - reacts with (water etc.) - Combusts - corrodes - rusyng iron - dissolving in water - burning a log - crushing a compound chemical Physical chemical physical 11

12 ü Can you differentiate between physical and chemical changes YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ü Identify the states of matter ü Differentiate between physical and chemical changes ü Determine the phase of a STP using table S ü Construct particle diagrams for solids, liquids and gases 12