Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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2 A Great Combination How can matter be classified? Matter is made up of basic ingredients known as atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Substances are classified as elements, compounds, and mixtures.
3 How can matter be classified? An element is made of only one kind of atom. A compound is made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined. A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined.
4 How can matter be classified? Is water an element, a compound, or a mixture?
5 Pure Genius What are pure substances? A pure substance is a substance with definite physical and chemical properties. Pure substances are made up of just one type of particle. Elements and compounds are pure substances.
6 What are pure substances? Physical changes such as melting, freezing, cutting, or smashing do not change the identity of pure substances. When a pure substance undergoes a chemical change, it is no longer that same substance.
7 Classified Information How can elements be classified? Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. Classifying elements helps scientists predict the properties of elements. The periodic table is a tool used to classify and identify elements that have similar properties.
8 How can compounds be classified? Compounds can be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring ph. Pure water has a ph of 7. Acids have a ph below 7. Bases have a ph above 7. Blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid. Red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of a base.
9 How can compounds be classified? Compounds can be organic or inorganic. Organic compounds are those that contain carbon and hydrogen. Organic compounds made by living things are called biochemicals. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are biochemical compounds.
10 Mix and Match What are mixtures? A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically. Mixtures are not pure substances and do not have definite properties.
11 What are mixtures? Substances within a mixture keep their identities and individual properties. Mixtures can be separated by physical changes, although some mixtures are difficult to separate. Magnets, centrifuges, filters, and other materials can be used to separate mixtures.
12 Simple Solution How can mixtures be classified? A heterogeneous mixture is one that does not have a uniform composition. A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout.
13 How can mixtures be classified? A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture. Particles in a suspension are spread throughout a liquid or gas, but are too large to stay mixed unless shaken or stirred. Particles settle in suspensions.
14 How can mixtures be classified? A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance. Colloids have particles that are unevenly spread throughout the mixture. Unlike a suspension, particles in colloids are too small to settle out of the mixture.
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