Organic thin films. Robin Ras Soft Matter and Wetting group Dept. Applied Physics Aalto University.
|
|
- Harry Perkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 rganic thin films Robin Ras Soft Matter and Wetting group Dept. Applied Physics Aalto University
2 rganic thin films as stabilizer for colloids (not discussed here) solid-liquid interface nanoparticles liquid-liquid interface emulsions vesicles liquid-gas interface foams bubbles Lipid bi-layers (vesicles, membranes) P P P P P P P CdS Pe P P P P nanoparticles foam emulsion (e.g. milk) rganic thin films: deposition techniques Langmuir-Blodgett films self-assembled monolayers spin coating layer-by-layer assembly polymer grafting molecular layer deposition
3 Langmuir-Blodgett technique to make thin films based surfactant-like molecules Langmuir-Blodgett technique is based on formation of floating film on water, its compaction by squeezing to make densified 2- dim solid-like film on water surface, and its transfer on a substrate To form the film on the water surface, the method works usually required to make molecules surface active, i.e. they have both hydrophobic and hydropilic parts For example hydrophobic polymers to have hydrophilic side chains etc. Prototypical examples are surfactants (and phospholipids) hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrophobic hydrophilic d Kontturi et al
4 Langmuir-Blodgett: Pressurization curve
5 Coating of substrates Dippings of the substrates (glass, silica wafer etc) ne dipping: one layer More dippings: more layers Two-dimensional nanometer thickness films This is one of the standard methods to make eg. semiconducting polymer layers, nanoparticles assemblies, optical elements etc Hall: The New Chemistry
6 Examples for Langmuir-Blodgett applications Any molecules that float on water can be used in Langmuir- Blodgett method For example, nanoparticles that have surface brushes Gold nanoparticles with C12 brushes n substrate hydrophobic r eg. Conjugated electro-active polymers that are made surfactant like by side chains allow preparation of semiconducting layers hydrophilic
7 Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Liquid phase coating of a surface (funtionalized with a suitable reactive or interacting groups) with a one molecule thick layer (monolayer) self-limiting growth The most common example is given by thiols ( SH) reacting very easily with gold-surfaces Example: C n H 2n+1 -SH forms a dense surface layer licon wafers can be cold-plated first to allow SAM Au X SH X S Au zin: Nanochemistry
8 Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM) The preparation of SAMs typically involves immersing a gold-coated substrate in a dilute solution of the alkanethiol in ethanol (Figure 3). A monolayer spontaneously assembles at the surface of the substrate over the next one to twenty four hours. Initially, within a few seconds to minutes, a disordered monolayer is formed. Within this early time frame, the thickness reaches 80-90% of its final value. As the layer continues to form, van der Waals forces between the hydrocarbon chains help pack the molecules into a well-ordered, crystalline layer. During this ordering phase, contaminants are displaced (for example, adventitious hydrocarbons on the gold), solvents are expelled from the monolayer, and defects are reduced while packing is enhanced by increased packing of the alkanethiols.
9 Surface coatings and functionalizations with organosilanes: First activation of the surface to achieve lots of hydroxyl groups H. Then liquid phase addition of molecules containing triethoxysilane end group The triethoxysilane endgroups react with the surface H groups and other H-groups due to hydrolysis and allow reactive bonding This procedure can be repeated if there is another H group at the other end of the added molecule to make multiple layers r if there is another functional group, this allows to connect other chemically active groups on the surfaces t R + H0H Hydrolysis H + R0H Water condensation H + H + H0H H R H 5 C 2 C 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 Some spacer group X R H 5 C 2 C 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 R + Alcohol condensation H + R0H
10 Example for the use of Self-assembled Monolayers: Microcontact Printing I Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Amorphous Glass transition T g = -123 o C Soft Cross-link: soft rubber Preparation of a master licon wafer Prepolymer (linear) Crosslinked rubber (network) Electron beam lithography slow But each master allows tens of stamps photoresist spin coated patterning using eg. electron beam lithography Expose with radiation Develop (remove the radiation degraded photoresist) ch to prepare patterns Use the master as a mold to fill with liquid PDMS uncured polymer Cure (cross-link) PDMS to make the stamp Remove the stamp zin: Nanochemistry
11 Example for the use of Self-assembled Monolayers: Microcontact Printing II Use stamps to replicate patterns Use alkanethiols as ink for the stamp Alkanethiols stamped on substrate patterns to protect gold in etching Chemical treatment of the unproctected patterns to remove Au Leads to patterns without photolithography mple and cheap zin: Nanochemistry
12 Dip Pen Lithography (DPN) Use Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip to draw lines Ink: alkanethiols Less than 10 nm linewidths zin: Nanochemistry
13 There is plenty of room at the bottom Richard Feynman, 1959 written at the nanoscale Dip-Pen lithography Developed by Chad Mirkin (1999) an atomic force microscope tip is used to transfer molecules to a surface via a solvent meniscus. DPN is the nanotechnology analog of the dip pen (also called the quill pen), where the tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever acts as a "pen," which is coated with a chemical compound or mixture acting as an "ink," and put in contact with a substrate, the "paper."
14
15 A dip-pen nanolithography that has an array of 55,000 pens that can create 55,000 identical molecular patterns The background shows some of the 55,000 miniature images of a 2005 US nickel made with dip-pen lithography. (Each circle is only twice the diameter of a red blood cell.) Each nickel image with Thomas Jefferson's profile (in red) is made of a series of 80 nm dots. The inset (right) is an electron microscope image of a portion of the 55,000-pen array (Angewandte Chemie , 2006 )
16 Various other schemes to make SAM Require simple surface reactive group
17 Reminder: Polyelectrolyte multilayers (layer-by-layer deposition) First make the substrate charged See the next page Use oppositely charged polymers i.e. polyelectrolytes in solutions Not all of the ionic groups of the polymer are used for compensation of the surface charge, therefore the charge is overcompensated Layer-by-layer growth of organic polyelectrolytes
18 How to make a surface charged Example 1: Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on gold Aminoalkanethiols Thiol SH makes a covalent bond to Au Amino NH 2 becomes positively charged NH 3 + under acidic conditions NH 2 NH 2 Note: SAM is a general and very important surface functionalization to functionalize gold surfaces by generic X by using HS-(CH 2 ) n -X Au SH Au S Au Example 2: lane chemistry on silica, glass, -wafer H 2 N H 2 N H 2 N H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 H H
19 Examples of polyelectrolytes for layer-by-layer multilayers Polyanions: Negatively charged Polycations: Positively charged
20 Layer edges are not sharp The layers do not have well defined interfaces They do not have Bragg scattering (X-ray) Like layers of differently colored spagetties layered
21 The thickness of the coating behaves smoothly as a function of number of layers linear or exponential Layer thickness increases as a function of the cycles
22 How Thick is Thin Ellipsometry Polarized incident light Polarization of reflected light studied Measures how the parallel-to-surface polarization vs the perpendicular-to-the surface polarization components change Allows to determine the film thickness Quartz crystal microbalance Piezoelectric quartz crystal oscillates at a resonance frequency f If more mass is provided to the oscillation, the resonance frequency goes down More mass is provided by adsorbed surface layers Allows to deduce on adsorption on the surface Pictures from Wikipedia Also Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (absorption) Neutron scattering X-ray reflectivity
23 Alternating hard and soft matter imitate nacre which has expectional combination of high stiffnes, strength, and toughness Biomineralized nacre in abalone shells Alternating CaC 3 (hard) and protein (soft) layer Stiff, tough, and strong CaC3 stiff and strong Now Layer-by-layer concepts allow one example of biomimetics, i.e. to imitate the biological structures Real nacre Scheme for nacre mimic: Alternating negatively charged CaC 3 nanosheets and positively charged polymers made by layerby-layer deposition
24 Spin coating liquid dispensing spinning thinning + evaporation short coating time reliable cheap uniform film thickness in case of Newtonian liquids (=viscosity remains constant with shear rate) Film thickness is largely a balance between the force applied to shear the fluid towards the edge of the substrate and the drying rate which affects the solids content and thus viscosity. As the film dries, the viscosity increases until the radial force of the spin process can no longer appreciably move the liquid over the surface. Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C, 2005, 101, 174
25 Spin coating Factors affecting the film thickness: polymer concentration (viscosity) boiling point of solvent spinning speed (larger speeds, thinner films) spinning acceleration atmosphere no dust evaporation is slower in presence of solvent vapor, leading to thinner films substrate clean appropriate surface groups for adhesion of the films Possible problems: striations ( comets ) due to dust particles (better substrate cleaning, or filtering of solution) due to air bubbles (degassing of solution) incomplete filling of substrate (dispensing of larger volume) inhomogeneities due to dust (better substrate cleaning, or filtering of solution due to inhomogeneous evaporation of solvent (try with higher boiling point solvent, solvent vapor) due to insufficient levelling of liquid films (try higher spinning speed) Applications: photoresist (lithography) organic field-effect transistors active matrix displays LEDs photovoltaics sensors protective coating in CDs and DVDs optical coating anti-reflection
26 Grafting to H H H H H H H H H 3 C H 3 C C H 3 GPS H H H H H H H C H 3 H H HC H H H H ooc H H H H H HC H H H H ooc H H H H ooc
27 Grafting from H H H H H H H C H 3 H H H2 N NH 2 R NH 2 R NH CN N N Me ACP Me CN H R NH CN Me N N Me CN H N
28 Grafting density affects conformation
29 Ultralow-Fouling, Functionalizable, and Hydrolyzable Zwitterionic Materials At present, there are few materials that can effectively resist nonspecific protein adsorption from real-world complex media and meet the challenges of practical applications, such as medical implants, drug-delivery carriers, and biosensors. grafted polymers Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, Due to electrostatically induced hydration, surfaces coated with zwitterionic groups are highly resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation.
30 Artificial cartilage: reduced friction of Klein et al. Science 323, 1698 (2009) grafted polymers molecular brushes prostheses lubricating layers of "molecular brushes" can outperform nature under the highest pressures encountered within joints, with potentially important implications for joint replacement surgery. By introducing charges to the brushes you get a hydration layer of water molecules around the charges. These water molecules are tightly bound, in the sense that it's hard to remove them all at once, but individual molecules are able to rapidly exchange with water in the surrounding solvent or the hydration layer of another charge. This gives them the properties of molecular ball-bearings - you can press hard on them and they won't release their water, but when you come to shear them [move the surfaces over each other] they behave in a fluid way, which gives the excellent lubrication properties.'
31 Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) Analogous to ALD, but for organic films. Another type of grafting, but this is in principle extremely well controlled: monomer by monomer. Based on sequential, self-limiting surface reactions. limitation: precursors have to be volatile Acc. Chem. Res., 2009, 42 (4), 498
Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods.
Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods. 10 / 05 / 2016 1 Summary: 1.Introduction to Nanotechnology:...3 2.Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods:...5 2.1.Top-down Methods:...7 2.2.Bottom-up Methods:...16 3.Conclusions:...19
More informationFabrication of ordered array at a nanoscopic level: context
Fabrication of ordered array at a nanoscopic level: context Top-down method Bottom-up method Classical lithography techniques Fast processes Size limitations it ti E-beam techniques Small sizes Slow processes
More informationSelf Assembled Monolayers
Nanotechnology for engineers Winter semester 2004-2005 Nanotechnology for Engineers : J. Brugger (LMIS-1) & P. Hoffmann (IOA) Outlook Introduction (gas phase solution) Large molecules SAMs Small molecules
More informationDip-Pen Lithography 1
Dip-Pen Lithography 1 A Brief History of Writing Instruments From Quills and Bamboos to fountain pens and brushes M. Klein and Henry W. Wynne received US patent #68445 in 1867 for an ink chamber and delivery
More informationI. NANOFABRICATION O AND CHARACTERIZATION Chap. 2 : Self-Assembly
I. Nanofabrication and Characterization : TOC I. NANOFABRICATION O AND CHARACTERIZATION Chap. 1 : Nanolithography Chap. 2 : Self-Assembly Chap. 3 : Scanning Probe Microscopy Nanoscale fabrication requirements
More informationTechniken der Oberflächenphysik (Techniques of Surface Physics)
Techniken der Oberflächenphysik (Techniques of Surface Physics) Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu (& Liying Liang) Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de;
More informationThin film techniques: the layer-by-layer self assembly technique
Thin film techniques: the layer-by-layer self assembly technique Carmelina Ruggiero University of Genoa Overview Thin films Thin film techniques Langmuir-Blodgett technique Chemical self-assembling Layer-by-Layer
More informationFabrication at the nanoscale for nanophotonics
Fabrication at the nanoscale for nanophotonics Ilya Sychugov, KTH Materials Physics, Kista silicon nanocrystal by electron beam induced deposition lithography Outline of basic nanofabrication methods Devices
More informationMEEN Nanoscale Issues in Manufacturing. Lithography Lecture 1: The Lithographic Process
MEEN 489-500 Nanoscale Issues in Manufacturing Lithography Lecture 1: The Lithographic Process 1 Discuss Reading Assignment 1 1 Introducing Nano 2 2 Size Matters 3 3 Interlude One-The Fundamental Science
More informationLecture 4. Donnan Potential
Lecture 4 Langmuir-Blodgett films II Langmuir Blodgett films. II. Donnan Potential Floating monolayers Generally, amphiphilic molecules adsorb on the liquid-air interface Insoluble amphiphiles can create
More informationPhotolithography 光刻 Part II: Photoresists
微纳光电子材料与器件工艺原理 Photolithography 光刻 Part II: Photoresists Xing Sheng 盛兴 Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University xingsheng@tsinghua.edu.cn 1 Photolithography 光刻胶 负胶 正胶 4 Photolithography
More informationPhysics and Chemistry of Interfaces
Hans Jürgen Butt, Karlheinz Graf, and Michael Kappl Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XI 1 Introduction
More informationEmerging nanopatterning
Nanotechnology for engineers Winter semester 2006-2007 Emerging nanopatterning Soft-lithography: Microcontact printing Nanoimprint Lithography Stencil lithography Dip-Pen lithography / Nanoscale dispensing
More informationMonolayers. Factors affecting the adsorption from solution. Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support
Monolayers Adsorption as process Adsorption of gases on solids Adsorption of solutions on solids Factors affecting the adsorption from solution Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support Adsorption
More informationModel Solutions Spring 2003
Exam 2 BE.462J/3.962J Model Solutions Spring 2003 (80 points total possible) 1. (10 points) Explain the phenomenon of phsensitive swelling in polyelectrolyte hydrogels. Why does the swelling depend on
More informationKavli Workshop for Journalists. June 13th, CNF Cleanroom Activities
Kavli Workshop for Journalists June 13th, 2007 CNF Cleanroom Activities Seeing nm-sized Objects with an SEM Lab experience: Scanning Electron Microscopy Equipment: Zeiss Supra 55VP Scanning electron microscopes
More informationULTRATHIN ORGANIC FILMS
An Introduction to ULTRATHIN ORGANIC FILMS From Langmuir-Blodgett to Self-Assembly Abraham Ulman Corporate Research Laboratories Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York Academic Press San Diego New York
More informationLecture 2. Methods and Techniques for Self-assembly
10.524 Lecture 2. Methods and Techniques for Self-assembly Instructor: Prof. Zhiyong Gu (Chemical Engineering & UML CHN/NCOE Nanomanufacturing Center) Lecture 2: Methods and Techniques for Self-assembly
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Detailed illustration on the fabrication process of templatestripped
Supplementary Figure 1 Detailed illustration on the fabrication process of templatestripped gold substrate. (a) Spin coating of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist onto the silicon substrate with a thickness
More informationSeminars in Nanosystems - I
Seminars in Nanosystems - I Winter Semester 2011/2012 Dr. Emanuela Margapoti Emanuela.Margapoti@wsi.tum.de Dr. Gregor Koblmüller Gregor.Koblmueller@wsi.tum.de Seminar Room at ZNN 1 floor Topics of the
More informationSurface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai Zoltán Nagy Department of Physical Chemistry
Surface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai Zoltán Nagy Department of Physical Chemistry Surfaces and Interfaces Defining of interfacial region Types
More informationSurface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai
Surface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai Surfaces and Interfaces Defining of interfacial region Types of interfaces: surface vs interface Surface
More informationSelf-Assembled Monolayers
Self-Assembled Monolayers Literature and Further Information Surface Chemistry: www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/surfaces/scc/ www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzpjm/amshome.htm venables.asu.edu/grad/lectures.html SAM s: www.ifm.liu.se/applphys/ftir/sams.html
More informationContact lubrication in human articular joints: The role of mucinous glycoproteins
Contact lubrication in human articular joints: The role of mucinous glycoproteins Bruno Zappone Italian National Research Council - CNR Institute for Physical- Chemical Processes - IPCF Liquid Crystal
More informationSELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY A Force Balance Approach
SELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY A Force Balance Approach Yoon S. Lee Scientific Information Analyst Chemical Abstracts Service A Division of the American Chemical Society Columbus, Ohio WILEY A JOHN WILEY
More informationLayer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly
Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly 1 Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly No! Layers! Onions have layers! Ogres have Layers! Onions have Layers. You get it? We both have layers. Sherk 2001 Oh, you both have
More informationLigand coated metal nanoparticles and quantum dots
The Supramolecular Nano Materials Group Ligand coated metal nanoparticles and quantum dots Francesco Stellacci Department of Materials Science and Engineering frstella@mit.edu Outline Self-Assembled Monolayers
More informationSelf-Assembled Monolayers
CHE499 : A Nanotechnology Course in Chemical & Materials Engineering Spring 2006 Self-Assembled Monolayers By Drs. Lloyd Lee, Winny Dong 5GD6ER Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) History Nuzzo, R. G.; Allara,
More informationLecture 7 Contact angle phenomena and wetting
Lecture 7 Contact angle phenomena and Contact angle phenomena and wetting Young s equation Drop on the surface complete spreading Establishing finite contact angle γ cosθ = γ γ L S SL γ S γ > 0 partial
More informationApplied Surface Science
Applied Surface Science 254 (2008) 7064 7068 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Surface Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apsusc Aliphatic dithiocarboxylic acids: New adsorbates
More informationLAYER BY LAYER (LbL) SELF-ASSEMBLY STRATEGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LAYER BY LAYER (LbL) SELF-ASSEMBLY STRATEGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS A. Z. Cheng 1, R. Swaminathan 2 1 Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, azcheng@uwaterloo.ca; 2 Nanotechnology Engineering,
More informationSurface Modification of Biomaterials
Lecture 9: Surface Modification of Biomaterials Supporting notes 3.051J/20.340J Materials for Biomedical Applications, Spring 2006 1 Purpose: Alter surface properties to enhance performance in biological
More informationSoftlithography and Atomic Force Microscopy
Praktikum I, Autumn Semester 2008/09 Experiment 13/14; 03.12.2008 Softlithography and Atomic Force Microscopy Authors: Claudio Zihlmann (zclaudio@student.ethz.ch) and Philippe Knüsel (pknuesel@student.ethz.ch)
More informationTunable Nanoparticle Arrays at Charged Interfaces
Tunable Nanoparticle Arrays at Charged Interfaces Supporting Material Sunita Srivastava 1, Dmytro Nykypanchuk 1, Masafumi Fukuto 2 and Oleg Gang 1* 1 Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National
More informationIntroduction to Photolithography
http://www.ichaus.de/news/72 Introduction to Photolithography Photolithography The following slides present an outline of the process by which integrated circuits are made, of which photolithography is
More informationChemistry of Carbon. Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% H2O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl,
More informationNanobiotechnology. Place: IOP 1 st Meeting Room Time: 9:30-12:00. Reference: Review Papers. Grade: 40% midterm, 60% final report (oral + written)
Nanobiotechnology Place: IOP 1 st Meeting Room Time: 9:30-12:00 Reference: Review Papers Grade: 40% midterm, 60% final report (oral + written) Midterm: 5/18 Oral Presentation 1. 20 minutes each person
More informationIn this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
B05D PROCESSES FOR APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (apparatus for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces B05B, B05C; {coating of foodstuffs A23P 20/17,
More informationLecture 5: Macromolecules, polymers and DNA
1, polymers and DNA Introduction In this lecture, we focus on a subfield of soft matter: macromolecules and more particularly on polymers. As for the previous chapter about surfactants and electro kinetics,
More informationPlasmonic sensing of heat transport and phase change near solid-liquid interfaces
Plasmonic sensing of heat transport and phase change near solid-liquid interfaces David G. Cahill and Jonglo Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More informationIn today s lecture, we will cover:
In today s lecture, we will cover: Chemical Vapour Deposition Atomic Layer Deposition Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Depositions 1 Nanofilms Goals for this section: Understand the chemistry of deposition
More informationA Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector
A Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector Abrasion resistance The ability of the coating membrane to resist mechanical action such as foot traffic and particles, which
More informationContents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1
V Contents Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Van der Waals Forces 5 2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules 5 2.1.1 Coulomb Interaction 5 2.1.2 Monopole Dipole Interaction
More informationSOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES
30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines
More informationSurface Engineering Using Soft Materials
Surface Engineering Using Soft Materials Lab 6 Spring 2016 Pappalardo II Micro/Nano Laboratories Gloves, goggles, and lab coats must be worn at all times while performing the following experiments. Safety
More informationChapter 11. Intermolecular forces. Chapter 11 1
Chapter 11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 1 2 Intermolecular forces Forces of attraction between molecules Directly dependent on the distance between the molecules
More informationChapter Intermolecular attractions
Chapter 11 11.2 Intermolecular attractions Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces control the physical properties of the substance. Intramolecular forces
More informationHigh-resolution Characterization of Organic Ultrathin Films Using Atomic Force Microscopy
High-resolution Characterization of Organic Ultrathin Films Using Atomic Force Microscopy Jing-jiang Yu Nanotechnology Measurements Division Agilent Technologies, Inc. Atomic Force Microscopy High-Resolution
More informationInterfacial forces and friction on the nanometer scale: A tutorial
Interfacial forces and friction on the nanometer scale: A tutorial M. Ruths Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Presented at the Nanotribology Tutorial/Panel Session, STLE/ASME International
More informationSuperparamagnetic nanoparticle arrays for magnetically tunable photonics. Josh Kurzman Materials 265
Superparamagnetic nanoparticle arrays for magnetically tunable photonics Josh Kurzman Materials 265 Superparamagnetism In SPM regime, thermal energy sufficient to overcome spin reversal barrier T B Below
More informationMSN551 LITHOGRAPHY II
MSN551 Introduction to Micro and Nano Fabrication LITHOGRAPHY II E-Beam, Focused Ion Beam and Soft Lithography Why need electron beam lithography? Smaller features are required By electronics industry:
More informationLecture 3. Self-assembled Monolayers (SAM)
10.524 Lecture 3. Self-assembled Monolayers (SAM) Instructor: Prof. Zhiyong Gu (Chemical Engineering & UML CHN/NCOE Nanomanufacturing Center) Lecture 3: Self-assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Table of Contents
More informationESH Benign Processes for he Integration of Quantum Dots (QDs)
ESH Benign Processes for he Integration of Quantum Dots (QDs) PIs: Karen K. Gleason, Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT Graduate Students: Chia-Hua Lee: PhD Candidate, Department of Material Science
More informationA New Dielectrophoretic Coating Process for Depositing Thin Uniform Coatings on Films and Fibrous Surfaces
A New Dielectrophoretic Coating Process for Depositing Thin Uniform Coatings on Films and Fibrous Surfaces by Angelo Yializis Ph.D., Xin Dai Ph.D. Sigma Technologies International Tucson, AZ USA SIGMA
More informationNanostructures Fabrication Methods
Nanostructures Fabrication Methods bottom-up methods ( atom by atom ) In the bottom-up approach, atoms, molecules and even nanoparticles themselves can be used as the building blocks for the creation of
More information2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 2.1 Water and Polarity Both geometry and properties of molecule determine polarity Electronegativity - The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself
More informationInteraction of Gold Nanoparticle with Proteins
Chapter 7 Interaction of Gold Nanoparticle with Proteins 7.1. Introduction The interfacing of nanoparticle with biomolecules such as protein is useful for applications ranging from nano-biotechnology (molecular
More informationLecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments
3.051J/20.340J 1 Lecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments High vacuum techniques are important tools for characterizing surface composition, but do not yield information on surface
More informationSolid to liquid. Liquid to gas. Gas to solid. Liquid to solid. Gas to liquid. +energy. -energy
33 PHASE CHANGES - To understand solids and liquids at the molecular level, it will help to examine PHASE CHANGES in a little more detail. A quick review of the phase changes... Phase change Description
More informationMr. Carpenter s Biology Biochemistry. Name Pd
Mr. Carpenter s Biology Biochemistry Name Pd Chapter 2 Vocabulary Atom Element Compound Molecule Ion Cohesion Adhesion Solution Acid Base Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Lipid Protein Amino acid Nucleic acid
More informationNanosphere Lithography
Nanosphere Lithography Derec Ciafre 1, Lingyun Miao 2, and Keita Oka 1 1 Institute of Optics / 2 ECE Dept. University of Rochester Abstract Nanosphere Lithography is quickly emerging as an efficient, low
More informationPOSS for Surface Modification and and Corrosion Prevention
PSS for Surface Modification and and Corrosion Prevention Bill einerth Presented at the Nanostructured Chemicals Workshop September 7 th - 8 th, 2000 18237 Mount Baldy Circle Fountain Valley, CA 92708
More informationOCR A GCSE Chemistry. Topic 2: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Properties of materials. Notes.
OCR A GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Elements, compounds and mixtures Properties of materials Notes C2.3a recall that carbon can form four covalent bonds C2.3b explain that the vast array of natural and synthetic
More informationA Novel Approach to the Layer Number-Controlled and Grain Size- Controlled Growth of High Quality Graphene for Nanoelectronics
Supporting Information A Novel Approach to the Layer Number-Controlled and Grain Size- Controlled Growth of High Quality Graphene for Nanoelectronics Tej B. Limbu 1,2, Jean C. Hernández 3, Frank Mendoza
More informationNanotechnology. Gavin Lawes Department of Physics and Astronomy
Nanotechnology Gavin Lawes Department of Physics and Astronomy Earth-Moon distance 4x10 8 m (courtesy NASA) Length scales (Part I) Person 2m Magnetic nanoparticle 5x10-9 m 10 10 m 10 5 m 1 m 10-5 m 10-10
More information2015 AP Biology Unit 2 PRETEST- Introduction to the Cell and Biochemistry
Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology Unit 2 PRETEST- Introduction to the Cell and Biochemistry Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In what
More informationSolutions for Assignment-8
Solutions for Assignment-8 Q1. The process of adding impurities to a pure semiconductor is called: [1] (a) Mixing (b) Doping (c) Diffusing (d) None of the above In semiconductor production, doping intentionally
More informationWhy study Carbon? Chemistry of Life. Chemistry of Life. Hydrocarbons can grow. Hydrocarbons. Building Blocks. Combinations of C & H
Chemistry of Life Building Blocks Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% 2 O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl, K Chemistry of Life
More informationCarbon Nanotube Thin-Films & Nanoparticle Assembly
Nanodevices using Nanomaterials : Carbon Nanotube Thin-Films & Nanoparticle Assembly Seung-Beck Lee Division of Electronics and Computer Engineering & Department of Nanotechnology, Hanyang University,
More informationSpecific ion effects on the interaction of. hydrophobic and hydrophilic self assembled
Supporting Information Specific ion effects on the interaction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic self assembled monolayers T. Rios-Carvajal*, N. R. Pedersen, N. Bovet, S.L.S. Stipp, T. Hassenkam. Nano-Science
More informationMeasurements of interaction forces in (biological) model systems
Measurements of interaction forces in (biological) model systems Marina Ruths Department of Chemistry, UMass Lowell What can force measurements tell us about a system? Depending on the technique, we might
More informationUniversità degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro"
Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" Table of contents 1. Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy; 2. Introduction to Raman Spectroscopy; 3. The need for a hybrid technique Raman AFM microscopy;
More information2 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogels Grown on Surfaces by ATRP Hariharasudhan Chirra 1, James Z. Hilt 2 1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, KY, USA 40508.
More informationThe Chemistry and Energy of Life
2 The Chemistry and Energy of Life Chapter 2 The Chemistry and Energy of Life Key Concepts 2.1 Atomic Structure Is the Basis for Life s Chemistry 2.2 Atoms Interact and Form Molecules 2.3 Carbohydrates
More informationNanoscale Issues in Materials & Manufacturing
Nanoscale Issues in Materials & Manufacturing ENGR 213 Principles of Materials Engineering Module 2: Introduction to Nanoscale Issues Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches for Fabrication Winfried Teizer,
More informationIntroduction to Scanning Probe Microscopy
WORKSHOP Nanoscience on the Tip Introduction to Scanning Probe Microscopy Table of Contents: 1 Historic Perspectives... 1 2 Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM)... 2 2.1. Contact Mode... 2 2.2. AC Mode Imaging...
More informationChemistry 6/15/2015. Outline. Why study chemistry? Chemistry is the basis for studying much of biology.
Chemistry Biology 105 Lecture 2 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 20-29) Outline Why study chemistry??? Elements Atoms Periodic Table Electrons Bonding Bonds Covalent bonds Polarity Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonding
More informationThere's Plenty of Room at the Bottom
There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom 12/29/1959 Feynman asked why not put the entire Encyclopedia Britannica (24 volumes) on a pin head (requires atomic scale recording). He proposed to use electron microscope
More informationEffect of Non-Ionic Surfactants on Dispersion and. Polar Interactions in the Adsorption of Cellulases. onto Lignin
Supporting Information Effect of Non-Ionic Surfactants on Dispersion and Polar Interactions in the Adsorption of Cellulases onto Lignin Feng Jiang, Chen Qian, Alan R. Esker and Maren Roman, * Macromolecules
More informationOverview. Carbon in all its forms. Background & Discovery Fabrication. Important properties. Summary & References. Overview of current research
Graphene Prepared for Solid State Physics II Pr Dagotto Spring 2009 Laurene Tetard 03/23/09 Overview Carbon in all its forms Background & Discovery Fabrication Important properties Overview of current
More informationFigure 1: Some examples of objects at different size scales ( 2001, CMP Científica, [2])
Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Nanomanufacturing Prof. Derek J. Hansford, Biomedical Engineering Program and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Learning Objectives: This module should expose the student
More informationChapter 12. Insert picture from First page of chapter. Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids
Chapter 12 Insert picture from First page of chapter Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 12.1 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces
More informationSynthesis of Nanoparticles and Surface Modifications
Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Surface Modifications Self-Assembly Static assembly Dynamic assembly RT = 8.314 J/mol x 300 = 2.4 kj/mol Driving forces Chemisorption Surface effect Hydrophobic-hydrophilic
More informationChapter - 5 SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS
Chapter - 5 SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Langmuir Blodgett methodology. a) Surfactant in water. The black dot represents th head and the line represents the tail. The molecules are disordered.
More informationElectrochemically Synthesized Multi-block
Electrochemically Synthesized Multi-block Nanorods Sungho Park SungKyunKwan University, Department of Chemistry & SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 2282-2290
More informationPrevious Faraday Discussions
Previous Faraday Discussions All previous volumes can be viewed at Faraday Discussions from 2011 onwards are listed at Faraday Discussions 2000-2010 147: Chemistry of the Planets Introductory Lecture:
More informationNano Materials. Nanomaterials
Nano Materials 1 Contents Introduction Basics Synthesis of Nano Materials Fabrication of Nano Structure Nano Characterization Properties and Applications 2 Fabrication of Nano Structure Lithographic techniques
More informationNANONICS IMAGING FOUNTAIN PEN
NANONICS IMAGING FOUNTAIN PEN NanoLithography Systems Methods of Nanochemical Lithography Fountain Pen NanoLithography A. Lewis et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2689 (1999) FPN controlled etching of chrome.
More informationAbstract. The principles and applicability of surface structure and hydrophobicity of polymers (PS, PDMS),
Contact Angle Goniometer: Hydrophobicity of Biomaterial Surfaces and Protein Coatings Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering MSE 255 Lab Report
More informationChapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes
Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.2 Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes I. Forces of Attraction (13.2) Intramolecular forces? (forces within) Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and metallic
More informationChapter 7 Solid Surface
Chapter 7 Solid Surface Definition of solid : A matter that is rigid and resists stress. Difference between solid and liquid surface : Liquid : always in equilibrium and equipotential. (Fig 7.1a,b) Solid
More informationWhat type of samples are common? Time spent on different operations during LC analyses. Number of samples? Aims. Sources of error. Sample preparation
What type of samples are common? Sample preparation 1 2 Number of samples? Time spent on different operations during LC analyses 3 4 Sources of error Aims Sample has to be representative Sample has to
More informationBasic Laboratory. Materials Science and Engineering. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Basic Laboratory Materials Science and Engineering Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) M108 Stand: 20.10.2015 Aim: Presentation of an application of the AFM for studying surface morphology. Inhalt 1.Introduction...
More informationApplied Surfactants: Principles and Applications
Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications Tadros, Tharwat F. ISBN-13: 9783527306299 Table of Contents Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General Classification of Surface Active Agents. 1.2 Anionic Surfactants.
More informationLangmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Deposition Troughs
Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Deposition Troughs Thin Film Coatings with Controlled Packing Density Sophisticated Thin Film Technology Thin film coatings Coatings and thin films made from nanoparticles
More informationPERIODIC ARRAYS OF METAL NANOBOWLS AS SERS-ACTIVE SUBSTRATES
PERIODIC ARRAYS OF METAL NANOBOWLS AS SERS-ACTIVE SUBSTRATES Lucie ŠTOLCOVÁ a, Jan PROŠKA a, Filip NOVOTNÝ a, Marek PROCHÁZKA b, Ivan RICHTER a a Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear
More informationAdsorption Processes. Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Adsorption Processes Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Contents Introduction Principles of adsorption Types of adsorption Definitions Brief history Adsorption isotherms Mechanism
More informationCHAPTER 13. States of Matter. Kinetic = motion. Polar vs. Nonpolar. Gases. Hon Chem 13.notebook
CHAPTER 13 States of Matter States that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. Kinetic = motion A gas is composed of particles, usually molecules or atoms, with negligible volume
More informationChapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes
Chapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes In-chapter exercises: 10.1 10.6, 10.11; End-of-chapter Problems: 10.26, 10.31, 10.32, 10.33, 10.34, 10.35, 10.36, 10.39, 10.40, 10.42, 10.44, 10.45, 10.66,
More informationESS 5855 Surface Engineering for. MicroElectroMechanicalechanical Systems. Fall 2010
ESS 5855 Surface Engineering for Microelectromechanical Systems Fall 2010 MicroElectroMechanicalechanical Systems Miniaturized systems with integrated electrical and mechanical components for actuation
More information