Biogeochemical Review

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Clare Hopkins
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1 Biogeochemical Review Name KEY LT 1 1. Name and define 5 processes in the water cycle. Precipitation moisture falls back to the earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Evaporation liquid water changes into a gas. Transpiration moisture from plants evaporates into the atmosphere. Condensation water vapor changes back into a liquid. Infiltration water moves into the ground through rocks and soil. 2. In the activity, Journey through the Water Cycle, a water droplet moved from the soil to a cloud. What 2 processes had to occur for the water to get from the first location (soil) to the next (cloud)? LT -2 Evaporation, Condensation 3. What essential elements are found in glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )? C, H, O 4. What substance helps to build, repair, and maintain cells? It contains essential elements C, H,O, N, and sometimes S. Proteins 5. What essential element makes up part of vitamins, hormones, and some amino acids? Sulfur 6. What are the 6 essential elements? C, H, O, P, S, N LT 3 7. What are the 8 most abundant elements? O, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Si 8. What are the four major processes involved in moving and transforming carbon in land ecosystems? Put an up arrow next to processes that increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

2 Photosynthesis (down arrow) Respiration (up arrow) Combustion (up arrow) Decomposition (up arrow) 9. During which process is inorganic carbon converted to organic carbon? Photosynthesis 10. How is organic carbon different from carbon dioxide? Organic carbon has stored energy and is usually a solid or liquid. CO2 is a gas with no stored energy. 11. What are 2 examples of organic carbon? Cellulose proteins Fat Carbohydrates (glucose, sugar) 12. Which process is the exact reverse of photosynthesis? Respiration 13. Write the word equation for photosynthesis. Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water= glucose + oxygen + water LT Write the word equation for respiration. Oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + energy + water 15. BTB (Bromothymol Blue) is a blue solution. It turns yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. If someone exhaled into the BTB, would it turn yellow? Explain. Yes, we give off or exhale CO2. BTB turns yellow in the presence of CO If you put a plant in a small vial of BTB and added carbon dioxide, predict what would happen if you observed the vial during a sunny day and then again at night. After time in the sunlight, the plant would begin photosynthesis. It would use the CO2 present in the vial and the sunlight. The BTB would turn Blue.

3 At night the plant doesn t have sunlight available so it would only respire or give off CO2 which would turn the BTB yellow. LT 5 LT In the experiment, How are Plants Unique, what did the color change of BTB from yellow to blue prove? The plant used the CO2 to make food 18. What makes plants unique in the carbon cycle? Plants convert sunlight to chemical energy which all living things can then use. Plants also can give off oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. 19. Explain a plant s role in carbon cycling. Plant s use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. They are able to convert light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. This chemical energy is needed by almost all other living things. Plants give off oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. 20. If you had to choose one thing that contributed most to the mass of a tree. What would you choose? Sunlight, soil, carbon dioxide, nutrients, chlorophyll, water. Explain. Carbon dioxide is converted to chemical energy in the form of organic carbon compounds. This organic carbon is stored in the plant for growth and adds even more to the mass of the plant than even water. 21. What matter is needed for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide and water 22. What energy is needed for photosynthesis? sunlight 23. What are the products (matter only) of photosynthesis? Oxygen, glucose, water 24. What are the energy outputs from photosynthesis? Heat, chemical energy 25. What are 2 things that can happen with the food we eat? (Think about the caterpillar and the thrush).

4 Some can be used immediately for movement and some can be stored for growth. 26. In the activity, Island Ecosystem, why could the model ecosystem we built support many more trees and giraffes than lions? Explain. The lions need to consume more food than the trees or giraffes. So ecosystems must have many more producers and primary consumers than top predators in order for the ecosystem to thrive. LT What happens to the matter when a caterpillar eats a spicebush plant? Describe both possibilities. Some of the matter can be used immediately so the caterpillar can move and function. The caterpillar returns carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere through respiration. Some of the matter is stored for growth. 28. Define carbon source. Carbon sources produce or give off carbon dioxide. 29. Define carbon sink Carbon sinks hold or absorb carbon dioxide. (Keep it out of the atmosphere).

5 Identify carbon sinks and sources and whether the item is part of the short or delayed cycle by matching : A. Carbon Source B. Carbon Sink C. Short D. Delayed A 30. Deforestation C 31 A_32. Volcanic eruptions C 33 _B 34. Forests C 35 A 36. Burning fossil fuels C 37 B 38. Shells and rocks _D 39 B 40. Deep ocean _B 42. Soil B 44. Oil deposits _A 46. Animals _B 48. Plants D 40 D 43 D 45 C 47 C 49

6 50. Why does carbon dioxide fluctuate in the summer and winter? Carbon Dioxide Levels

TAKE A LOOK 3. Complete Carbon dioxide in the air is used for. The Cycles of Matter continued

TAKE A LOOK 3. Complete Carbon dioxide in the air is used for. The Cycles of Matter continued CHAPTER 2 1 The Cycles of Matter SECTION Cycles in Nature BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Why does matter need to be recycled? How are water,