7th Grade PSI. Matter and Energy in Everyday Life. Slide 1 / 44. Slide 2 / 44. Slide 3 / 44. Table of Contents.

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1 Slide 1 / 44 Slide 2 / 44 7th Grade PSI Matter and Energy in Everyday Life Slide 3 / 44 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Formula Game Cellular Respiration Matter and Energy Flow

2 Slide 4 / 44 Photosynthesis Return to Table of Contents Energy for Life Slide 5 / 44 Where do you think all organisms on Earth get their energy? Do different organisms get energy from different places or do all organisms get energy from the same place? Brainstorm at your table. Energy for Life All organisms get their energy from the sun! How is this possible though? Isn't this giraffe getting its energy from the tree he is eating? Brainstorm at your table. Slide 6 / 44

3 Slide 7 / 44 Photosynthesis The sun's energy cannot be used by cells without some help. Photosynthesis is the process that makes the energy of sunlight usable for all living things. How do plants get the energy from the sun? Once you have come up with an idea, move the picture for the answer. Slide 8 / 44 Photosynthesis Many living things can perform photosynthesis: Plants Bacteria Algae Are there any animals who perform photosynthesis? Slide 9 / 44 Where does the energy for life come from? A Earth B The Sun C Food D Fossil Fuels 1

4 Slide 9 () / 44 Where does the energy for life come from? A Earth B The Sun C Food B D Fossil Fuels [This object is a pull tab] Slide 10 / 44 Photosynthesis Discovery Lab Complete Lab assignment according to teacher directions. Teacher Note 1 Check out this video about photosynthesis. Chemicals involved in Photosynthesis In addition to food, what do plants provide to us which we (and the fish in this picture) need? Slide 11 / 44

5 Slide 12 / 44 Chemicals involved in Photosynthesis Water: H2O Carbon Dioxide: CO2 Oxygen: O2 Glucose: C6H12O6 Glucose is sugar, a complex carbohydrate containing carbon. The individual molecules of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are joined together to make this molecule. 2 Slide 13 / 44 What chemical is not part of the photosynthesis process? A carbon dioxide B water C glucose D carbon monoxide E oxygen What chemical is not part of the photosynthesis process? A carbon dioxide B water C glucose 2 D D carbon monoxide E oxygen [This object is a pull tab] Slide 13 () / 44

6 Slide 14 / 44 Plant Cell Review In the last chapter, we learned about cells and organelles. At your table, think back and come up with a list of some cell characteristics and organelles which are specific to plants alone. Be ready to give an example to the class! Slide 15 / 44 Reactants for Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves of plants and in the chloroplasts. The pigment chlorophyll, which makes leaves green and is found inside the chloroplasts, collects the energy of sunlight. The roots collect water and the stomata of the leaves collect CO2. These two materials are called the reactants. Slide 16 / 44 3 Which of the following are used in Photosynthesis? (select all that apply) B Water C Hydrogen D Carbon Dioxide A Sunlight

7 Slide 16 () / 44 3 Which of the following are used in Photosynthesis? (select all that apply) B Water C Hydrogen A Sunlight A B D D Carbon Dioxide [This object is a pull tab] Slide 17 / 44 4 Which plant parts are used in the collection of raw materials for photosynthesis? A chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum B mitochondria and golgi body C leaves and nucleus D chloroplast and stomata 4 Which plant parts are used in the collection of raw materials for photosynthesis? A chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum B mitochondria and golgi body D C leaves and nucleus D chloroplast and stomata [This object is a pull tab] Slide 17 () / 44

8 Slide 18 / 44 Photosynthesis is a multi-step process Step 1: Collection of raw materials (sunlight energy, water, carbon dioxide). Step 1 is called the light dependent reactions. Step 2: Processing of the raw materials to form glucose and oxygen. This step is called the Calvin Cycle, which is also known as the light independent or dark reactions. Slide 19 / 44 The Calvin Cycle The Calvin Cycle occurs when the molecules of carbon dioxide and water are taken apart, rearranged and recombined using the energy in sunlight to make glucose and oxygen. The Calvin Cycle is named for Melvin Calvin, who in 1937 alongside his colleagues at the University of California, discovered the process. Slide 20 / 44 5 What is the name of the cycle that is also known as the light independent reactions? B Photosynthesis Cycle C Hobbes Cycle D Respiration Cycle A Calvin Cycle

9 5 What is the name of the cycle that is also known as the light independent reactions? Slide 20 () / 44 A Calvin Cycle B Photosynthesis Cycle C Hobbes Cycle A D Respiration Cycle [This object is a pull tab] Why is the Calvin Cycle also called the Dark Reaction? Slide 21 / 44 It is not really dark! It can happen anytime of the day, but does not require light to work. Slide 22 / 44 Equation for Photosynthesis Drag and drop the reactants and products into the correct place in the equation. + Water Glucose + Carbon Dioxide Oxygen

10 Slide 23 / 44 Equation for Photosynthesis The process can be simplified into the following equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight C6H12O2 + 6O2 The equation above contains 6 carbon molecules, 12 hydrogen molecules, and 18 molecules in both the reactants and products. They have just been regrouped into different compounds. Slide 24 / 44 Learn more about photosynthesis and formulas by playing this game. Teacher Note Photosynthesis Formula Game Return to Table of Contents Slide 25 / 44 6 What are the products of Photosynthesis? B Glucose and Oxygen C Carbon Dioxide and Glucose D Water and Oxygen A Water and Carbon Dioxide

11 6 What are the products of Photosynthesis? Slide 25 () / 44 A Water and Carbon Dioxide B Glucose and Oxygen C Carbon Dioxide and Glucose B D Water and Oxygen [This object is a pull tab] Slide 26 / 44 Overall Idea: Photosynthesis Glucose is used by the cell immediately or stored for growth or later use. The oxygen is released as a waste product, it leaves through the stomata. This is good news because humans and many other animals rely on this oxygen! The process of Photosynthesis has stored the energy of sunlight for later use! Slide 27 / 44 Set Sail for the Island of Photosynthesis Project Please use lab sheets to complete this assignment.

12 Slide 28 / 44 Cellular Respiration Return to Table of Contents Slide 29 / 44 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and respiration have a special relationship. In animals, breathing is also known as respiration. Our cells also need to breathe. What do you think the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration is? Cellular Respiration Human and other animals do not photosynthesize. Instead, our cells perform a process called Cellular Respiration This happens in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. Slide 30 / 44

13 Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Slide 31 / 44 In photosynthesis, plants take in water and carbon dioxide and produce glucose and oxygen. In order for cellular respiration to occur, cells need to take in this glucose (sugar), which is collected through food. Glucose (food) The cells also need this oxygen, which is collected by lungs, gills, or other similar structures. Oxygen Slide 32 / 44 Cellular Respiration Our cells turn these reactants into water and carbon dioxide, which coincidentally is needed by photosynthetic organisms! In this process, our cells also release energy. This means that cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction. H O water H Glucose (food) C O O Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Energy Slide 33 / 44 Equation for Cellular Respiration Drag and drop the reactants and products into the correct place in the equation. + Water + + Energy Glucose Carbon Dioxide Oxygen

14 Slide 34 / 44 Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP This equation has 18 molecules of oxygen, 12 molecules of hydrogen and 6 molecules of carbon on both sides of the equation. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the source of power in the cell. Slide 35 / 44 Cellular Respiration Molecular Model Activity Slide 36 / 44 How does the formula for Cellular respiration relate to the formula for Photosynthesis? Work together with your game boards from the Photosynthesis Formula game to complete the Venn Diagram in your class work section.

15 Slide 37 / 44 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Relationship These two processes are opposites. The products of one are the raw materials of the other. Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are then used by Cellular Respiration to release energy, carbon dioxide and water. Slide 38 / 44 Fill in the blanks Photosynthesis Plants Produce: and oxygen Plants Use: and Water Cell Cell Animals Use glucose and Cellular Respiration Slide 39 / 44 What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? A There is no relationship B They are identical C They are very similar, but not identical D They are opposite processes 7 Animals Produce: Carbon Dioxide and

16 What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? Slide 39 () / 44 A There is no relationship 7 B They are identical D C They are very similar, but not identical D They are opposite processes [This object is a pull tab] Slide 40 / 44 Matter and Energy Flow Return to Table of Contents Slide 41 / 44 Matter and Energy Flow Now that we know how Photosynthesis and Respiration work together, let's think about how this system flows... Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

17 Slide 42 / 44 Complete the chart below Energy STORED Glucose and Oxygen RELEASED Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide RELEASED Slide 43 / 44 8 How does energy flow through the cycle of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? B Energy is stored by Photosynthesis and released by Cellular Respiration A Energy is stored and never released C Energy is released by Photosynthesis and stored by Cellular Respiration D Energy is released by Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 8 How does energy flow through the cycle of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? A Energy is stored and never released B Energy is stored by Photosynthesis and released B by Cellular Respiration C Energy is released by Photosynthesis and stored by Cellular Respiration [This object is a pull tab] D Energy is released by Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Slide 43 () / 44

18 Draw your own Chart of matter and energy flow Include: All materials and the amounts of each A plant An animal All terms Where energy is stored Where energy is released/ reused Slide 44 / 44