Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

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1 Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

2 Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy get their energy from eating others eat food = other organisms = make energy through get their energy from self make energy through

3 Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water + energy glucose + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 energy + This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story

4 Chemical Energy and ATP Energy can be found in many forms The chemical fuel used by cells to store and release energy is ATP is made of adenine, ribose (carbohydrate) and three phosphate groups

5 Storing Energy is a compound like ATP with one less When a cell has energy available, it can store small amounts of energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP

6 Releasing Energy Energy stored in ATP is released by breaking the bonds between the Cells use ATP to power activities like ADP is like a battery, while ATP is like a fully charged battery ready to do work.

7 ATP ATP is not good for storing large amounts of energy long-term. Cells only have a small amount of ATP (enough to last for a few seconds) Cells generate ATP from like

8 Check Point What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

9 Photosynthesis using pictures

10 How do plants live? collect sun energy make ATP use ATP for energy use CO 2 as carbon for new sugars build sugars glucose, cellulose, starch build all other organic molecules proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA store energy for future use starch in seeds & roots

11 Photosynthesis Actually 2 separate reactions use sunlight make energy (ATP) use ATP use CO 2 make sugars (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) ADP Energy building reactions Sugar building reactions sun ATP CO 2 sugar

12 Light and Pigments Plants absorb the sun s energy with light absorbing molecules called The plant s main pigment is called Chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet, and red light and reflects green light Chlorophyll is found in the of plant cells

13 Leaf Chloroplasts Leaf CO 2 Chloroplasts Chloroplast Chlorophyll

14 Reactions of Photosynthesis

15 Reactions of photosynthesis Take place in the chloroplast Photosynthetic membranes called contain clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments called Space outside the thylakoid membranes Granum is a stack of thylakoids

16 Energy Building Reactions H 2 O + light ATP O energy + 2 sunlight H 2 O Energy Building Reactions ATP O 2

17 Light Reactions Require Produce and 1.Light strikes chlorophyll 2. in chlorophyll absorb the energy from the light 3.Excited electrons are passed to NADP + 4.Electrons are passed to the which is a series of molecules in the thylakoid membrane

18 Light reactions 5. As electrons are passed from one molecule in the ETC to the next they give off energy, which is used to make ATP 6. Electrons lost by are replaced by splitting water, a process called

19 Sugar Building Reactions CO 2 + ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + ADP ADP ATP CO 2 Sugar Building Reactions sugars C 6 H 12 O 6

20 Sugar Building Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Don t require Uses from the light reactions to make The Calvin cycle uses molecules of to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule

21 Factor Affecting Photosynthesis 1. A shortage of can slow or stop photosynthesis 2. : photosynthesis depends on enzymes that work best between O C and 35 C. Temperatures out of this range may damage the enzymes and slow photosynthesis. 3. Intensity of : increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis

22 Putting it all together CO 2 + H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 O energy + 2 sunlight H 2 O Energy Building Reactions ADP ATP CO 2 Sugar Building Reactions O 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6

23 So what does a plant need? Bring In Let Out Move Around leaves roots shoot 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 6O energy + 2

24 Leaf Structure photosynthesis O 2 H 2 O CO 2 O 2 H 2 O CO 2

25 Stomates guard cell stomate

26

27 Xylem

28 Phloem: food-conducting cells

29 Putting it all together Making a living leaves = solar collectors photosynthesis stomates = gases in & out roots take in water from soil pulled up by leaf evaporation roots take in from soil

30 How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water + energy glucose + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 6O energy + 2

31 Energy cycle sun Photosynthesis CO 2 H 2 O O 2 Cellular Respiration The Great Circle of Life! Where s Mufasa? ATP

32 The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material air Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun

33 Any Questions??

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