Plant Identification Tips and Resources
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1 Plant Identification Tips and Resources Tips from a non-botanist naturalist April, 2015 Bill Dodd <billdodd@gmail.com>
2 Agenda Why learn to identify plants? Field guides Reference books Identification pro tips Online resources Mobile apps Advanced Training Societies, organizations, etc. Volunteer opportunities Specialized topics
3 Why learn to identify plants? Lots of volunteer ops involve plant ID Plant surveys Invasive species mapping/removal Leading interpretive hikes Birding: It's in the top of the 3rd cedar elm from the left Insect ID: Know the plant a caterpillar is munching and you've greatly narrowed down the insect choices Understand the ecosystem: geology soils plant communities birds/insects/mammals that consume the plants
4 Field Guides Flowers Woody plants Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country Marshall Enquist Native & Naturalized Woody Plants of Austin & the Hill Country Brother Daniel Lynch Grasses Grasses of the Texas Hill Country Brian & Shirley Loflin
5 Field Guides, Take 2 Flowers Wildflowers of Texas Geyata Ajilvsgi Woody plants Trees, Shrubs, and Vines of the Texas Hill Country Jan Wrede Grasses Common Texas Grasses: An Illustrated Guide Frank W. Gould
6 Pro Tip Having trouble finding one of these? Find it at the Wildflower Center Gift Shop!
7 Reference Books The Bible of Texas Plants Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas Correll and Johnston Shinners and Mahler's Flora of North Central Texas Diggs, Lipscomb and O'Kennon
8 Pro Tip Use a key for plant identification! Don't be afraid of using a key. With a little practice and patience, you will find them very useful. The key in the Brother Lynch book is a good one for the layman to start learning from. In the reference books, generally a key for each family and a key for each genus.
9 Pro Tip Learn to recognize plants by family! Once you narrow to family, a lot less plants to search through in your field guide. It is common for a key to start at the family. First key will get you from family to genus. Then jump to the genus key to get to species.
10 Plant Families Floral Formulas Family Sepals Petals Symmetry Stamens Carpels Ovary Lamiaceae (Mint) 5 5 bilateral 2 or 4 2 hypogynous (superior) Onagraceae (Primrose) 4 4 radial 8 4 epigynous (inferior) * Image from
11 Books on Plant Families Flo Oxley recommends these in her taxonomy classes Vascular Plant Families James Payne Smith, Jr. Guide to Flowering Plant Families Wendy Zomlefer
12 Pro Tip Always carry a loupe or magnifier in the field! A 10x hastings triplet is small, lightweight and excellent optical quality. Very useful for counting stamens in a flower, seeing tiny hairs on a leaf surface or discovering the miniature world of lichens and mosses.
13 Pro Tip Other tools to carry in the field Digital camera to document and aid in identification back at home (prefer point-andshoot over phone better macro) Ruler with mm markings many keys will specify dimension ranges
14 Online Resources Wildflower Center Native Plant Database USDA Plants Database Google web search and image search Image Archive of Central Texas Plants (BIO 406D) BRIT Digital Herbarium
15 Take advantage of the Combination Search options
16 Mobile Apps Audubon Wildflowers Wildflowers of Central Texas (George also has apps for North, East, South And West Texas) BRIT Guide to Texas Range and Pasture Plants
17 Mobile Apps Texas Invaders inaturalist
18 Advanced Training Taxonomy classes by Flo Oxley Wildflower Center Go Native U Wildflower Center symposiums, lectures, etc. NPSOT chapter meetings (Austin, Wilco, etc.) and yearly state meeting
19 Societies, organizations, etc. Native Plant Society of Texas (NPSOT) Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT) Native Prairies Association of Texas (NPAT)
20 Volunteer Opportunities Invasive Species Removal - City of Austin Wildlands - contact Amanda Ross, Amanda.Ross@austintexas.gov, Invasive Species Mapping - ANSC Biodiversity Survey - contact Melissa Macdougall, melissa.jane.mac@gmail.com, Seed Savers Sorting - contact Ladye Anne, Ladye.Anne@keepaustinbeautiful.org Vegetation Surveys - Wildflower Center - contact Carrie McDonald, cmcdonald@wildflower.org, Wildflower Center Fauna Project - contact Val Bugh, larvalbug@att.net NPSOT Williamson County plant surveys
21 Specialized topics - Ferns Texas has 127 native fern and lycophyte species, more than any other state in the continental US! (Florida has 113) East Texas: 62 species Edwards Plateau: 63 species Trans-Pecos: 80 species The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas Diggs and Lipscomb
22 Lichens Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up from members of 2 or 3 kingdoms. The dominant partner is a fungus. These lichenized fungi partner with an algae or cyanobacteria (sometimes both!) that can produce food by photosynthesis. Lichens of North America Brodo, Sharnoff & Sharnoff
23 Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts and hornworts Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses Robin Wall Kimmerer Common Mosses of the Northeast and Appalachians McKnight, Rohrer, Ward, et al.
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Common Name: LARGE-LEAF GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS Scientific Name: Parnassia grandifolia A.P. de Candolle Other Commonly Used Names: bigleaf grass-of-parnassus, limeseep parnassia, undine Previously Used Scientific
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Botany 4 Herbalist. Part 2 Using the Key. How to Use the Keys
Botany 4 Herbalist Part 2 Using the Key How to Use the Keys As can be seen in the reading, even though plant identification and classification can be very useful for a herbalist, many of the reforming
Plants can be either herbaceous or woody.
Plant Structure Plants can be either herbaceous or woody. Herbaceous plants are plants with growth which dies back to the ground each year, in contrast with woody plants Most herbaceous plants have stems