Wydruk roboczy do korekty autorskiej

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1 URBAN FAUNA Studies of animal biology, ecology and conservation in European cities Piotr Indykiewicz, Leszek Jerzak, Jörg Böhner, Brendan Kavanagh (eds.) UTP Bydgoszcz 2011 Bogusław Soszyński 1, Agnieszka Soszyńska-Maj 2 1 Field Center of Ecological Education and Culture, Okólna 183, PL Łódź, Poland eusosz@retsat1.com.pl 2 University of Łódź, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, PL Łódź, Poland agasosz@biol.uni.lodz.pl Wydruk roboczy do korekty autorskiej The significance of the Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Łódź (Poland) Abstract: The authors present results of over 40 years of investigation on the Syrphidae fauna in the Lublinek Range, the second biggest municipal forest in Łódź. A list of 100 species of Syrphidae is presented, corresponding to 25% of the Polish fauna,together with detailed phenological data, categories of threat, status of species in the study area, the species biology, occurrence in Łódź, and a zoogeographical classification. Eight species from the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland were found in the study site. Four aquatic saprophagous species from the genus Eristalis were recorded in Lublinek for the last time 40 years ago (E. cryptarum) and 20 years ago (E. obscura, E. picea, E. similis). These taxa were recognized as locally extinct probably due to lowering the groundwater level, as a result of anthropogenic pressure and long-lasting drought in years Key words: Species list, flies, fauna of Łódź Introduction The family of hoverflies (Syrphidae) is one of the six most numerous dipteran families in Poland, comprising ca. 400 species (Soszynski 2007). Larvae of these flies vary widely in their biology. Most species are aphid feeders (zoophages), while others include herbivores, specialized in feeding on a single plant species (phytophages), and mycophages as well as aquatic and terrestrial saprophages, with a large group of saproxylic species, feeding on decaying wood. Some species live in root holes in live trees, some are coprophages, and a few parasitize wasps or live in ant nests (van Veen 2004). In our country the family is a well studied group (Soszyński & Śliwiński 1980, Soszyński 2007), probably because of their attractive appearance, relatively large size of the flies and easily accessed habitat, i. e. imagines are usually flower visitors and pollinators. Those 275

2 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj characteristics make them easy to catch even for amateurs. Due to the diverse biology of hoverfly larvae, they can be used as a bioindicators, especially saproxylobiontic species, of which 65 species inhabit Poland and are indicators of forests quality (Soszyńska-Maj et al. 2009). In Central Poland the family Syrphidae was well studied in the Wzniesienia Łódzkie Landscape Park (Soszyński et al. 2010). Among Polish cities, only the howerfly faunas of Warsaw (Bańkowska 1981) and Łódź were already summarised. In Łódź, the data are from Polesie Konstantynowskie NR (25 species, Soszyński & Śliwiński 1980), Łagiewnicki Forest (166 spec.; Soszyński et al. 2010), the botanical garden (68 spec.; Kowalczyk 1996, Kowalczyk & Kurzac 2003), and single observations from various city parks (Kowalczyk & Watała 1991). The Lublinek Range has not been the subject of any published faunistic investigation yet, with the exception of a study on weevil beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) (Wanat 1987). The aim of the present paper is to provide a list of Syrphidae of the second biggest forest in Łódź and to prove the significance of forest areas and mosaic habitats for preserving the diversity of flies in an urbanized area. Material and methods The investigation in the Lublinek Range has been carried out from the end of 1960s until now. Flies were collected using an entomological sweep net, while meadows and grasslands were explored using an entomological net. Syrphidae were collected from the beginning of March to the end of September, with different intensity in particular years. Names of the species are used according to Fauna of Poland (Soszyński 2007). Study area The Lublinek Range (UTM: CC83) is the second biggest municipal forest area in Łódź, after the Łagiewnicki Forest. Lublinek covers an area of over 86 ha and is situated on the south-western outskirts of the town. On the north and east it borders the Retkinia housing estate, on the south-east the W. Reymont Airport, while the western and north-western part of this range is surrounded by meadows, fields and open areas of the Ner river basin. The Lublinek Forest is an unusual site due to its diverse habitats, from marshes and marshy meadows surrounded by forest up to very dry sandy xerothermic grasslands. On the area of the Lublinek Range, five forest communities are found: alder carr Ribeso nigri- Alnetum, dry-ground forest Tilio-Carpinetum, humid coniferous forest Molinio-Pinetum, mixed coniferous forest Querco roboris-pinetum, and cup-moss coniferous forest Leucobryo-Pinetum (Mańkowska 2007). 276

3 The significance of the Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies... Results As a result of the investigation 100 species of Syrphidae were identified. A list of these species with detailed phenological data, categories according to the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland (Palaczyk et al. 2002), status of species in the study area, the species biology, occurrence in Łódź (Kowalczyk 1996, Kowalczyk & Kurzac 2003,Kowalczyk & Watała 1991, Soszyński et al. 2010), and zoogeographical classification is presented in Table 1. Table 1. List of Syrphidae from the Lublinek Range in Łódź RL Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland, Łódź presence based on literature, ŁF Łagiewniki Forest (Soszyński et al. 2010), date of last statement, Z zoophagous, F phytophagous, SA aquatic saprophagous, ST terrestrial saprophagous; ZE zoogeographical element, B boreal, BM boreal-mountain, E eastern, S southern, ~ widespread. Species Phenology III IV V VI VII VIII IX RL Łódź ŁF Status Biology ZE Anasimyia lineata (Fabricius, 1787) x - + SA ~ Baccha elongata (Fabricius, 1775) Ceriana conopsoides x + + rare ST ~ Chalcosyrphus valgus (Gmelin, 1790) x + + ST ~ Cheilosia albipila Meigen, 1838 x x - + F ~ C. albitarsis (Meigen, 1822) x x - + F ~ C. bergenstammi (Becker, 1894) x - + F ~ C. fraterna (Meigen, 1830) x - + rare F ~ C. frontalis Loew, 1857 x - + rare F ~ C. grossa (Fallén, 1817) x NT + + rare F ~ C. impressa Loew, 1840 x - + F ~ C. pagana C. pubera (Zetterstedt, 1838) x x - + F ~ C. urbana (Meigen, 1822) x 277

4 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj C. variabilis (Panzer, 1798) x - + F ~ C. velutina Loew, 1840 x - + F ~ C. vernalis (Fallén, 1817) x C. vicina (Zetterstedt, 1849) x - - rare F ~ C. vulpina Chrysogaster solstitialis (Fallén, 1817) x - + SA ~ Chrysotoxum cautum (Harris, 1776) x - - Z ~ C. festivum x x Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallén,1817) D. hilaris (Zetterstedt, 1843) x D. tricinctus (Fallén, 1817) D. venustus x Epistrophe eligans (Harris, 1780) E. melanostoma (Zetterstedt, 1843) E. nitidicollis x x E. ochrostoma x VU - - (Zetterstedt, 1849) Z B Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) E. cinctellus (Zetterstedt, 1843) Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) x x + + SA ~ E. sepulchralis x x + + SA ~ Eristalis arbustorum x x x + + SA ~ E. cryptarum x EN - - (Fabricius, 1794) SA BM E. interrupta (Poda, 1761) x x x - + SA ~ 278

5 The significance of the Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies... E. intricaria x x x + + SA ~ E. lineata (Harris, 1776) x x + + SA ~ E. obscura Loew, 1866 x SA B E. pertinax (Scopoli, 1763) x x + + SA ~ E. picea (Fallén, 1817) x SA B E. similis (Fallén, 1817) x SA ~ E. tenax x + + SA ~ Eumerus strigatus (Fallén, 1817) Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794) x E. lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838) E. latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829) E. luniger x x Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1846 x x x - + SA ~ H. pendulus x x + + SA ~ H. trivittatus (Fabricius, 1805) x + + SA ~ Heringia pubescens (Delucchi and Pschorn, 1955) x x - - Z ~ H. vitripennis x Leucozona lucorum x Mallota megilliformis x NT - - (Fallén, 1817) ST B M. tricolor Loew, 1871 x x VU ST E Melangyna quadrimaculata Verrall, 1873 x + + rare Z BM M. triangulifera (Zettertedt, 1843) Melanogaster aerosa (Loew, 1843) x - + SA ~ 279

6 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj Melanostoma mellinum x + + Z S Merodon avidus (Rossi, 1790) M. equestris (Fabricius, 1794) Myathropa florea (Linnaeus, 1758) x x + + ST ~ Neoascia podagrica x - + (Fabricius, 1775) SA ~ N. tenur (Harris, 1780) x x - + SA ~ Parasyrphus nigritarsis x VU - - (Zettertedt, 1843) Z ~ P. punctulatus (Verrall, 1873) Parhelophilus frutetorum (Fabricius, 1775) x - + SA ~ P. versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) x + + SA ~ Pipiza bimaculata Meigen, 1822 x P. festiva Meigen, 1822 P. lugubris (Fabricius, 1775) Pipizella viduata Platycheirus albimanus (Fabricius, 1781) P. angustatus (Zetterstedt, 1843) P. clypeatus P. fulviventris (Macquart, 1829) x - - rare Z ~ P. peltatus (Meigen, 1822) x P. scutatus (Meigen, 1822) x Pyrophaena granditarsa (Forster, 1771) x - - rare Z ~ P. rosarum (Fabricius, 1787) x Rhingia campestris Meigen, 1822 x x + + ST ~ 280

7 The significance of the Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies... Scaeva pyrastri S. selenitica Sericomyia silentis (Harris, 1776) Sphaerophoriabatava Goeldlin, 1974 S. scripta S. taeniata Sphaerophoria virgata Goeldlin, 1974 Syritta pipiens Syrphus ribesii S. torvus Osten-Sacken, 1875 Syrphus vitripennis Meigen, 1822 Temnostoma vespiforme Triglyphus primus Loew, 1840 Volucella bombylans V. pellucens Xylota florum (Fabricius, 1805) X. segnis x DD SA ~ x x x x x - - rare Z ~ x x + + ST ~ x x x x x x DD + + rare ST ~ x x x x x - + ST ~ x x + + ST ~ Hoverflies were collected in the area of Lublinek Range during the entire vegetation season, from early March to late September. The peak of the activity was in May and June. Single species were caught already in early spring on willow blossoms Melangyna quadrimaculata and Epistrophe nitidicollis. Most Syrphidae from the Lublinek Forest, i. e. 92 species, may be classified as widespread. Eight taxa are other zoogeographical elements, including four boreal species, and two boreal-mountain taxa are single species of eastern and southern range. 281

8 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj Eight species of Syrphidae collected in the Lublinek Forest are included in the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland (Palaczyk et al. 2002). One of them, Eristalis cryptarum belonging to the category EN (Endangered), has a boreal-mountain range and its larvae are aquatic saprophages. It was recorded in Lublinek for the last time in May 1969, thereason why it was recognized as extinct now in this area and in Central Poland.The occurrence of two other zoophagous species from the Red List (category VU), Epistrophe ochrostoma and Parasyrphus nigritarsis, had not been not confirmed in the vicinity of Łódź since the last statement. E. ochrostoma is worth to be mentioned as an interesting zoogeographical element of boreal range. The third species of the category UV, Mallota tricolor, an eastern zoogeographical element, is a terrestrial saprophage, with larvae developing in cavities of deciduous trees filled with water. Two taxa of the category NT (Near Threatened) were also recorded in the Lublinek Range, i. e. the phytophagous Cheilosia grossa and the terrestrial saprophage Mallota megilliforis, whose larvae also live in cavities of trees partly filled with water. 21 species of Syrphidae found in Lublinek belong to the category rare or locally extinct. Apart from the above mentioned Eristalis cryptarum, three other species (E. obscura, E. picea and E. similis) from the same genus were recorded for the last time in this area some 20 years ago. All these speciesdepend on water, because their larvae live in water and marshy areas, feeding on dead material and associated bacteria (van Veen 2004). Twelve species caught in the area of Lublinek Range have not been recorded from the Łagiewniki Forest (Soszyński et al. 2010). These include two already mentioned aquatic saprophages (E. cryptarum and E. picea), six species associated with marshy meadows (Cheilosia vicina, Epistrophe ochrostoma, Parasyrphus nigritarsis, Platycheirus fulviventris, Pyrophaena granditarsa and Sphaerophoria virgata), and four species living in marshy forests (Chrysotoxum cautum, Heringia pubescens, Mallota megilliformis and M. tricolor). These taxa are absent in the Łagiewniki Forest and in Łódź, with the exception of Eristalis picea, mentioned from the Polesie Konstantynowskie NR (Soszyński & Śliwiński 1980). Regarding the feeding biology of Syrphidae recorded in the Lublinek Forest, zoophagous species clearly predominated (49%), followed by aquatic saprophages (23%), phytophages (18%), and terrestrial saprophages (10%). Summary As a result of the presented investigation, eleven species of hoverflies caught in the area of the Lublinek Range have been recorded in Łódź for the first time. Due to a mosaic of habitats, with marshes and marshy meadows surrounded with forest, the Lublinek Range is a refuge for species of hoverflies with various preferences in the urbanized area of Łódź. Worth mentioning is especially a considerable amount of aquatic 282

9 The significance of the Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies... saprophages in the studied area. This ecological group of flies is extremely threatened in Poland (Soszyński et al. 2000). Unfortunately, as a result of anthropogenic pressure and deterioration of water regime, ten species whose larvae live in water or on marshy areas have not been observed in the study area for years. Dates of the last records of these species are presented in Table 1. Probably, the long-lasting drought in years , which caused a reduction in the number of many aquatic and marshy species, also affected the structure of the Syrphidae fauna in the Lublinek Forest. Bibliography Bańkowska R., 1981: Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of Warsaw and Mazovia. Memor. zool. 35: Kowalczyk J.K. 1996: Bezkręgowce lądowe Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi. [in:] Przyroda Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi. Łódź, Kowalczyk J.K., Kurzac T., 2003: Owady chronione, zagrożone i rzadkie Ogrodu Botanicznego w Łodzi. Biul. ogrod. botan. 12: Kowalczyk J.K., Watała C., 1991: Interesujące muchówki (Diptera: Syrphidae, Conopidae) Łodzi i okolicy. Przeg. zool. 34(3-4): Kurowski J.K., 1996: Rezerwaty regionu łódzkiego. ZO Ligi Ochrony Przyrody, Eko-Wynik, Łódź. Mańkowska D., 2007: Lasy zachodniego obrzeża Łodzi i ich znaczenie dla miasta. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź, manuskrypt rozprawy doktorskiej. Palaczyk A., Soszyński B., Klasa A., Bystrowski C., Mikołajczyk W., Krzemiński W., 2002: Diptera Muchówki. [in:] Z. Głowaciński (ed.) Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland. Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków, Soszyńska-Maj A., Soszyński B., Klasa A., 2009: Distribution and ecology of the saproxylic hoverfly Chalcosyrphus eunotus (Loew, 1873) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Poland.Fragm. faun. 52(2): Soszyński B., 2007: Bzygowate (Syrphidae). [in:] W. Bogdanowicz, E. Chudzicka, I. Pilipiuk, E. Skibińska (eds). Fauna of Poland. Characteristics and checklist of species. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 2: , Soszyński B., Palaczyk A. and Krzemiński W., 2000: Zagrożenia i perspektywy ochrony muchówek (Diptera) w Polsce. Wiad. entomol. 18, Supl.2: Soszyński B., Śliwiński Z., 1980: Uwagi o entomofaunie rezerwatu Polesie Konstantynowskie. Chrońmy Przyr. ojcz.: 36(5): Soszyński B., Soszyńska-Maj A., Kowalczyk K, 2010: Bzygowate (Diptera, Syrphidae). [in:]: R. Jaskuła, G. Tończyk (eds) Owady (Insecta) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesień Łódzkich. Dyrekcja PKWŁ, M-ŚTO, Łódź: Wanat, M., 1987: Ryjkowce (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Łodzi. Acta Univ. Lodz., Folia zool. anthropol., 5: van Veen M.P., 2004: Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. Identification keys to the Syrphidae. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht. 283