6 th International Symposium on the Syrphidae 5-7 th August 2011 The Hunterian (Zoology Museum), Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow

Transcription

1 6 th International Symposium on the Syrphidae 5-7 th August 2011 The Hunterian (Zoology Museum), Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow Organisers: Stuart Ball, Francis Gilbert, Geoff Hancock, Roger Morris & Graham Rotheray

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3 Introduction and welcome We welcome you to the 6 th International Symposium on the Syrphidae in Glasgow. We are delighted to see such a range of talks and posters at this meeting from all interest groups. Previous meetings have taken place in Stuttgart (2001), Alicante (2003), Leiden (2005), Siikaranta (2007) and Fruška gora, Novia Sad (2009). The main objective of these meetings is to bring together people who work on syrphids from all over the world, at whatever level (experts, specialists, students, interested amateurs) to meet, make friends, discuss issues, develop collaborations, and above all, generate a sense of community among syrphid enthusiasts. In our opinion, these objectives have been more than fulfilled since the first meeting ten years ago. Today, the level of international collaboration is immeasurably higher than at that time, and the average quality of the research has increased accordingly. Great progress has been made in many issues, especially phylogeny, but also basic natural history and many many other issues. In the coming years we think it will become more and more important to speak with one voice on issues such as biodiversity loss and global warming, to ensure that the environmental and ecological roles of hoverflies are taken into account by decision makers everywhere. The syrphid community is in an excellent position to play this role, and these symposia have contributed a great deal to make that possible. We would like to thank the following for their support in making this meeting possible: British Entomological & Natural History Society, Dipterists Forum, Glasgow Natural History Society, The Malloch Society & the Samuel Wendell Williston Diptera Research Fund The organisers: Stuart Ball, Francis Gilbert, Geoff Hancock, Roger Morris & Graham Rotheray

4 Participants Jelena Acanski Malcolm Aldridge Raki Almohamad Stuart Ball Aat Barendregt Anatolii Barkalov Hannah Cornish Dieter Docksal Malcolm Edmunds Cathy Fiedler Ljubinka Francuski Maarten de Groot Francis Gilbert Catalina Gutiérrez Jiri Hadrava Geoff Hancock Brian Harding John Heal Brigitte Howarth David Iliff Adrianna Kralikova Zdenek Janovsky Birgit Jauker Frank Jauker Nigel Jones Andy Jukes Pavel Laska Michelle Locke Jasmina Ludoski Uttaran Maiti Maria-Angeles Marcos Garcia Nathan Medd Ximo Mengual Michael Mikat Augusto Montoya Mirian Morales Roger Morris

5 Valerie Mutin Zorica Nedeljskovic Tore R Nielsen John O'Sullivan Anezka Pavlikova Grigory Popov Javier Quinto Snezana Radenkovic Menno Reemer Antonio Ricarte-Sabater Ioan Rosca Ellen Rotheray Graham Rotheray Asif Sajjad Suleyman Saribiyik Karsten Schoenrogge John Showers Jeff Skevington Vera Skurikhina Gillian Smart Malcolm Smart Smiljka Simic John Smit Daniele Sommaggio Martin Speight Axel Ssymank Gunilla Stahls Carmen Stanescu Wouter van Steenis Norman Storie Alan Stubbs Ante Vujic Bastiaan Wakkie Kenn Watt Geoff Wilkinson Rob Wolton valerimutin@mail.ru zoricaned@hotmail.com tore@nielsen.cc johnosullivan@tiscali.co.uk anezka.pavlikova@gmail.com mbu@yandex.ru javier.qnt@gmail.com snezana.radenkovic@dbe.uns.ac.rs menno.reemer@ncbnaturalis.nl ricarte24@gmail.com ioanrosca_usamv@yahoo.com e.l.rotheray@stir.ac.uk G.Rotheray@nms.ac.uk asifbinsajjad@gmail.com suleyman4606@gmail.com showersjohn@aol.com jeffrey.skevington@agr.gc.ca valerimutin@mail.ru gsmart@swt.org.uk malcolmsmart@talktalk.net smiljka.simic@dbe.uns.ac.rs zwever1774@gmail.com dsommaggio@tiscali.it speightm@gmail.com Axel.Ssymank@BfN.de gunilla.stahls@helsinki.fi carmenstanescu44@yahoo.com w.v.steenis@casema.nl norman.storie@rspb.org.uk Alan.Stubbs@buglife.org.uk ante.vujic@dbe.uns.ac.rs bwakkie@gmail.com hoverfly@aol.com Gwilkinson15@googl .com robertwolton@yahoo.co.uk

6 Programme 8.00 Registration 9.45 Welcome Friday am Global issues Francis Gilbert The concept of the genus Ximo Mengual Brave New World: systematics today and tomorrow. I International initiatives Ximo Mengual Brave New World: systematics today and tomorrow. II Flower flies as an exemplar taxon Graham Rotheray Trophic structures in larvae of Syrphidae coffee Biology Malcolm Edmunds Morph frequencies of Volucella bombylans P Hurtado Post-emergence ovarian development and female oviposition pattern in Eristalinus aeneus Rob Wolton Adult and larval behaviour of the ant-eating hoverfly, Microdon myrmicae Raki Almohamad Foraging and oviposition behaviour of the aphidophagous hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus: a multitrophic approach Friday pm Ellen Rotheray Restoring endangered hoverflies: case study of the pine Blera fallax and aspen Hammerschmidtia ferruginea hoverflies in Scotland Anežka Pavlíková What influences the activity of large hoverflies: individual plant traits or weather conditions? Daniele Sommaggio The impact of parasitoids on aphidophagous hoverflies Uttaran Maiti Evolution of Platycheirus tea Palaearctic & Oriental Asif Sajjad Seasonal variation in abundance and composition of hoverfly communities in Multan, Pakistan Anatolii Barkalov Hoverflies of the most northerly forest in the world

7 Saturday am Martin Speight 20 years of the Syrph the Net database Pavel Laska The Scaeva-like group of Eupeodes, and notes on this genus Zorica Nedeljkovic Chrysotoxum festivum: a species complex? Grigory Popov The type specimens of Syrphidae in Ukraine coffee Maarten de Groot Altitudinal differences in seasonal dynamics and species composition in hoverflies Masumeh Naderloo Taxonomic study of the hoverflies of Zanjan-rood river, Zanjan province, Iran Adrianna Kralikova Threatened hoverflies of the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy (SW Slovakia) Valeri Mutin Hoverflies of the eastern slope of the Sichote-Alin Range: biogeographical aspects Saturday pm New World Menno Reemer The taxonomy and phylogeny of Microdontinae Ximo Mengual Carmine cochineal killers: the flower fly genus Eosalpingogaster revised Antonio Ricarte Sabater The genus Copestylum: an updated review Mirian Morales Phylogeny of the Tribe Eristalini inferred by morphological characters. tea Catalina Gutiérrez-Chacón Syrphids in the coffee-growing region of the Columbian Andes: occurrence in relation to landscape context Jeff Skevington Canadian Flower Fly research - An update on recent Canpolin supported research Michelle Locke A Revision of Nearctic Dasysyrphus

8 Sunday am Mediterranean Gunilla Ståhls MtDNA COI haplotype distribution patterns in the Eastern Aegean area (Greece) Snezana Radenkovic Distribution of species from the Merodon ruficornis Meigen, 1822 group (Diptera: Syrphidae) Axel Ssymank Hoverfly fauna of the Rhodope Mountains with a focus on the Greek Natura 2000 site Periochi Elatia, Pyramis Koutra Javier Quinto Ecological networks in saproxylic communities of hoverflies in Mediterranean forests Coffee Suleyman Sarabiyik Check List of Turkish flower flies 36 Ljubinka Francuski The effect of inbreeding on genetic and phenotypic variation in Eristalis tenax populations 37 Jasmina Ludoski Delimitation of taxa of the Cheilosia longula group based on molecular markers and wing traits John Smit A survey of the hoverflies of Laguna Blanca Sunday pm Roger Morris Training a new generation of syrphidologists Stuart Ball Changing patterns of recorder behaviour in the British Hoverfly Recording Scheme Stuart Ball A European Red List 3.00 Closing remarks Sunday evening Monday dinner excursion

9 Posters 42 Rocco Amorós-Jiménez Influence of environmental factors and diet on the fitness of the predator Sphaerophoria rueppellii 43 Rocco Amorós-Jiménez Effect of a UV-deficient environment on the action of the predator Sphaerophoria rueppellii 44 Stuart Ball Enhanced depth-of-field photographs of specimens for illustrating identification guides 45 Hannah Cornish The collections and facilities available at the Natural History Museum 46 M Djurakic Pattern of static allometry in Chrysotoxum cautum, Epistrophe eligans and Eristalis tenax: geometric morphometric approach 47 Cathy Fiedler Aliens versus natives: competition for pollinators 48 Gil Goncalves Miranda Flower flies made easy: an open-access photographic key to the flower flies of North America 49 Nigel Jones Callicera rufa in lowland England 50 Andy Jukes Autecology and the conservation of Chalcosyrphus eunotus 51 Ana Martinez-Falcon The saprophagous syrphid-cactus network 52 Ana Martinez-Falcon A critical role for Copestylum larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in the decomposition of cactus forests 53 Nathan Medd The diurnal activity patterns of British hoverflies 54 Ximo Mengual Revision of the genus Citrogramma 55 Michael Mikat Spatial activity of several species of Eristalis and Helophilus 56 V Milankov Assessing spatial diversity in landscapegenetic study of Cheilosia longula, C. flavissima and C. scutellata from Finland 57 Augusto Montoya Faunistic diversity of flower flies in the Neotropical region 58 Augusto Montoya Altitudinal distribution and faunistic composition of Syrphidae in Colombia

10 59 Zorica Nedeljkovic Bases for the conservation of the saproxylic hoverflies from Serbia 60 Celeste Pérez-Bañón Comparison of the life cycles and larval morphology of Eristalis similis and Eristalis tenax: remarks about human-influenced Mediterranean habitats. 61 Javier Quinto Saproxylophagous insects in tree cavity microhabitats: the Syrphidae/Coleoptera/hollow interaction 62 Snezana Radenkovic The morphological characters of adults in the supra-specific classification of the genus Merodon 63 Santos Rojo Monophyly, interrelationships and proposals of subtribal delimitation in Eristalini: a molecular approach 64 Ioan Rosca The syrphid fauna of the corn agrobiocoenosis 65 John Showers Hoverwatch 66 Carmen Stanescu Vladimir Bradescu and his contribution to the study of the Syrphidae in Romania 67 Wouter van Steenis Syrphidae of the pre-conference trip in Serbia and Montenegro in Ante Vujic The West-Palaearctic species of genus Pipiza Fallén, 1810

11 Talks When talks have more than one author, the speaker is indicated by an asterisk (*) (1): The concept of the genus Francis Gilbert* 1 & James Gilbert 2 1 School of Biology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia francis.gilbert@nottingham.ac.uk, jdjgilbert@gmail.com Is the genus a natural group? Are other higher taxa natural groups? Or are they merely the accidental product of gradualistic speciation plus extinctions of connecting species over enormous periods of time? This question is associated with the continual re-emergence during the 20th century of the idea that there are modes of evolution other than gradualism, the gradual accumulation of small mutational changes. We discuss the idea that while speciation within genera occurs through gradualism, the establishment of a new genus may occur through one of the several mechanisms of genome evolution now known to be important. Following Lemen & Freeman (1984), we suggest that species within genera evolve by gradual modification of allometrically linked morphology, whilst new genera are established by chromosomal reorganisations that disrupt the allometric relationship and create a new one. We test this idea using syrphid morphological and chromosomal data.

12 (2): Brave New World: systematics today and tomorrow. I. International initiatives FC Thompson & X Mengual* Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA xelaalex@cox.net; xmengual@gmail.com The solitary endeavor of the past is rapidly becoming the team enterprise of the future. Yesterday Linnaeus worked alone in Uppsala. Tomorrow, we will work together everywhere. We review the emerging initiatives, which are arising and evolving to make this Brave New World. From the basic nomenclatural databases (Systema Dipterorum, Species2000 & ZooBank) and literature resources (Biodiversity Heritage Library) to character and specimen management tools and consolidators (GBIF, GenBank, MorphBank, Scratchpads, Vsyst), together these will allow for the ultimate dissemination of knowledge in online publications (ZooKeys) and the Encyclopedia of Life (EoL).

13 (3): Brave New World: systematics today and tomorrow II. Flower flies as an exemplar taxon Ximo Mengual* & Chris Thompson Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA The LifeDesks of the Flower flies will be presented. We propose to create authoritative EoL species pages for each distinctive species-group of Syrphidae based on typical species. LifeDesks provides a popular framework to disseminate the knowledge generated on Syrphidae systematics and phylogenetics and sources the Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) project. Scientists, taxonomy specialists and citizen-scientists will benefit from our LifeDesks, the perfect tool to make recent work in systematics readily available to the public. Each new species page has nomenclatural information, colour images, genetic and ecological notes and bibliography. One of the goals of this project is to stimulate and encourage contributions from citizen-scientists and taxonomists with images, text and references.

14 (4): Trophic structures in larvae of Syrphidae Graham E Rotheray National Museums of Scotland, 242 West Granton Road, Edinburgh EH5 1JA g.rotheray@nms.ac.uk From the perspective of the Cyclorrhapha, a range of larval feeding structures appear to originate within the Syrphoidea and contribute to the groundplan of the higher Cyclorrhapha, eg position of the mandible, divided labium, appearance of an oral cavity, etc. Based on observations of larval feeding, these features and their functional significance are discussed. But there are also features apparently unique to the Syrphoidea, such as the dorsal and lateral lips, and the structure/function of these are reviewed. Within the Syrphidae, distinctive sets of feeding structures relate to zoophagous, phytophagous and saprophagous feeding modes. When viewed against what is known of syrphid phylogeny, these structures correlate closely to the three subfamilies, with the notable exception of the Pipizini. Larval feeding structures are known in only a few microdontine species and analysis is therefore limited. Larval feeding structures are better known in the Syrphinae but they are remarkably uniform. Hence, if larval characters have been significant in intra-syrphine diversification, they belong to other systems. Brief mention is made of candidates in relation to locomotion and primary defence. Across the Eristalinae, larval feeding structures are diverse and may explain eristaline diversification. The physical properties of food appear to be a major determinant of larval feeding structures in eristalines. Brief mention is made of apparently convergent suites of structures that correlate to food that is either hard or soft and food that is either oily or watery.

15 (5): Batesian mimicry in the polymorphic hoverfly Volucella bombylans (Diptera, Syrphidae) Malcolm Edmunds* & Tom Reader A long term study of mimicry of bumblebees by Volucella bombylans at more than 20 sites in Britain has shown that the frequency of the common black and yellow morph plumata is significantly positively related to the frequency of black and yellow bumblebees (mainly Bombus terrestris, B. lucorum and B. hortorum). This supports the hypothesis that this morph gains protection through Batesian mimicry from its resemblance to these bumblebees. The frequency of the rarer red-tailed morph is positively related to the frequency of the red-tailed bumblebee Bombus lapidarius, but the relationship is not significant. However the frequency of this morph is significantly negatively related to the frequency of black and yellow bumblebees. These results and their implications for the presumed Batesian mimicry of the hoverfly will be discussed.

16 (6): Post-emergence ovarian development and female oviposition pattern in Eristalinus aeneus (Diptera:Syrphidae) P. Hurtado*, C. Pérez-Bañón & S. Rojo Instituto CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain As frequently occurs in other dipteran species, in saprophagous eristalines the ovaries of newly emerged females are in the early stages of oogenesis, and several days are required for maturation of the first egg batch. Ovarian development can be divided roughly into a previtellogenic stage of variable duration and a phase of rapid vitellogenesis and secretion of the chorionic layers. Both external and internal factors influence maturation of the first egg batch. External factors include temperature, photoperiod, adult feeding, the quality of adequate oviposition sites or reproductive behaviour. This study documented changes in the ovarian development of female Eristalinus aeneus under laboratory conditions. Adults were obtained from continuous rearing of laboratory colonies on appropriate media. The ovarian maturation process was studied over a ten-week period following adult emergence, and was classified into several developmental stages. For each stage, two morphometric characters were examined: length and width of ovary. The influence of two external factors, adult diet and reproductive state (virgin vs mated), was also analysed.

17 (7): Adult and larval behaviour of the ant-eating hoverfly, Microdon myrmicae Rob Wolton Locks Park Farm, Hatherleigh, Okehampton, Devon EX20 3LZ The scarce hoverfly Microdon myrmicae Schönrogge et al is frequent within suitable habitat patches in Devon, England. One of these patches is on the speaker s farm and over the last three years he has been able to make detailed observations of the behaviour of adults in the field, supplemented by observations of captive larvae. Adult M. myrmicae do not appear to feed and fly only during hot spells in the day, expending energy only to secure mates or, in the case of females, to lay their eggs. Males can live for up to 18 days in the field and females for 20 days in captivity. Both males and females can mate more than once, with no apparent sexual selection taking place. Mating lasts for 20 to 25 minutes. As with other species of Microdon, the larvae of M. myrmicae inhabit the nests of the ant Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, and perhaps other ant species of the same genus. Females can lay their eggs close to the surface of ant nests, but, apparently, sometimes actually enter the nests to do so. Eggs are probably laid in batches of up to three. Captive females can lay up to 120 eggs, so have the potential to lay eggs in many ant nests. While second and third instar larvae feed on ant larvae, the food of the first instar larvae, which are very different in appearance and behaviour, is not known. Observations strongly suggest that they are unlikely to feed on ant eggs, larvae or pupae. Ants appear indifferent to the presence of Microdon eggs or larvae, neither caring for them as they do their own brood nor recognising them as predators and attacking them. The ants tolerate the presence of the fly larvae right within their brood chambers, even though the fly larvae are vulnerable to attack, first instar larvae especially so.

18 (8): Foraging and oviposition behaviour of the aphidophagous hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus: a multitrophic approach Almohamad Raki Department of plant protection- Faculty of Agriculture University of Alfurat - Deir Ezzor- Syria, almohamad75@yahoo.fr Summary: The choice of the oviposition site by the predatory hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) may be crucial for offspring performance because the neonate larvae have limited dispersal ability. Selection of aphid patches should therefore reflect nutritional value, risk of predation and competition pressure. The aim of this work was to understand how hoverfly females assess aphid patch quality during their egg-laying behaviour. The impact of several factors on the oviposition response of E. balteatus females including host plant, aphid species, aphid colony size, semiochemicals emitted from aphids or their association with host plants and presence of intra- or interspecific competitors was clearly demonstrated during this research. In the first part, we have shown that E. balteatus females select their oviposition site according to aphid-host plant and aphid species, which is also shown to be related to offspring performance (fitness). Moreover, it was also demonstrated that foraging hoverfly females is guided by different infochemical cues emitted by aphid host plant, such as (E)-β-farnesene, enabling them to locate aphid infested plant and to select an adequate oviposition site. In the second part, results also showed that there was a significant quadratic relationship between the released (E)-β- farnesene amounts and aphid colony size, which means that this molecule play important role in oviposition decision made by hoverfly females in response to aphid colony size. In the third part, we have highlighted that the E. balteatus females avoid aphid colonies in which conspecific larvae or eggs and their tracks were already present. Similar response was also shown by females to the presence of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) larval tracks. This oviposition deterring stimulus was also shown to be mediated by odorant cues emitted from larval tracks extracts. It was also demonstrated that the foraging behaviour of hoverfly females was modified by the presence of parasitoids Aphidius ervi (Haliday) in aphid colonies. Females did not exhibit any preference for plants infested with unparasitized or parasitized

19 aphids for 7 days, but they are reluctant to lay eggs in response to the presence of mummies or their exuvia on broad bean plants. Keywords: Aphidophagous hoverflies, Episyrphus balteatus, foraging and oviposition behavior, host choice, prey patch quality, semiochemicals, intra- or interspesific competitors

20 (9): Restoring endangered hoverflies: case study of the pine Blera fallax and aspen Hammerschmidtia ferruginea hoverflies in Scotland Ellen Rotheray Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK Conserving these endangered, saproxylic hoverflies requires a detailed understanding of their requirements, ecology and behaviour. Only based on such data can techniques to halt decline and instigate recovery be identified and promoted to land owners and managers. The larva of H. ferruginea develops in wet, decay under bark of dead and dying aspen, while that of B. fallax develops in wet, decaying roots and basal rot-pockets of pine. For both species, the quality and quantity of breeding habitat is a major factor limiting recovery. Since 2003, attempts to create and insure continuity of breeding habitat have been ongoing. In addition, for the past three years, detailed investigation into adult and larval requirements has uncovered critical new data for developing management protocols for these flagship species, which are among the first hoverflies anywhere to be the target of tailored conservation action. These discoveries and prospects for their successful conservation will be discussed.

21 (10): What influences the activity of large hoverflies: individual plant traits or weather conditions? Janovský Z 1, Pavlíková A* 2, Říhová D 3, Mikát M 3, Vosolsobě S 4 & Ponert JH 4, Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Dept. of Experimental Plant Biology, Fac. of Sci., Charles University in Prague Prague Botanical Garden zdenekjanovsky@seznam.cz, michael.mikat@gmail.com The pollination activity of hoverflies within a meadow depends in general on two factors (i) actual weather conditions and (ii) floral traits of plants they visit. We investigated the interplay between these two groups of factors in areas of our study sites with mono-dominant flowering stands of Succisa pratensis. We observed activity of our focal hoverfly species (Eristalis tenax, E. interruptus and Helophilus trivittatus with minor proportion of H. pendulus) on different individuals of S. pratensis. Besides floral traits we also recorded mean solar radiation and wind speed for the 10-minute observation blocks. We conducted our research in three successive years on two sites. The results suggest that E. tenax and E. interruptus had very similar preferences with respect to weather factors and floral traits. Both of them were influenced in their occurrence approximately three times as much by floral traits than by actual weather. This discrimination among the plant individuals was sharper in the time of peak hoverfly activity. Helophilus spp. were poorer at discriminating plants, while the influence of weather conditions remained approximately the same as in Eristalis. We hypothesize, that this might be the result of the overall preferences of the studied hoverfly species, since E. tenax and E. interruptus tended to concentrate on Succisa pratensis, whereas Helophilus spp. preferred other plant species. It seems therefore likely that hoverflies discriminate better among their preferred host plants than the others.

22 (11): The impact of parasitoids on aphidophagous hoverflies Daniele Sommaggio* & Giovanni Burgio Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali - Entomologia, Universitá di Bologna, Italy dsommaggio@tiscali.it Several Hymenoptera parasitoids can develop on aphidophagous larvae of Syrphidae. Since the beginning of the 20 th century many authors recorded the parasitization of hoverfly larvae by Hymenoptera, and at the middle of the century some catalogues of hoverfly parasitoids were published. Several taxa, in many cases phylogenetically distant, can develop on Syrphidae: - all species of Diplazontinae, a subfamily of Ichneumonidae, have been recorded as developing only on Syrphidae; - Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) include two genera, Pachyneuron and Paracarotomus, recorded as hoverfly parasitoids; - Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea) include two genera described as specific to Syrphidae: Bothriothorax and Syrphophagous; - Figitidae (Cynipoidea) are all parasitoids, even if the biology of many species is still unknown. The genus Callaspidia and Melanips are considered to be specific to aphidophagous hoverflies; - Megaspilidae (Ceraphronoidea) include species considered to be parasitoids of many dipteran families; Conostigmus and Trichosteresis have been recorded as syrphid parasitoids. Many past records should be treated with caution due to the problematic taxonomy of Hymenoptera and hoverfly larvae, only recently solved at least for some of them. In addition information about the impact of parasitoids on hoverfly populations is scanty. The few data available largely disagree: some authors recorded high percentage of parasitization, higher than 80% for example, while others observed very low values. In the period hoverfly larvae and pupae were collected and reared to obtain adults or parasitoids in the northeast Italy. Sampling took place in different types of habitat in rural landscapes; the sites were classified by human impact,

23 particularly agricultural management. Three types were recognized: wheat and maize monocultures, and extensive areas with higher complexity. In simpler habitats, particularly in maize fields, parasitism rates were higher than in more complex habitats, and the parasitoids were different: in extensive and wheat sites, Diplazontinae were the dominant parasitoids, while in maize fields Pachyneuron (Pteromalidae) speceis constituted more than 80% of the total parasitoids. When Pachyneuron, which are not specific to hoverflies, attack Syrphidae, usually the percentage of parasitization is very high, while the Diplazontinae, highly specialized to syrphids, usually show lower rates of parazitism. The high percentage of larvae and pupa parasitized in monocultures can have a large impact on hoverfly populations, and may be one of the most important control factors for these insects. Due to the importance of hoverflies in pest control, more information about the effect of parasitoids on hoverflies is necessary for a better understanding of hoverfly population dynamics.

24 (12): The evolution of Platycheirus Uttaran Maiti*, Sara Goodacre & Francis Gilbert School of Biology, University of Nottingham. Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Platycheirus and Melanostoma are thought to be near the root of the larval aphidophagous habit, and adult Platycheirus shows extreme changes in the male front tarsi and the length of the mouthparts. Helped by collectors from across Europe and in the UK, we sequenced a section of the mtdna, and report the resulting phylogenetic trees. The next step is to join with our Canadian colleagues who have sequenced North American Platycheirus species with the main aim of associating males and females. The results will inform evolutionary scenarios of geography and selection pressures on adult and larval characters.

25 (14): Seasonal variation in abundance and composition of hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) communities in Multan, Pakistan Asif Sajjad* 1, Shafqat Saeed 1 & Muhammad Ashfaq Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad asifbinsajjad@gmail.com Species composition and population dynamics of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in relation to some abiotic and biotic factors were studied over a year-long period in the district of Multan, Pakistan. The community of hoverflies was composed of 14 species which were recorded from 59 plant species. Among Syrphinae, Ischiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus and Sphaerophoria bengalensis were the most abundant whereas among Milesiinae, Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalinus laetus were the most frequent floral visitors. The peak abundance and richness of hoverflies was observed in spring (March- April), the time when the maximum numbers (35) of plant species were in flowering. Only four species (E. aeneus, E. laetus, Mesembrius bengalensis and Paragus serratus) remained active all through the year in variable abundance. Among agricultural and wild plant species, Mangifera indica and Launaea procumbens were visited by the maximum number of syrphid species or in highest abundance, respectively. On the basis of similarity in floral host plant visitation frequencies, Syrphinae could easily be distinguished from Milesiinae. Abundance of hoverflies was positively correlated with the floral abundance and flowering plant species, while temperature and relative humidity were negatively or only weakly correlated.

26 (15): Hoverflies of the most northerly forest in the world Anatolij V. Barkalov Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Systematics & Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk Russia. The most northerly forest was investigated and described for the first time by the leading Russian botanist A.I. Tolmachev. This forest of Larix dahurica Laws. is a protected area and is located at a latitude of 72:30 N and extends along the river Novaya for about 25 km. Our visit took place from 9-26 July All insects were collected, but greatest attention was paid to the Diptera. We collected about 30,000 insects, of which around 1,500 were Syrphidae. The species collected are listed below: Subfamily Syrphinae Subfamily Eristalinae Dasysyrphus venustus (Meigen, 1822) Cheilosia longula (Zetterstedt, 1838) Dasysyrphus sp. Cheilosia balu jugorica Barkalov, 1993 Didea alneti (Fallén, 1817) Sphegina carbonaria Mutin, 1998 Eriozona erratica (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysosyrphus alaskensis (Shannon, 1922) Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794) Chrysosyrphus niger (Zetterstedt, 1843) Eupeodes punctifer (Frey in Kanervo, Conosyrphus tolli Frey, ) Melangyna arctica (Zetterstedt, 1838) Eristalis anthophorina (Fallén, 1817) Melanostoma dubium (Zetterstdt, Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) 1837) Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838) 1758) Parasyrphus tarsatus (Zetterstedt, Eristalis hirta Loew, ) Parasyrphus dryadis (Holmgren, 1869) Eristalis interrupta Poda, 1761 Platycheirus aeratus Coquillet, 1900 Eristalis pseudorupium Kanervo, 1938 Platycheirus amplus Curran, 1927 Eristalis rupium Fabricius, 1805 Platycheirus brunifrons Nielsen, 2004 Helophilus affinis Wahlberg, 1844 Platycheirus clypeatus (Meigen, 1822) Helophilus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1780)

27 Platycheirus groenlandicus Curran, Helophilus hybridus Loew, Platycheirus holarcticus Vockeroth, Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg, Platycheirus jakuticus Violovitsh, Sericomyia arctica Schirmer, 1913 Platycheirus kittilaensis Dušek et Láska, Volucella plumatoides Hervé-Bazin, Platycheirus latens Mutin, 1999 Xylota sp. Platycheirus perpallidus (Verrall, 1901) Platycheirus podagratus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Platycheirus setitarsis Vockeroth, 1986 Pyrophaena granditarsa (Foerster, 1771) Scaeva lapponica (Zetterstedt, 1838) Scaeva pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758) Sphaerophoria abbreviata Zetterstedt, 1859 Sphaerophoria boreoalpina Goeldlin, 1989 Syrphus attenuatus Hine, 1922 Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus, 1758) Syrphus torvus Osten Sacken, Syrphus vitripennis Meigen, 1822 Total: 32 20

28 (16): 20 years of the Syrph the Net database Martin Speight The prototype version of the Syrph the Net (StN) database of European Syrphidae came into being during 1991, though the first published version didn t appear till The origin of the database and its development during the 20 years of its existence will be reviewed, focussing not only on the spreadsheets and associated text files, but also on the various support activities found necessary to make the database a functional and functioning tool.

29 (17): The Scaeva-like group of Eupeodes Pavel Laska*, Libor Mazanek & Vitezslav Bicik Department of Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Palacký University, Tr. Svobody 26, Olomouc, Czech Republic When in Canada to study the genus Eupeodes, Dr. J.R. Vockeroth prepared a specimen of a new species, which seemed obviously a Scaeva at first sight, with its large head with a broad face, and the anterior angle of approximation of the eyes as in S. pyrastri. Its enlarged ommatidia on the upper part of the eye and reduced microtrichia on the wing are also as in Scaeva. Are there some differences from Scaeva? Yes, there are: the eye is bare, the wings have vein r4+5 without any dip, the metasternum is haired and also the hairs of the sternopleura are like Eupeodes. In the genus Eupeodes there are two more Scaeva-like species: E. lundbecki, which by the inattentiveness of Dr.Violovich was described as Scaeva altaica sp.n.; and E.perplexus from North America. The new species has an extremely broad face 62 % of its width. The anterior angle of approximation of the eyes is 127 : in E. lundbecki this is only , and in E. perplexus only The hairs on the frons are longest at the approximation of the eyes, not approximately the same over the entire frons. Both sexes have a broad face, about % of the head in the female, whereas in both the known species this is only 46 49%. The vertex occupies 30 31% of the head width in females, rather than only the 19 24% of both the current species. The face of both sexes bears black hairs along the eyes, even in its ventral part. Recognizing females of E. perplexus and E. lundbecki is not easy. The wing of the first species has about ¾ of cell Cu covered by microtrichia, whereas in the second species it is only about ½. The upper margin of the pale spots on abdominal tergite 3 of the first species is less bent than in the second species. But some exceptions exist. The first species is more extensively darkened on the frons, face and femur, but this colouration is dependent on temperature during the development of the puparium, as we found in this genus long ago.

30 (18): Chrysotoxum festivum (L., 1758) (Diptera: Syrphidae): a species complex? Zorica Nedeljkovid*, Jelena Ačanski & Ante Vujid University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology & Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia zoricaned@hotmail.com, ante_vujic@yahoo.com The genus Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 (Syrphinae: Syrphini) has 23 species in Europe, of which 15 species occur in the Balkan Peninsula. The taxonomic status of several species within this genus is uncertain and in need of revision. The adult taxonomy of these distinctive hoverflies is difficult due to the similarities in male genitalia, as well as intraspecific variability in some taxa. Balkan Chrysotoxum festivum specimens exhibit two different phenotypes, yellow and black, based both on landmark-based geometric morphometry of wings and other adult morphological characters. Studied specimens (128 males and 114 females from six Serbian and a Montenegrin locality) can be separated into two clear-cut groups based on the following morphological characters: colour of hairs on mesonotum, scutellum and fore femora, width of face, width of black stripe on face, frons pruinosity and width of yellow bands on tergites 2 and 3. Variability in wing size and shape of all the 242 examined specimens was assessed. Variation in wing size of females of both phenotypes was detected by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.001). Based on multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of wing shape, significant differences were detected between the two phenotypes (p<0.001). Canonical variates analysis (CVA) successfully classified the analyzed specimens under the established groups based on wing shape variables (96% correct). According to the differences in morphological characters, both classic and wing geometric-morphometric, and sympatry of the studied C. festivum phenotypes, we propose the existence of two separate taxa within this species. Acknowledgements Financial support was provided by Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Serbia (grant reference: / /365; project reference: )

31 (19): The type specimens of Syrphidae in Ukraine Grigory V. Popov Donetsk Botanical Gardens of NAS of Ukraine, Illich s Avenue 110, Donetsk, Ukraine mbu@yandex.ru In Ukraine, types of syrphids are deposited in the I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv (SIZK); Donetsk Botanical Gardens, National Academy of Sciences, Donetsk (DBG); and the Kharkov Branch of Ukrainian Entomological Society, Kharkov (KES). I have studied the type specimens for the following names that are available according to the ICZN (1999): Ceriana caucasica (Paramonov, 1927) (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Cheilosia pollinifacies Stackelberg, 1968 (paratype, SIZK) Cheilosia verae Stackelberg, 1968 (paratypes, SIZK) Eumerus ammophilus Paramonov, 1927 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Eumerus turkmenorum Paramonov, 1927 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon aberrans Egger, 1860 subsp. flavitibius Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon alagoezicus Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, SIZK) Merodon alexandri Popov, 2010 (holotype, paratypes, SIZK, DBG, KES) Merodon alexeji Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon andalusiacus Paramonov, 1929 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon batumicus Paramonov, 1927 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon bessarabicus Paramonov, 1924 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon brevis Paramonov, 1925 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon clavipes (Fabricius, 1781) var. albus Paramonov, 1926 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon clavipes (Fabricius, 1781) var. niger Paramonov, 1926 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon crassifemoris Paramonov, 1925 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon crymensis Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, SIZK) Merodon dzhalitae Paramonov, 1926 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon erivanicus Paramonov, 1925 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon femoratoides Paramonov, 1925 (paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon hamifer Sack, 1913 (paralectotypes, SIZK) Merodon karadaghensis Zimina, 1989 (paratypes, SIZK)

32 Merodon rufus Meigen, 1838 var. maculatus Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon sacki (Paramonov, 1936) (holotype, SIZK) Merodon smirnovi Paramonov, 1927 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon spinitarsis Paramonov, 1929 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon syriacus Paramonov, 1929 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon turkestanicus Paramonov, 1927 (holotype, SIZK) Merodon velox Loew, 1869 var. armeniacus Paramonov, 1925 (lectotype, paralectotype, SIZK) Merodon velox Loew, 1869 var. anathemus Paramonov, 1925 (holotype, SIZK) Palumbia flavipes Paramonov, 1927 (holotype, SIZK).

33 (20): The effect of altitude on species composition and seasonal dynamics in hoverflies in beech forest (Diptera: Syrphidae) Maarten de Groot Department of Entomology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia current address: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Mountains reflect a climate gradient which may simulate the effects of climate change on plants and animals. In this research the effect of altitude on hoverfly seasonal dynamics and species composition was investigated. The seasonal dynamics was investigated with three malaise traps at three altitudes on the north side and one trap on the western thermophilic side of Mt Krim in central Slovenia in The traps were collected every 13 to 16 days. The species composition was investigated in 2009 and 2010 within 30 transects and malaise traps at 400m, 700m and 1000m a.s.l. on the northern slope of Mt. Krim. In addition, for every altitude belt the temperature was measured during the season. There was a drop of several centigrade in average temperature from lower to higher altitude. Three peaks of seasonal activity were found (May/June, July and August). At the lowest altitude and at the thermophilic site the activity peaks appeared earlier than at the upper two altitudes on the northern slope. At the highest altitude the greatest abundance was recorded at the end of August. The abundance was positively influenced by the average trapping period temperature. The highest number of species on the thermophilic site was found in May, while at the highest altitude the number of species was highest in July. At the thermophilic site two peaks were found (May and August) and the traps on the northern slope revealed three peaks (May, July and August). The species composition changed gradually, but significantly from lower to higher altitudes. In conclusion, it was shown that altitude and exposure of the mountain affect both species composition and seasonal dynamics of hoverflies. These results provide a basis for further research on factors influencing the assemblages and seasonal dynamics of these species.

34 (21): Taxonomic study of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from near the Zanjan-rood river, Zanjan province, Iran Masumeh Naderloo* 1, Shahrokh Pashaei Rad 2 & Mohammad vali Taghaddosi 3 1 formerly of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran 3 Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Zanjan province, Iran ma.naderlu@gmail.com Zanjan province, in northwest Iran (35 35' to 37 15'N; 47 15' to 49 25' E) has varying altitude from 270 to 3400 m. The Zanjan-rood river originates near the city of Sultanieh, and runs past Zanjan. On the banks of this river there are large orchards and natural forests, such as the Forest Park of Zanjan. In order to identify the local hoverfly fauna, adult specimens were collected with an entomological net in different periods between May and September The samples were transferred to the laboratory, pinned and then identified. Identification was confirmed by Dr.Barkalov from the Siberian Zoological Museum, Russia. Examination of the specimens led to the identification of 19 species from 13 genera and 2 subfamilies. All species are new to Zanjan province. The list of identified Syrphidae is as follows: Syrphinae - Melanostoma mellinum, Paragus bicolor, Sphaerophoria rueppelli, Sphaerophoria scripta, Ischiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae; Milesiinae - Eumerus strigatus, Helophilus continuus, Eristalis tenax, Eristalis arbustorum, Eristalis similis, Eristalinus taeniops, Eristalinus megacephalus, Eristalinus sepulchralis, Eristalinus aeneus, Pipizella divicoi, Neoascia podagrica, Syritta pipiens. There is a diverse syrphid fauna around the Zanjan-rood river. Of the 19 species collected, those with saprophagous larvae (most Milesiinae) that live in wet environments were the most common and conspicuous.

35 (22): Threatened hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy (SW Slovakia) Adrianna Králiková* 1 & Stanislav David Department of Environment & Zoology, Faculty of Agrobiology & Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr.A.Hlinku 2, SK Nitra, Slovakia Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, SK Nitra, Slovakia Adrianna.Kralikova@uniag.sk The most threatened hoverflies are associated with littoral habitats. Adult hoverflies have an undisputed role as pollinators in biotopes with a lack of bees, for example in wetlands. The Nature Reserve (NR) of Alúvium Žitavy (SW Slovakia) surrounded by intensive agricultural land-use type of landscape is a typical wetland: no hoverfly research has been carried out in this NR to date. The examined area is the part of the European network of Natura 2000 sites (SKUEV0159). The study of hoverflies was carried out in three different sites, all belonging to the grid square 0174B of the Databank of the Fauna of Slovakia. Hoverflies were sampled monthly from April to October in , using a sweep net. Lejops vittata (Meigen, 1822) and Mesembrius peregrinus (Loew, 1846) were assessed by Čepelák (1986) as rare species, and according to Mazánek & Barták (2005) both are critically endangered. L. vitatta is even categorized as becoming extinct in the Red List for Poland (Palaczyk et al. 2002). Anasimyia lunulata (Meigen, 1822) is another find categorized as rare in Slovakia (Čepelák 1986). Other rare wetland species recorded include Parhelophilus versicolor (Fabricius, 1794), Platycheirus angustatus (Zetterstedt, 1843), Platycheirus fulviventris (Macquart, 1829), Platycheirus perpallidus Verrall, 1901 and Tropidia scita (Harris, 1776). The study was supported by the Grant Agency of the Slovak Academy of Sciences - 1/0275/08 and 1/0590/10.

36 Čepelák, J Syrphidae. [In:] Čepelák, J. (ed.): Diptera Slovenska II (Cyclorrapha) [Diptera of Slovakia II (Cyclorrapha)]. Veda, Bratislava, pp: Mazánek, L. & Barták, M Syrphidae (pestřenkovití). *In:+ Farkač, Král & Škorpík M. (eds) Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí. [List of threatened species in the Czech Republic. Invertebrates]. Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha, pp Palaczyk A., Soszynski B., Klasa A., Bystrowski C., Mikolajczyk W., Kreminski W Diptera Muchovki. *W:+ Glowacioski Z. (red), Makomaska Juchiewicz M., Polczynska Konior G. (as. reds): Czerwona lista zwierzat ginacych i zagrozonych w Polsce [Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland]. Instytut ochorony przyrody PAN, Krakow, pp

37 (23): Hover-flies of the eastern slope of the Sichote-Alin Range: biogeographical aspects Valeri Mutin* & VA Skurikhina Department of Zoology, Komsomolsk State Pedagogical Institute, Komsomolsk-na- Amure, Far East, Russia The topography of the Russian Far East masks the geographic regularity of the distribution of organisms. The Sikhote-Alin Range and especially its eastern slope which faces the sea, helps form a latitudinal gradient of faunistic transformation over a distance of 1200 km. The Southern Sikhote-Alin is situated in the zone of subboreal mixed forests with Abies holophilla and Quercus dentata. In the Middle Sikhote-Alin there are mainly mixed forests with Pinus koraiensis. At the boundaries of the Northen Sichote-Alin, subboreal give place to boreal forests. The local syrphid fauna of the Lazovsky nature reserve (189 species and 64 genera) is characteristic of the Southern Sikhote-Alin; syrphids of the Sikhote- Alinsky nature reserve (227 species and 60 genera) characterize the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Eastern Asian endemics make up 32% of the hoverflies of Lazovsky nature reserve, but only 25% of the syrphid fauna of the Sikhote-Alinsky nature reserve. Hover-flies fauna of Tumnin River basin (108 species of 41 genera) is characteristic for the Northen Sichote-Alin: Eastern Asian endemics make up only 6% of the fauna. The most thermophilous species (Allobaccha apicalis Lw., Chrysotoxum ramphostomata Mutin, Ch. graciosum Viol., Ischiodon scutellaris F., Paragus clausseni Mutin, P. fasciatus Coq., Cheilosia matsumurana Shir., Ch. tokushimaensis Shir., Portevinia dispar H.-B., Graptomyza alabeta Seguy, Volucella coreana Shir., Helophilus virgatus Coq., Pterallastes unicolor Shir., Spilomyia suzukii Mats., Microdon maritimus Viol., M. ursitarsis Stack.) do not occur to the North of the Southen Sikhote-Alin. The northern borders of the distribution of Chrysotoxum grande Mats., Sphaerophoria reginae Claussen & Mutin, Heringia simplicipes Stack., Pipizella ussuriana Viol., Sericomyia dux Stack., Cheilosia posjetica Bark. are located in the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Some species (Cheilosia reniformis Hellen, Dasysyrphus nigricornis Verrall and Volucella bombylans L.) evidently do not extend southwards from the Northen Sichote-Alin.