SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR

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1 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B. Sc. Part-III : Practical Examination in BOTANY February/March, 2015 PRACTICAL - I Time : a. m. onwards Total Marks : 50 N. B. : Do not write about points of theoretical information, unless asked specifically. Q. 1 : Identify and classify the specimens A, B, C and D. Draw neat labelled sketches. Leave at least one slide of each specimen for inspection. (20) Q. 2 : Inoculate the given fungus culture E on the slants of PDA (No written answer) (4) Q. 3 : Measure the dimensions of the spore/pollen grain from specimen F under low and high power of the microscope. Record your readings. (Show at Teast one reading to the examiner) (4) Q. 4 : Set up the experiment showing fermentation (No written answer) (4) Q. 5 : Identificationa) Identify and describe the specimens G and H (4) b) Identify the plant diseases I and J. Give their causal organisms, symptoms and control measures. (4) Q. 6 : a) Submission of preserved specimens of Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, (5) Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. b) Journal (5)

2 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B. Sc. Part-III : Practical Examination in BOTANY February/March, 2015 PRACTICAL - II Time : a. m. onwards Total Marks : 50 N. B. : Do not write about points of theoretical information, unless asked specifically. Q. 1 : a) Show the anatomical features observed in the specimen A. ( No written answer) (3) b) Show wood elements in the specimen B by maceration technique. (3) (No written answer) Q. 2 : Assign the specimens C and D to their respective families on the basis of vegetative and floral characters. Draw the floral formula/ floral diagram of specimen C. Show important morphological pecularities to the Examiner (8) Q. 3 : Identify the genus and species of the given specimen with the help of (4) Cooke s flora. Q. 4 : Dissect the specimen E to expose the embryo. (No written answer) (4) Show the structure of style and stigma in the specimen E. (No written answer) (4) Q. 5 : Set up the experiment assigned to you. (No written answer) (5) Q. 6 : Identification a) Identify and describe specimen / slide F. (2) b) Identify and describe specimen / slide G. (2) c) Identify and describe specimen H (2) d) Identify and describe specimen / slide I (2) Q. 7 : a) Tour report (5) b) Submission of herbarium sheets (5) c) Journal (5)

3 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B. Sc. Part-III : Practical Examination in BOTANY February/March, 2015 PRACTICAL - III Time : a. m. onwards Total Marks : 50 N. B. : Do not write about points of theoretical information, unless asked specifically. Q. 1 : Solve the given problem on linkage / crossing over / polygene inheritance. (6) Q. 2 : Show the chromosomal abnormalities from the specimen A. (No written answer) (5) Q. 3 : a) Prepare the idiogram using given Photograph B. (5) b) Determine the mean, median and mode by using sample C. (5) b) Determine the frequency distribution and prepare a histogram/polygon/line graph from specimen C. (5) Q. 4 : a) Show the breeding techniques in plant material D and E. (8) (No written answer) b) Find out the pollen fertility in given specimen F. (No written answer) (5) Q. 5 : Cut the given material embeded in paraffin with the help of microtone and prepare the slides. Keep the slides for drying. (-) Q. 5 : Take microphotograph of permanent slide and transfer the image to (-) Computer Q. 6 : Identification a) Identify and describe the stage of meiosis-g (2) b) Comment on floral structure and pollination mechanism in H (2) c) Identify and comment on the instsrument. I (2) Q. 7 : a) Submission of cytological slides. (5) b) Journal (5)

4 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B. Sc. Part-III : Practical Examination in BOTANY February/March, 2015 PRACTICAL - IV Time : a. m. onwards Total Marks : 50 N. B. : Do not write about points of theoretical information, unless asked specifically. Q. 1 : Demonstrate the presence of carbohydrates/lipids/proteins by using biochemical tests from given plant material A. (10) Q. 2 : B Isolate RNA/DNA (8) Estimate Proteins / DNA / Determination of fatty acid value. (8) Separate amino acids / alkaloids by TLC. (8) Q. 3 : Demonstrate the technique of inoculation of explant C on culture medium. (No written answer) (6) Q. 4 : Stain the slides prepared earlier of microtomy and show it to the examiner. (No written answer) (10) Q. 4 : Edit, label and print the Microphotographic image and Show it to the examiner (10) (No written answer) Q. 5 : Identification a) Identify and comment upon biochemical test D. (3) b) Identify and describe. (3) Q. 6 : a) Submission of microtomy slides microphotographs (5) b) Journal. (5)

5 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR. B. Sc. Part - III Practical Examination in Botany, (New Course) Feb/March, 2015 Laboratory Requirements General list of requirements in apparatus, materials, chemicals, instruments etc. which should be made available to the examiners at the time of Practical examination in Botany and for Restructured course in Botany. 1. MICROSCOPES : One compound microscope and one dissecting microscope for each candidate. In addition to above eight compound and eight dissecting microscopes, pieces of musline cloth, two magnifying lenses should be made available. 2. PLANT MATERIAL : Fresh material if available, or preserved or dried of the types and groups as per syllabus be kept ready. Fossil slides & specimens as per syllabus. For identification of plant families, finding out of qenus and species, and for morphological pecularities, fresh material of angiosperm be made available. Plant organs such as fruits, flowers, inflorescences, stems, roots, seeds, fresh or preserved be made available. 3. PHYSIOLOGY : All commonly used physiological apparatus for doing physiological and biochemical experiments and relevant chemicals required as per syllabus be made available. 4. PLANT PATHOLOGY : Inoculation chamber, inoculation needles, spirit lamps, non-absorbent and absorbent cotton bundles, test tubes & holders, funnels, test tube stands, tripod stands, sterilized petridishes (4"), measuring cylinders, glass marking pencils, ready sterilized culture medium and slants, cotton blue, lactophenol, glycerine, sterilized distilled water, enouch stock of sterilized PDA medium, sterilized test tubes and fungal cultures etc. as per syllabus be made available to students. Diseased plant materials as per syllabus (specimens for identification). Materials and chemicals required for preparation of culture medium be made available. 5. MICROTOMY : Microtomes (Rocking / Rotary) with sharpened blades, Couplin jars, Nuclear, & cytoplasmic stains, aqueous and alcoholic safranin, Lightgreen stains, all grades of alcohol, xylene, canada balsam, adhesive (egg albumen), spirit lamps, blotting papers, distilled water, slides, cover glasses (Round & rectangular) be made available. Paraffin blocks containing well infiltrated plant material sufficient for all batches of students should be kept ready in advance. 6. MICROPHOTOGRAPHY : Microphotography unit, printer, permanent slides be made available. 7. MICROMETRY : Compound microscope, stage micrometer & occular micrometer, pollen grains or spores of fungi be kept ready. 8. CYTOLOGY & GENETICS : Fresh or fixed floral buds be made available for smear preparation, slides, acetocarmine stain, coverslips, spirit lamps etc. be kept ready. 9. Slide of pollen germination; floral twigs for breeding techniques as per syllabus and Photograph of chromosome for idiogram be kept ready. 10. BIOSTATISTICS : Suitable plant material for Biostatistical experiment should be made available. 11. Environmental biology - Materials, chemicals and apparatus required for experiments of environmental biology be kept ready. 12. Plant tissue culture : M. S. medium and suitable explants be made available for inoculation technique. 13. Cooke's Flora of Bombay presidency Vol. I, II & III be made available for identification of families. key / chart provided by University be made available to each candidate. The lab supervisor and expert assistant should be available to the examiner on the day & at the time of lab inspection. Sealed packets sent by the Registrar are to be handed over to the examiners at the time of lab inspection. Full co-operation should be extended to the examiners. Chairman, B. Sc. III, Botany Practical Exam., Feb/March, 2015.

6 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR. B. Sc. Part - III Botany (New Course) Practical Examination, Feb/March, 2015 Instructions to examiners : To, Dear Colleagues, You are requested to go through the instructions to the examiners issued by the Registrar and Chairman and follow the same. Instructions are issued to maintain standard and uniformity in conduction of practical examination. Your co-operation is solicited. 1. Please prepare the mark-list centrewise and enter the marks questionwise for each practical. 2. Seperate marklists should be prepared for Practical - I, Practical - II, Practical - III & Practical - IV. 3. Please transfer the total marks of practical II, III, & IV on the mark list of practical I and enter the same in adequate columns just precedding the column for 'Grand total' on mark list for Practical - I. The aggregate total is to be made on the mark sheet for Practical - I. That would give the total marks obtained by the candidates in the practical examination. 4. All answer books of each practical of each candidate be tied together. Answer books of each practical are enclosed in separate envelope and submitted to the Principal of Examination Centre. 5. Examiners are requested to take the sealed packet containing the set of practicals in their charge on the day of inspection from the centres of practicals. 6. Practical I - a) Written answer is not expected for question Nos 2 and 4. b) For Q. 3 conversion factor is to be given to students for both low and high power of microscope by expert and at least two seperate microscopes should be arranged. 7. Practical II - a) For Q. 3 plants mentioned in key for identification of genus and species of the family in the flora only to be given for identification of genus and species. (Excluding plants given for Que. No. 2) Note - Exotic plants should be avoided. b) For. Q. 4 and 5 written answer is not expected. 8. Practical III - a) For Q. 2 and Q. 4, written answer is not expected. b) For Q. 3 pascal's triangle is to be provided to the students. 9. Practical IV - a) For Q. 3 and 4 written answer is not expected. 10. Five minutes should be given for identification of each spot of identification question of each practical. 11. The student's practical understanding, technical skill, independent work, field work, as revealed in his answers should be given due consideration in the assessment of his performance. 12. The marklists duly signed by both the examiners should be submitted to The Registrar immediately after the practical examination is over. The marklists should accompany, stamped blank receipt of Remuneration Bill, absentee reports, T. A. & D. A. bill may also be forwarded to, The Registrar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 13. Please note carefully that the contents and the distribution of marks for practical I & II are same for the normal four practical course and the restructured two practical course. The practical batches have to be examined simultaneously at the Y. C. Institute of Science, Satara, Y. C. College of Science, Karad, S. G. M. College, Karad K. W. College, Sangli Centres and therefore, due care should be taken while setting the materials for them. 14. For first three days practical will start at a.m. and for fourth day practical will start at 8.00 a.m. Chairman, B. Sc. III, Botany Practical Exam., March, 2015.

7 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR. B. Sc. Part - III : Botany (New Course) Practical Examination, Feb/March, 2015 Instructions to Candidates F COLLEGE 1. Candidates must be present at the Place of the Practical examination 15 minutes before the scheduled time. Candidates coming late may not be examined. 2. Candidates should bring alongwith them Journals, dissection boxes, drawing materials, etc. 3. Candidates must write their examination numbers on the right hand top corner of the journals. They will have to hand over their journals to the examiners at the time of examinations. 4. Candidates should bring their submission for concerned practical. 5. Time of the Practical Examination for practical I, II & III : a.m. onwards and for practical IV : 8-00 a.m. onwards. Sd/- Chairman, B. Sc. III, Botany Practical Exam., Feb/March, SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR. B. Sc. Part - III : Botany (New Course) Practical Examination, Feb/March, 2015 Instructions to Candidates F COLLEGE 1. Candidates must be present at the Place of the Practical examination 15 minutes before the scheduled time. Candidates coming late may not be examined. 2. Candidates should bring alongwith them Journals, dissection boxes, drawing materials, etc. 3. Candidates must write their examination numbers on the right hand top corner of the journals. They will have to hand over their journals to the examiners at the time of examinations. 4. Candidates should bring their submission for concerned practical. 5. Time of the Practical Examination for practical I, II & III : a.m. onwards and for practical IV : 8-00 a.m. onwards. Sd/- Chairman, B. Sc. III, Botany Practical Exam., Feb/March, 2015.

8 (Ovary inferior, stamens 5-perfect, one stamen rudimentary, flowers irregular, Axile placentation) Series-Epigynae (perianth biseriate, tepals dissimilar, plants usually large, stem rhizomatic or bulbous, aerial pseudostem is formed by sheathing leaf bases) Family - Musaceae (Ovary superior stamens all perfect, flowers regular, perianth petaloid) Series - Coronariae (Flowers regular, bisexual, hypogynous, axile placentation) Family - Liliaceae (Flowers in glumes, perianth reduced to scales or lodicules) Series - Glumaceae (Leaves ligulate, sheathing; inflorescence spike of spikelets, versatile stamens, fruit caryopsis) Family - Poaceae (Gramineae) (Petals free (except Mimosaceae), Stamens not epipetalous) Sub-class - Polypetalae (Thalamus conical/flat, flowers hypogynous, sepals usually free, ovary superior Series - Thalamiflorae (Stamens many free, carpels many free, spirally arranged floral parts) Order-Ranales (Plants usually herbs, sheathing leafbase) Family -Ranunculaceae (ovary inferior carpels 2 -to many) Series - Inferae (Leaves opposite, stipulate, axile placentation) Order - Rubiales (carpels 2-8, inter or intra-petiolar stipulate leaves) Family - Rubiaceae (Gynoecium syncarpous, parietal placentation, fruit siliqua) Order - Parietales (Flowers regular/irregular androgynophore or only gynophore present) Family - Capparidaceae (Petals united, stamens epipetalous) Sub-class-Gamopetalae (ovary superior, carpels many, stamens in 2-3 whorls) Series - Heteromerae (ovary superior, stamens in 2-3 whorls, epipetalous or rarely hypogynous, Order - Ebenales (stamens as many or twice as many as corolla lobes, carpels more than 2) Family - Sapotaceae (Disc present below ovary, Stamens definite, superior ovary, stamens/carpels few) Series - Disciflorae (axile placentation, staminal tube present, stamens 5-10) Order - Geraniales (Leaves simple or (Leaves usually compound, compound and not leaflets oblique at base oblique at base, and stamens monadelphous) gland dotted) Family - Meliaceae Family - Rutaceae (Bicarpellary, superior ovary) Series - Bicarpellatae (Hypogynous disc absent, flowers peri-or epigynous, sepals united, thalamus flat/cup shaped) Series - Calyciflorae (Leaves usually compound, stipulate, carpels one to many, flowers zygomorphic) Order - Rosales (Gynoecium monocarpellary, fruit legume) Family - Leguminosae (Corolla papilionaceous, stamens mono or diadelphous) Sub-Family - Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) (Petals absent or perianth present) Sub-class - Apetalae [embryo curved, ovary one ovuled] Series - Curvembryae (epigynous flowers, many Tendril climbers, parietal stamens free, ovule pendulous) placentation, unilocular ovary) Order - Myrtales Order - Passiflorales (Flowers bisexual, ovary, (Unisexual flowers, anther inferior) synandrous, fruit-pepo) Family - Myrtaceae Family - Cucurbitaceae (Seed with two cotyledons, Reticulate venation) Flowers tetra or Pentamerous, stem branched) Class - Dicotyledons SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B. Sc. Part-III (Botany) Practical Exam. February/March, 2015 Key for the classification of plant families (Presence of chlorophyll, cell wall with cellulose) Kingdom - Plantae (Flowering and Seed bearing Plants) Subkingdom - Phanerogams (Ovules enclosed in the ovary, seeds enclosed in the fruit) Division - Angiosperms (Seed with one cotyledon, leaves parallel veined, flowers trimerous, Stem unbranched) Class - Monocotyledons (Corolla regular; stamens-5, all perfect, fruit pair of follicles) Order - Gentianales (Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, latex present, sagittate anthers, dumbell shaped stigma) Family - Apocynaceae Leaves simple, exstipulate, opposite, bilabiate corolla, zygomorphic Order - Lamiales (Stamens didynamous, style gynobasic, inflorescence verticillaster) Family - Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (Bract, bracteoles, tepals dry papery scarious, petaloid perianth, stamens-5) Family - Amaranthaceae (Leaves simple ochreate stipule) Stamens 5-8) Family - Polygonaceae

9 Qualitative test for Starch Observation table Test I 2 KI Test - Cut surface of potato tuber/canna rhizome + Smear of I 2 KI Thin section of Potato tuber/ Canna rhizome + I 2 KI observation under microscope Observation The cut surface becomes blue-back Shining starch grains which are blue in colour Inference Presence of Starch Presence of Starch in plant material Qualitative test for Cellulose Observation table Test Observation Inference Cotton wool/whatman strip + H 2 0 Cotton wool/whatman strip + I 2 KI Cotton wool/whatman strip + cone. H 2 S0 4 sol n. ofznci No change at all No blue colour Whatman paper strip/cotton wool slowly dissolves in the solution Cellulose insoluble in H 2 0 Cellulose never prove blue colour with I 2 KI Cellulose is dissolved or soluble in cone. H 2 S0 4 sol n. of ZnCI

10 Qualitative test for Proteins in Plant Material Precipitation test for Proteins Observation table Test 3 ml of Test Sol. (Extract) + 2 drops of 2 % Na 2 C0 3 + One drop of Lead acetate Observation Violet Colour Inference In alkaline medium the proteins acquire negative charge. This is neutralized by heavy metals like Pb +2 in Lead acetate ppt. i.e. insoluble metal proteinutes are formed. Colour test for Proteins Observation table Test Biurete Test - 3 ml of Test soln. + 2 ml of 5 % NaOH + 2 drops of 1 %.CuS0 4 mix (heat) Observation Violet colour Inference In alkaline medium the peptide linkage in protein molecule reacts with CuS0 4 to form violet coloured complex. Ninhydrinetest- 2 ml of test sol n. + 5 drops of 1% freshly prepare of Ninhydrine sol, heat/warm Blue colour after 30 min The test is positive for all d-amino acids violet coloured complex is formed

11 Qualitative test for Lipid in plant material Observation table Test Translucensy Test - Take a rectangular piece of filter paper then place a drop of oil on a filter paper. This spot becomes translucent. Then place a filter paper on a hot plate for 5 min. Then immerse filter paper in Ether & finally dry Solubility Test- Take 2 drops of sample (oil/ seed extract) in two separate test tubes + 2 ml of Distilled water in one test tube & in another test tube add 2 ml Chloroform shake well & observe. Observation After Ether treatment the spot disappears Sample completely dissolve in chloroform & the sample remains un dissolved in water Inference The test sol, contains Fats. The sample contains Fats Emulsification Test - Take 5 drops of sample in test tube + 4 ml Distilled water + 4 drops of 5% Sodium carbonate shake well. The lipid uniformly distributed there for the sol, to form an emulsion. The formation of emulsion indicates the presence of Lipids. Caster seed -/ Remove the seed coat & crush in mortar & pestle by using Distilled water. Take this extract (3-5 ml) in test tube ml of Distilled water boil it, cool + few drops of Sudan III. Shake well & wait for min. Formation of 2 layers upper & lower. Upper layer is light red colour This is indicates the presence of Lipids.