JAI HIND COLLEGE AUTONOMOUS

Transcription

1 JAI HIND COLLEGE AUTONOMOUS Syllabus for T.Y.BSC Course : Botany Semester : V Credit Based Semester & Grading System With effect from Academic Year

2 List of Courses Course: Botany Semester: V SR. NO. COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE NO. OF LECTURES / WEEK NO. OF CREDITS TYBSc 1 2 SBOT501 CLASSICAL BOTANY V 4 4 SBOT 502 CLASSICAL BOTANY VI SBOT 503 APPROACHES IN PLANT SCIENCES V SBOT 504 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS III SBOT5PR1 PRACTICAL 8 4 SBOT5PR2 PRACTICAL 8 4 2

3 Semester V Theory SBOT501 CLASSICAL BOTANY V (credits: 4 lectures/week: 4) Objectives: Students will learn about different micro-organisms, culturing techniques and their applications Students will learn about comparative account of different classes of marine and fresh water algae. Students will learn about life cycles of fungi Students will learn about plant pathogenic fungi and different control measures. MICROBIOLOGY: Types of microbes Unit I Culturing: Sterilization, media, staining, colony characters Pure cultures Role of microbes in fermentation: Alcohol and Antibiotics Unit II Unit III Unit IV ALGAE: Division Rhodophyta: Classificationand General Characters: Distribution, Cell structure, pigments, reserve food, range of thallus, reproduction: asexual and sexual, Alternation of Generations, Economic Importance o Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Polysiphonia; Batrachospermum Classification and General Characters of Xanthophyta: Distribution, Cell structure, pigments, reserve food, range of thallus, Reproduction: asexual and sexual, Alternation of Generations, Economic Importance o Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Vaucheria Classification and General Characters of Bacillariophyta: Distribution, Cell structure, pigments, reserve food, range of thallus, Reproduction: asexual and sexual, Alternation of Generations, Economic Importance o Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Pinnularia FUNGI: Basidiomycetes: Classification and General characters i. Life Cycle of Agaricus ii. Life cycle of Puccinia Deuteromycetae: Classification and General Characters i. Life cycle of Alternaria PLANT PATHOLOGY: Study of plant diseases: Causative organism, symptoms, predisposing factors, disease cycle and control measures of the following. i. White Rust Albugo sp. ii. Tikka disease of ground nut: Cercospora iii. Damping off disease: Pythium iv. Citrus canker Xanthomonas sp. v. Leaf curl leaf curl virus Study of Physical, chemical and biological control methods of plant diseases. 3

4 Additional References: 1. MICROBIOLGY PRESCOTT 2. INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLGY CASIDA 3. CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY G. M. SMITH 4. ALGAE VASHISHTHA 5. FUNGI VASHISHTHA 4

5 SBOT502 CLASSICAL BOTANY VI (credits: 4 lectures/week: 4) Objectives: Students will learn about the process of fossilization and different fossils. Morphology of flower and fruits will help the students, understand the classification in an effective manner. Students will learn about abnormal secondary growth and importance of the same in identification of plants Study of palynology and its application will help the students to understand importance of pollen study.. PALAEOBOTANY: Calamites All form genera Stem, leaf, male and female Unit I frutification Lepidodendron All form genera root, stem, bark, leaf, male andfemale fructification Lyginopteris All form genera root, stem, leaf, male and femalefructification Pentoxylon All form genera Contribution of Birbal Sahni, Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleobotany, Lucknow ANGIOSPERMS: Morphology of flower and fruit Unit II Complete classification of Bentham and Hooker (only for prescribed families), Merits and demerits Bentham and Hooker s system of classification for flowering plants up to family with respect to the following prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance for members of the families o Capparidaceae o Umbelliferae o Cucurbitaceae o Rubiaceae o Solanaceae o Commelinaceae o Graminae ANATOMY: Anomalous secondary growth in the Stems of Bignonia, Salvadora, Achyranthes, Aristolochia, Dracaena. Storage roots Unit III ofbeet, Radish Root stem transition Types of Stomata Anomocytic, Anisocytic, Diacytic, Paracytic, and Graminaceous Unit IV PALYNOLOGY: Pollen morphology Pollen viability storage Germination and growth of pollen Application of Palynology in honey industry, coal and oil exploration, Aerobiology and pollen allergies, forensic science 5

6 Additional References: 1. PALAEOBOTANY AGASHE 2. PLANT SYSTEMATICS - GURUCHARAN SINGH 3. PLANT TAXONOMY O. P. SHARMA 4. TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS G. L. CHOPRA 5. PLANT ANATOMY B. P. PANDEY 6. PLANT ANATOMY ESAU 7. PLANT ANATOMY FAHN 8. PALYNOLOGY BHOJWANI & BHATNAGAR 9. A TEXTBOOK OF PALYNOLOGY - BHATTACHARYA 6

7 SBOT503 APPROACHES IN PLANT SCIENCES V (credits: 4 lectures/week: 4) Objectives: Students will learn about different cell organelles and important processes within the cell. Student will learn about importance of solute potential and translocation of solutes in plants. Students will understand the concept of bioremediation and importance of the same. Students will learn about different stages in succession in different environmental conditions Students will learn about different applications of plant tissue culture CYTOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Structure and function of nucleus Unit I Structure and function of vacuole Structure and function of giant chromosomes The genetic code: Characteristics of the genetic code Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes PHYSIOLOGY: Water relations: Potential, osmosis, transpiration, imbibition Unit II Solute transport: Transport of ions across cell membranes, active and passive transport, carriers, channels and pumps Translocation of solutes: Composition of phloem sap, girdling experiment, pressure flow model, phloem loading and unloading, anatomy of sieve tube elements, mechanisms of sieve tube translocation, Munch s hypothesis ENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY Bioremediation: Principles, factors responsible and microbial population in bioremediation Unit III Phytoremediation: Metals, Organic pollutants Plant succession: Hydrosere and Xerosere Formation of barren space, succession on the land citing different seres leading upto the climax, succession in water, ecesis, poly and monoclimax theories Unit IV PLANT TISSUE CULTURE: Aspects of micropropogation with reference to Floriculture: Detailed study of Orchid cultivation Plant cell suspension cultures for the production of secondary metabolites: with special reference to Shikonin production Somatic embryogenesis and artificial seeds Protoplast fusion and Somatic hybridization: i) Concept, definition, and various methods of protoplast fusion ii) Applications of somatic hybridization in agriculture Additional References: 1. CELL BIOLOGY DE ROBERTIS 2. CELL BIOLOGY C. V. RAO 3. igenetics RUSSELL (3 RD EDITION ) 4. MOLECULAR GENETICS RUSELL 5. PRICIPLES OF ECOLOGY ODUM 7

8 6. TEXTBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY VERMA AND AGARWAL 7. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY TAIZ & ZIEGER 8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY VERMA 9. PLANT TISSUE CULTURE BASIC AND APPLIED JHA & GHOSH 10. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY IGNACIMUTHU 8

9 SBOT504 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS III (credits: 4 lectures/week: 4) Objectives: Students will learn about ancient knowledge and importance of the same. Students will learn the concept of Mushroom cultivation and entrepreneurship Students will learn the Applications of different techniques in biotechnology. Students will learn different instruments and their importance in biological sciences. Students will learn about different medicinal plants and their pharmacopoeial standards along with their pharmacological properties of the same. ETHNOBOTANY AND MUSHROOM INDUSTRY Ethnobotany - Definition, history, sources of data and methods of Unit I study Applications of ethnobotany 1) Ethnomedicines 2) Agriculture 3) Edible plants 4) Famine related plants, 5) Toxic plants and Antidotes Traditional medicines as used by tribals in maharashtra towards i) Skin ailments: Rubia cordfolia, Sandalwood ii) Liver ailments : Phyllanthus, Andrographis iii) Wound healing and ageing: Centella, Typha, Terminalia, Tridax iv) Fever : Vitex negundo, Tinospora cordifolia leaves v) Diabetis: Momordica charantia, Syzygium cuminii Mushroom Industry: Detail general account of production of mushrooms with respect to methods of Composting, spawning, casing, harvesting of mushroom. Cultivation of Pleurotus, Agaricus, Volvariella Mushroom to be studied in detail General account of mushrooms: Nutritional value, picking and packaging, economic importance BIOTECHNOLOGY I Construction of genomic DNA libraries, Chromosome libraries Unit II and c- DNA libraries Identification of specific cloned sequences in c DNA libraries and Genomic libraries Analysis of genes and gene transcripts Restriction enzyme, analysis of cloned DNA sequences, Hybridization (Southern Hybridization) INSTRUMENTATION Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry (Visible, UV and IR) - Instrumentation, working, principle and applications Unit III Chromatography: General account of Column chromatography. Principle and bedding material involved in adsorbtion and partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography Unit IV PHARMACOGNOSY AND MEDICINAL BOTANY Monographs of drugs with reference to biological sources, geographical distribution, common varieties, macro and microscopic characters, 9

10 chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, adulterants - Strychnos seeds Senna leaves Clove buds, Allium sativum (Garlic cloves) Acorus calamus (Rhizomes) Curcuma longa (Rhizome) Additional References: 1. RECENT ADVANCES IN ETHNOBOTANY SANJEEV KUMAR 2. A HANDBOOK OF ETHNOBOTANY BY S.K. JAIN, V. MUDGAL 3. PLANTS IN FOLK RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY (CONTRIBUTION TO ETHNOBOTANY BY S.K.JAIN 3 RD REV. ED.) 4. AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA AYUSH, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 5. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION A MANUAL BY AGRICULTURE COLLEGE, PUNE 6. PHARMACOGNOSY KHANDELWAL 7. PHARMACOGNOSY TREASE & EVANS 8. PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY WILSON & WALKER 9. MOLECULAR GENETICS RUSELL 10

11 Semester V Practical Course Code: SBOT5PR1 CLASSICAL BOTANY I & CLASSICAL BOTANY II (Credits : 4 Practicals/Week:8) 1. Study of aeromicrobiota by petriplate ex-posed method Fungal culture Bacterial culture 2. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of sucrose against selected micro organism 3. Study of antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method 4. Study of stages in the life cycle of the fol-lowing Algae from fresh / preserved material and permanent slide Polysiphonia Batrachospermum Vaucheria Pinnularia 5. Study of stages in the life cycle of the fol-lowing Fungi from fresh / preserved material and permanent slides Agaricus Puccinia Alternaria 6. Study of the following fungal diseases White rust Tikka disease in Groundnut Damping off disease Citrus canker Leaf curl 1. Study of the following form genera with the help of permanent slides/ photomicrographs: Calamites Lepidodendron Lyginopteris Pentoxylon 2. Morphology of Flower 3. Morphology of Fruit 4. Study of one plant each from the following angiosperm families Capparidaceae Umbelliferae Cucurbitaceae Rubiaceae Solanaceae Commelinaceae Graminae 5. Morphological peculiarities and economic importance of the members of the above mentioned Angiosperm families 6. Identifying the genus and species of a plant with the help of Flora 7. Study of anomalous secondary growth in the stems of the following plants using dou-ble staining technique: Bignonia Salvadora 11

12 Achyranthes Aristolochia Dracaena 8. Study of anomalous secondary growth in the roots of Beet Radish 9. Types of Stomata Anomocytic Anisocytic Diacytic Paracytic Graminaceous 10. Study of pollen morphology (NPC Analy-sis) by Chitalae s method: Hibiscus Datura Ocimum Crinum Pancratium Canna 11. Determination of pollen viability 12. Pollen analysis from honey sample unifloral and multifloral honey 13. Effect of varying concentration of sucrose on In vitro Pollen germination 12

13 Course Code: SBOT5PR2 APPROACHES IN PLANT SCIENCES V &RECENT ADVANCEMENTSIII (Credits : 4 Practicals/Week:8) 1. Mounting of Giant chromosomes from Chironomous larva 2. Smear preparation from Tradescantia buds 3. Predicting the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain that will be formed fol-lowing translation (Eukaryotic) 4. Estimation of Phosphate phosphorus (Plant acid extract) 5. Estimation of Iron (Plant acid extract) Note: Preparation of a standard graph and determination of the multiplication factor for Phosphate / Iron estimation using a given standard phosphate / Standard Iron solution should be done in regular practical as this will also be put as a question in practical exam 6. Estimation of following in given water sample: Dissolved oxygen demand Biological oxygen demand Hardness Salinity and chlorinity 7. Identification Multiple shoot culture, hairy root culture, somatic embryogenesis 8. Preparation of stock solutions for preparation of MS medium Note :Concept of preparation of specified mo-lar solutions should be taught and problems based on preparation of stock solutions for tissue culture media will be given. 1. Study of plants mentioned in theory for Ethnobotany 2. Mushroom cultivation (To be demonstraed) 3. Identification of various stages involved in mushroom cultivation spawn, pin head stage, mature/ harvest stage of Agaricus, Pleurotus, Volvariella 4. Growth curve of E.coli 5. Plasmid DNA isoloation and Separation of DNA using AGE 6. Restriction mapping (problems) 7. Southern bloting 8. Demonstration of Beer Lambert s Law 9. Experiment based on ion exchange chro-matography for demonstration 10. Experiment based on separation of dyes/ plant pigments using silica gel column. 11. Macroscopic/ Microscopic characters and Chemical tests for active constituents of the following plants: Allium Sativum Acorus calamus Curcuma longa Senna angustifolia Strychnos nux-vomica Eugenia caryophyllata 13

14 [A] Evaluation scheme for Theory courses Evaluation Scheme I. Semester End Examination ( SEE)- 100 Marks [B] Evaluation scheme for Practical courses: Semester end Examination: 50 Marks NOTE: 1. A minimum of FOUR field excursions (with at least one beyond the limits of Mumbai) for habitat studies are compulsory. Field work of not less than eight hours duration is equivalent to one period per week for a batch of fifteen students. 2. A candidate will be allowed to appear for the practical examinations only if he/she submits a certified journal of TYBSc Botany and the Field Report or a certificate from the Head of the Department/Institute to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of TYBSc Botany as per the minimum requirements. In case of loss of journal a candidate must produce a certificate from the Head of the Department/ Institute that the practical for the academic year were completed by the student. However such a candidate will be allowed to appear for the practical examination but the marks allotted for the journal will not be granted. 14