AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE CARYOPHYLLACEAE OF ALBERTA

Transcription

1 AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE CARYOPHYLLACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and written by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen February 2018 Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen

2 This key was compiled using information primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et al. (1998), and the Flora North America Association (2008). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript ( S1;S2;SU ) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious ( X; XX; XXX ) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016).

3 CARYOPHYLLACEAE Pink Family 1a Key to Genera 01a Stipules present, egg- to spatula-shaped, triangular, or bristle-like, mostly thin and translucent b Stipules absent a 02a Fruits 1-seeded, not splitting open (utricles); petals absent; sepals attached above the ovary, on the rim of the flower base (hypanthium), 2-3 mm long, obscurely hooded and tipped with a short bristle; forming tufts or mats on dry hills and ridges, s AB.... Paronychia sessiliflora 02b Fruits 3- to 150+-seeded capsules; petals present (rarely absent); sepals usually arising from the ovary base (sometimes from the rim of flower base/hypanthium) a 03a Leaves paired but appearing whorled, in clusters of 8-15, with 2 clusters per joint/node; capsules tipped with 5 styles, splitting into 5 parts.... Spergula arvensis X 03b Leaves paired, often with leaf clusters in their axils; capsules tipped with 3 styles and splitting into 3 parts.... Spergularia 3b 4a 5a 04a Sepals fused for (1/4)1/2+ their length, forming a cup or tube ( ); petals white to pink, red, or purple (rarely absent); sepals/petals/stamens attached below the ovary b Sepals separate (rarely fused at the base); petals usually white (sometimes yellowish, pink, brown or absent); sepals/petals/stamens attached below the ovary or on the rim of the flower base a Flowers with 2-6 sheathing bracts at the base; exotic weeds.... Dianthus 05b Flowers without sheathing bracts a 5b 06a Styles 3 or 5 (rarely 4); capsules splitting into 3 or 5 segments or opening via 6 or 10 teeth; flowers with both male and female parts or some species with male or female flowers on separate plants b Styles 2(3); capsules splitting into 4 parts (usually); flowers with both male and female parts a 07a Sepals with long, leaf-like lobes ( ), mm long; styles 3, opposite the petals; petals dark purple.... Agrostemma githago X 07b Sepals without leafy lobes, <20(25) mm long; styles alternating with petals; petals variously colored

4 8b 08a Flowers on 1-5 mm long stalks, in compact, head-like clusters; sepals mm long, reddish to purplish, 10-veined; petals pink, rose or lavender, with a slender, stalk-like base 6-8 mm long tipped with a broad, spreading lobe 4-7 mm long; plants mostly hairless and glandless, with a pale waxy coating (sometimes with a few short hairs and/or glands on upper parts), annual, exotic... Atocion armeria X...[Silene armeria] 08b Flowers and plants not as above.... Silene 8a 09a Flowers usually <1 cm long; sepals 1-5 mm long, forming a cone or cup with thin, translucent sections/joints between the sepals.... Gypsophila 09b Flowers usually >2 cm long; sepals 7-25 mm, forming a cylindric/tube, without conspicuous joints between the sepals a 10a 10a Plants perennial; flower clusters crowded or open; flower stalks 1-6 mm long; calyx tubes cylindrical; petals with 2 slender appendages at the base of the blade/at the top of the stalklike base.... Saponaria officinalis X 10b Plants annual; flower clusters open; flower stalks (5)10-30(55) mm; calyx tubes with 5 prominent, often winged ridges; petal without appendages....vaccaria hispanica X 10b 11a 11a Fruits 1-seeded, not splitting open (utricles); flowers inconspicuous, green, in leafy clusters, ± stalkless, without petals; plants annual, matforming, exotic weed.. Scleranthus annuus X 11b Fruits several- to many-seeded capsules, splitting open at maturity; flowers mostly conspicuous, stalked, usually with petals a Petals tipped with 2 lobes or deeply cut into 2 segments (sometimes nearly to the base) b Petals rounded, slightly notched or jagged a 13a Capsules cylindrical, often curved, opening by 10 teeth.... Cerastium (in part) 13b Capsules ovoid to globose, splitting into segments... Stellaria 14a 14a Capsule segments = # of styles b Capsule segments or teeth = 2 times # of styles a; 17a 13b 16a 15a Styles/capsule segments 4-5; sepals Sagina 15b Styles/capsule segments 3(4); sepals a Sepals oblong, with rounded/blunt tips Minuartia 16b Sepals lance- to egg-shaped, tapered to pointed tips....sabulina 15a 16b 17a Capsules cylindrical, opening by 10 teeth Cerastium (in part) 17b Capsules egg-shaped to urn-shaped or spherical, opening by 6 segments/teeth

5 18a 19a 19b 18a Leaf blades thread-like to awl-shaped or narrowly linear, usually crowded at/near the base of the flowering stem and tipped with a sharp point/spine (rarely blunt).. Eremogone 18b Leaf blades egg- to lance-shaped (sometimes narrowly so), not crowded at/near the base of the stem, tips blunt to pointed a Leaves elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 6-30(35) x 5-10 mm, blunt or rounded at the tip, separate from the opposite leaf; seeds with a fleshy white appendage (strophiole) Moehringia lateriflora 19b Leaves elliptic to broadly egg-shaped (round), 2-6(7) x 1-4 mm, pointed at the tip, joined to the opposite leaf at the base (at least slightly); seeds without a fleshy appendage.. Arenaria a 1b b 2a 4a 3a 4b ARENARIA Sandwort a-re-nā-rē-a 01a Plants perennial, from spreading rootstocks, native, alpine; stems 2-4 cm long; flowers solitary... Arenaria longipedunculata S2 01b Plants annual, exotic, weedy, from a slender taproot; stems (3)5-40 cm long; flowers Arenaria serpyllifolia X CERASTIUM Mouse-ear Chickweed se-ras-tē-um; ke-ras-tē-oom 01a Plants annual, all shoots producing flowering stems; petals sepals or slightly longer; capsules 2-3 times as long as sepals b Plants biennial or perennial, often with nonflowering offshoots; petals usually much longer than sepals (sometimes to sepals); capsules 1-2 times as long as sepals a Capsules longer than their stalks, the stalks often bent sharply back/down at the base Cerastium brachypodum 02b Capsules shorter than their stalks, the stalks sharply bent back/down at the tip Cerastium nutans 03a Leaves linear to narrowly Iance-shaped, with clusters of small leaves in upper leaf axils; stems erect or ascending; petals 2 times as long as sepals.... Cerastium arvense 03b Leaves oblong to elliptic or spatula-shaped, without small leaves in upper leaf axils; stems often spreading or sprawling; petals (rarely 2) times as long as sepals a Bracts at the base of flower clusters broad and leaf-like; petals usually (1)1.5(2) times as long as sepals; alpine, native Cerastium beeringianum 04b Bracts at the base of flower clusters small and slender, not leaf-like; petals 1(1.5) times as long as sepals; widespread weed, exotic.... Cerastium fontanum X [Cerastium vulgatum] 5

6 2a 2b 3a 4a 4b a 1b a 2a 2b a 1b DIANTHUS Pink dī-an-thus; dē-an-toos 01a Flowers in clusters of (rarely solitary); flower stalks 0.1-2(3) mm; flower bracts calyx in length b Flowers usually solitary (sometimes 2-4); flower stalks 4-25(30) mm; flower bracts absent a Flower clusters open, flat-topped (cymes), with (1)3-6 flowers; sepals hairy; leaves narrowly oblong to linear.... Dianthus armeria X 02b Flower clusters forming dense heads, 4- to 20+-flowered; sepals hairless (sometimes with hairs along the edges); leaves lance-elliptic Dianthus barbatus X 03a Stems and sepals hairy.dianthus deltoides X 03b Stems and sepals hairless a Petal tips irregularly cut into narrow segments 1/3-1/2 the blade length Dianthus plumarius X 04b Petal tips toothed, cut 1/4 of the blade length....dianthus seguieri X EREMOGONE Desertjoint e-re-mō-gon-ē 01a Flowering stems glandular-hairy above; flowers 1-12(18), in open, forked clusters (cymes); sepals 3-4 mm long..... Eremogone capillaris [Arenaria capillaris] 01b Flowering stems hairless; flowers 3-50+, in head-like clusters; sepals 4-5 mm long... Eremogone congesta [Arenaria congesta] GYPSOPHILA Baby s-breath jip-so-fi-la; gip-so-fi-la 01a Plants annual; petals (6)8-10(15) mm long Gypsophila elegans X 01b Plants perennial; petals 1-6 mm long a Leaf bases clasping the stem; flower clusters glandular hairy; calyx teeth 3-4 mm long; petals 4-6 mm long, purplish pink (at least tinged)....gypsophila scorzonerifolia X 02b Leaf bases not clasping; flower clusters hairless; calyx teeth mm long; petals 1-4 mm long, white (rarely light purplish pink) gypsophila paniculata XX MINUARTIA Stitchwort mi-nyoo-ar-tē-a; mi-noo-ar-tē-a 01a Leaves 3-sided, 3-veined; sepals mm long; petals egg- or spatula-shaped, times as long as sepals; flowers in clusters of Minuartia obtusiloba 01b Leaves flat, obscurely 1-veined; sepals mm long; petals narrowly oblong, times as long as sepals; flowers in clusters of Minuartia biflora 6

7 2a 4a 3a 1a 3b 3a 3b 4b 2a SABULINA Mountain-sandwort Sa- byoo-lē-na; Sa-boo-LĒ-na 01a Flowering stems hairless b Flowering stems glandular-hairy a Flowers 7-15, in open, branched clusters (cymes).... Sabulina dawsonensis... [Minuartia dawsonensis] 02b Flowers solitary a Sepals weakly 3-nerved, linear to lanceshaped, usually purple; petals times as long as the sepals, rarely absent sabulina elegans [Minuartia elegans;...arenaria rossii (in part)] 03b Sepals strongly 3-nerved, egg- to lanceshaped, usually green ; petals usually absent, if present then much shorter than the sepals..... Sabulina austromontana...[minuartia rossii (in part);... Minuartia austromontana] 04a Leaves prominently 1-veined, (5)8-10(20) mm x mm, often curved; sepals 3-6(7) mm long, 1- to 3-nerved, nerves often obscure Sabulina nuttallii [Minuartia nuttallii] 04b Leavesprominently 3-veined, 1.5-7(10) x mm, not curved; sepals mm long, prominently 3-nerved.... Sabulina rubella...[minuartia rubella] SAGINA Pearlwort sa-jī-na; sa-gē-na 01a Petals 3-5 mm long, twice as long as the sepals; upper stem leaves usually with clusters of tiny, succulent leaves in their axils Sagina nodosa S2 01b Petals <2.5 mm long, to slightly > than the sepals in length; upper stem leaves without clusters of tiny, succulent leaves, but sometimes with a few normal-sized leaves in their axils a Plants annual, usually without basal rosettes of leaves; stems very slender, thread-like; upper stem leaves awl-shaped, gradually shorter upwards on the stem; sandy sites; Hand Hills (1879) but no further AB records Sagina decumbens H 02b Plants perennial, usually with basal rosettes; stems not thread-like; upper stem leaves linear, sometimes awl-shaped on densely tufted plants a Plants densely tufted, forming cushions; stems leaves awl-shaped; sepal edges purple; petals and sepals in 4s (sometimes in 5s in a few of the flowers).... Sagina nivalis S1 03b Plants with ascending to sprawling stems, or forming mats (sometimes tufted in alpine sites); stem leaves linear; sepal edges white; petals and sepals in 5s.. Sagina saginoides 7

8 2a 4a 6b 3a 5a 6a 7a SILENE Campion si-lē-nē; sē-lā-nā 01a Stigmas 5 (rarely 4); capsules with 5 or 10 teeth (rarely 4 or 8) b Stigmas 3 (rarely 4-5); capsules with 3 or 6 teeth (rarely 4, 5, 8 or 10) a Flowers or (sexes on separate plants), mm across, fragrant, with white petals, open from evening to mid-morning; calyx 20-veined; calyx 10-veined; plants weedy, exotic... Silene latifolia XX... [Lychnis alba; Silene pratensis] 02b Flowers with both and parts, 5-15 mm across; calyces 10-veined; plants native (except S. chalcedonica) a Plants coarse, bristly hairy, cm tall, exotic, weedy; flowers in dense, head-like clusters of (3-)5-50, scarlet (rarely white or pink), stalkless or with stalks shorter than the calyx....silene chalcedonica X... [Lychnis chalcedonia] 03b Plants slender, hairless to glandular hairy, (2)5-50 cm tall; flowers mostly 1-3 (sometimes more in S. drummondii), white to pink or reddish purple, with stalks longer than the calyx a Flowers nodding (erect in fruit); calyces inflated, thin and papery; petals dusky purplered; seeds mm, broadly winged Silene uralensis 04b Flowers erect; calyces neither inflated nor very thin; petals white or pink (rarely dingy reddish purple); seeds mm, wing often narrow, sometimes absent a Seeds not winged, edged with tiny bumps (papillae), mm long; calyces tubular to narrowly elliptic.... Silene drummondii 05b Seeds winged, without papillae; calyces elliptic to bell-shaped a Stems 2-10(12) cm tall, with 1 flower (rarely 2-3); seeds (0.5)0.8-1(1.3) mm, the wing <1/4 the seed diameter; calyces elliptic, 7-10(12) mm long.... Silene hitchguirei S1 06b Stems cm with 1-3 flowers; seeds mm, the wing up to 1/2 the seed diameter; calyces bell-shaped, 8-20 mm long......silene involucrata... [Lychnis affinis; Silene furcata] 07a Plants <8 cm tall, cushion-forming; petals bright pink (rarely white).... Silene acaulis 07b Plants >8 cm tall, not cushion-forming; petals white (except S. conoidea) a Calyces with parallel veins b Calyces with 10 veins or veins obscure

9 9a 9b 11a 12b 12a 14a 14b 09a Calyces hairless, with 20 obscure veins; petals white, deeply 2-lobed at the tip and with appendages 0.5 mm long Silene csereii X (in part) 09b Calyces hairy and usually glandular, with prominent veins; petals deep pink, rounded or slightly notched at the tip and appendages with 2-4 mm long... Silene conoidea X 10a Calyces herbaceous (leaf-like), with obscure veins b Calyces with pale segments/seams between prominent parallel veins a Calyces hairy... Silene menziesii 11b Calyces hairless a Calyces only slightly inflated, 7-10 mm long in flower, in fruit 9-13 mm long, egg-shaped, narrowed at the mouth to 1/2 the diameter; stamens 2x the calyx length; filaments purple.... Silene csereii X (in part) 12b Calyces inflated, 9-12 mm long in flower, in fruit mm long, bell-shaped, not strongly narrowed at the mouth; stamens 1-1.3x the calyx length; filaments usually white silene vulgaris X [Silene cucubalus] 13a Plants annual or biennial, with slender taproots b Plants perennial, with thick, creeping rootstocks or stout, often woody taproots and branched bases a Calyces mostly 5-9 mm long, bell- to eggshaped, not contracted around the short ( <1 mm) inner capsule stalk (carpophore); upper stem leaves usually with broad sticky bands; dry sites in the Canadian Shield region, ne AB.... Silene antirrhina S1 14b Calyces 15-24(30) mm long, elliptic, narrowed at both ends, contracted around the inner 1-3 mm long capsule stalk (carpophore); upper stem leaves without broad sticky bands; weedy and widespread... Silene noctiflora X 15a Leaves 6-20(25) cm long; stem leaves in (1-2)3-12 pairs, not much reduced upwards; flowers 2-20, in congested whorls at 1-12 joints/nodes; flower stalks shorter than the calyces, bending back/out at the tip Silene scouleri SU [Lychnis elata] 15b Leaves 3-8 cm long; stem leaves in 2-3(4) pairs, progressively smaller upwards; flowers (1)2-7, 1-3 at few joints/nodes; flower stalks usually longer than the calyces, ascending..... Silene parryi 15a 15b 9

10 1a 6a 1a 7b 3a 3b 5a 7a 1b SPERGULARIA Sand Spurry sper-gyoo-lā-rē-a; sper-goo-la-rē-a 01a Capsules spherical, mm long; seeds black, mm long, pear-shaped, somewhat flattened, smooth; leaves 6-23 x mm Spergularia diandra X 01b Capsules egg-shaped, mm long; seeds brown, (0.9) mm long, egg-shaped, more or less plump, covered in tiny bumps (papillae); leaves (8)15-40 x mm spergularia salina [Spergularia marina] STELLARIA Chickweed ste-lā-rē-a; ste-la-rē-a 01a Plants more or less sticky glandular-hairy, low perennial forming loose mats of leafy, cm long stems; leaves egg-shaped, 8-20 x 2-13 mm, stalkless, blunt-tipped; Waterton NP....Stellaria americana S1 01b Plants not glandular-sticky; stems, leaves and distribution not as above a Mid-stem to lower leaves distinctly stalked, egg-shaped to broadly elliptic b Mid-stem to lower leaves stalkless or very short-stalked, elliptic to narrowly lanceshaped a Flowers single in axils of mid- to upperstem leaves; plants perennial, native, in the Waterton region...stellaria obtusa (in part) 03b Flowers several, in leafy, branched clusters; plants annual, exotic, widespread weed Stellaria media X 04a Flower-cluster bracts (at least the outermost), thin and translucent, whitish b Flower-cluster bracts green and leaf-like a Capsules sepals in length; plants annual, from thread-like taproots; dry, open sites in s BC and w US, probably in sw AB Stellaria nitens SU 05b Capsules > sepals in length; plants perennial, from creeping rootstocks (rhizomes) a Petals absent; flower clusters flat-topped, somewhat umbrella-shaped; leaves oblonglance-shaped, bending sharply back/down with age; rare in the s AB cordillera Stellaria umbellata S1 06b Petals present; leaves and flowers various.07 07a Leaves linear-lance-shaped, mostly widest at the base, erect, firm, often with a pale blue hue, 4-26(40) mm long; flower stalks erectascending.... Stellaria longipes (in part)... [includes Stellaria arenicola] 07b Leaves linear, tapered at both ends, spreading or loosely ascending, soft, green (not tinged pale blue), (8)20-40 mm long; flower stalks widely spreading....stellaria longifolia 10

11 13a 12a 10b 10a 11a 12b 13b 08a Leaves linear or elliptic-lance-shaped, usually much >4 times as long as wide a Leaves ovate-lance-shaped, <4 times as long as wide a Petals shorter than the sepals or absent b Petals or longer than the sepals a Capsules broadly egg-shaped to spherical, 1.5 times as long as wide; styles <1 mm long; sepals of open flowers <2.5 mm long, without veins (rarely 1 obscure vein); leaves 5-25 mm long.... Stellaria calycantha 10b Capsules egg-shaped, >1.5 times as long as wide; styles >1 mm long; sepals of open flowers >2.5 mm long, with 1-3 prominent veins; leaves mm...stellaria borealis...[stellaria calycantha, in part] 11a Leaves firm/leathery, keeled, often with a pale bluish hue; stems few, short, erect to ascending.... Stellaria longipes (in part)...[includes Stellaria arenicola] 11b Leaves soft, slightly fleshy, green; plants freely branching, often forming tangled mats a Sepals narrowly triangular-lance-shaped; stems weak and creeping, usually <5 cm tall, 3-30 cm long....stellaria crassifolia 12b Sepals triangular-egg-shaped; stems sprawling or ascending, >5 cm tall, (5)25-50 cm long....stellaria borealis... [Stellaria calycantha, in part] 13a Sepals with pointed tips and thin, translucent edges, and 3 prominent veins; styles 1 mm long, straight; capsules egg-shaped to almost elliptical, mm long.... Stellaria crispa 13b Sepals with blunt tips, green edges and ± obscure veins; styles <0.5 mm long, curled; capsules broadly egg-shaped to round, mm long....stellaria obtusa S1 11

12 References Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS) List of all Vascular Plant Taxa Confirmed for Alberta as recorded in the ACIMS database - October ACIMS, Government of Albert, Edmonton, Alberta. Brouillet, L., F. Coursol, S.J. Meades, M. Favreau, M. Anions, P. Bélisle & P. Desmet VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. canadensys.net/vascan/ Cullen, James, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey European Garden Flora: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Volume 3. Angiospermae Dicotyledons. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. Douglas, George W., Del Meidinger and Jim Pojar Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 2. Dicotyledons (Balsaminaceae through Cuscutaceae). British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC. Douglas, George W., Del Meidinger and Jim Pojar Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 8. General Summary, Maps and Keys. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC. Flora North America Association Flora North America Website. Online data accessed December 2015 to June Looman, J. and K.F. Best Budd s Flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, PQ. Moss, E.H The Flora of Alberta. Second Edition, Revised by John G. Packer. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. Province of Alberta Weed Control Act, Office Consolidation. Alberta Regulation 19/2010 with amendments up to and including Alberta Regulation 125/2016. Alberta Queen s Printer, Edmonton, AB. 12

13 List of Species and Illustration Sources Scientific Name Illus. Source Scientific Name Illus. Source Agrostemma githago Silene conoidea Arenaria longipedunculata BC of Prov. Silene csereii Prov. of BC Arenaria serpyllifolia Silene cserei (close-up) 1973 Atocion armeria Silene drummondii Cerastium arvense Silene hitchguirei Cerastium beeringianum Silene involucrata B&B Cerastium brachypodum B&B Silene latifolia Cerastium fontanum Silene menziesii Cerastium nutans Silene noctiflora Dianthus armeria Silene parryi Dianthus barbatus Silene scouleri Dianthus deltoides Silene uralensis Dianthus plumarius LK Silene vulgaris Dianthus seguieri LK Spergula arvensis Eremogone capillaris Spergularia diandra Eremogone congesta Spergularia salina Gypsophila elegans LK Stellaria americana Gypsophila paniculata Stellaria borealis LK Gypsophila wscorzonerifolia LK Stellaria calycantha Minuartia biflora B&B Stellaria crassifolia Minuartia obtusiloba Stellaria crispa Moehringia lateriflora Stellaria longifolia Paronychia sessiliflora Stellaria longipes Sabulina austromontana Stellaria media Sabulina dawsonensis Prov. of BC Stellaria nitens Sabulina elegans Stellaria obtusa Sabulina nuttallii Stellaria umbellata Sabulina rubella Vaccaria hispanica Sagina decumbens B&B Sagina nivalis LK Sagina nodosa B&B Sagina saginoides Saponaria officinalis Scleranthus annuus Silene acaulis JM Silene antirrhina Silene chalcedonica B&B 13

14 Key to Illustration Sources B&B = Britton, N. L. and A. Brown An illustrated flora of the northern United States and Canada. reprinted by Dover Publications in 1970 edition. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York. = Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Volume 5. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington = Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An illustrated Manual. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington Kershaw = Linda Kershaw. Maywood = John Maywood. Prov. of BC = illustrations from the Illustrated Flora of British Columbia (Douglas et. al. 1998), provided courtesy of the Province of British Columbia.. 14

15 Index Agrostemma githago 3 Arenaria 5 capillaris. See Eremegone capillaris congesta. See Eremogone congesta longipedunculata 5 rossii. See Sabulina elegans serpyllifolia 5 Atocion armeria 4 Cerastium 4 arvense 5 beeringianum 5 brachypodum 5 fontanum 5 nutans 5 vulgatum. See Cerastium fontanum Dianthus 3 armeria 6 barbatus 6 deltoides 6 plumarius 6 seguieri 6 Eremogone 5 capillaris 6 congesta 6 Gypsophila 4 elegans 6 paniculata 6 scorzonerifolia 6 Lychnis affinis. See Silene involucrata alba. See Silene latifolia chalcedonia. See Silene chalcedonia elata. See Silene scouleri Minuartia 4 austromontana. See Sabulina austromontana biflora 6 dawsonensis. See Sabulina dawsonensis elegans. See Sabulina elegans nuttallii. See Sabulina nuttallii obtusiloba 6 rossii. See Sabulina austromontana rubella. See Sabulina rubella Moehringia lateriflora 5 Paronychia sessiliflora 3 Sabulina 4 austromontana 7 dawsonensis 7 elegans 7 nuttallii 7 rubella 7 Sagina 4 decumbens 7 nivalis 7 nodosa 7 saginoides 7 Saponaria officinalis 4 Scleranthus annuus 4 Silene 4 acaulis 8 antirrhina 9 armeria. See Atocion armeria chalcedonica 8 conoidea 9 csereii 9 cucubalus. See Silene vulgaris drummondii 8 furcata. See Silene involucrata hitchguirei 8 involucrata 8 latifolia 8 menziesii 9 noctiflora 9 parryi 9 pratensis. See Silene latifolia scouleri 9 uralensis 8 vulgaris 9 Spergula arvensis 3 Spergularia 3 diandra 10 marina. See Spergularia salina salina 10 15

16 Stellaria 4 americana 10 arenicola. See Stellaria longipes borealis 11 calycantha 11. See also Stellaria borealis crassifolia 11 crispa 11 longifolia 10 longipes 10, 11 media 10 nitens 10 obtusa 10, 11 umbellata 10 Vaccaria hispanica 4 16