New Invasive Plant Species of Concern to BC s Grasslands: THE WHAT, WHERE AND HOW
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1 New Invasive Plant Species of Concern to BC s Grasslands: THE WHAT, WHERE AND HOW Presented by Becky Brown Invasive Plant Specialist Provincial EDRR Coordinator B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands & Natural Resource Operations May 17, 2017
2 OVERVIEW What is Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR)? EDRR Status Update for BC Feature Grassland Species (what, where, mngmt) How Can You Help?
3 EDRR CANDIDATE PLANT SPECIES Terrestrial and aquatic plants known to be invasive and damaging and not known to occur in BC or present in limited amounts.
4
5 EDRR PLANT PROGRAM UPDATE 45 EDRR candidate plant species: Risk assessments: 40 drafted 21 species in EDRR process (142 sites) 16 species under containment/eradication (121 sites)
6 INVASIVE PLANTS OF CONCERN TO B.C. GRASSLANDS PRESENT IN B.C. - UNDER ACTIVE MANAGEMENT Slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) Mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella) North African grass (Ventenata dubia) Jointed goat grass (Aegilops cylindrica)
7 Bruce Newhouse SLENDER FALSE BROME: (BRACHYPODIUM SYLVATICUM) Native to Eurasia Perennial bunchgrass Evergreen; nodding form Fringe of fine hairs along leaf and culm margins
8 Bruce Newhouse SLENDER FALSE BROME: WHAT IS IT? Young plant spider-like Flat, floppy leaf blades, freely releasing Ernie Sellentin FLNR Solid mats, cm tall Fibrous root
9 The Rainforest Fund Project Adolf Ceska SLENDER FALSE BROME: LOOK-ALIKES Columbia brome (Bromus vulgaris) Velvet grass (Holcus lanatus)
10 SLENDER FALSE BROME: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? One confirmed site in B.C.: 1-Cowichan Valley 62 ha concentrated on the north shore of Cowichan Lk Slender false brome: BC Distribution January 2016.
11 SLENDER FALSE BROME: POTENTIAL B.C. RANGE Red = highly susceptible to invasion Yellow = susceptible to invasion
12 SLENDER FALSE BROME : WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? Risk assessment: In draft Extent Surveys: Complete* Containment: In progress FLNR Targeted surveillance Targeted education
13 University of Nevada Orville Dyer BLACK HENBANE (HYOSCYAMUS NIGER) Native to Eastern Mediterranean Annual or biennial forb Up to 1.5m tall Erect, widely branched stem w/ alternating leaves Covered in sticky, dense hairs Leaves and flowers excrete foul odour
14 Nathan Belliston BLACK HENBANE: WHAT IS IT? Coarsely toothed, dark green leaves, partially lobed w/ conspicuous veins Flowers pale yellow, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, w/ purple veins and throat Distinct seed capsules Fleshy, white tap root
15 East London Nature BLACK HENBANE: LOOK-ALIKES White henbane (Hyocyamus albus)
16 23 confirmed sites in B.C.: BLACK HENBANE: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? 11-Cariboo (+3 eradicated) 2-OK-Similkameen 4-E. Kootenay 3-Thompson-Nicola 0.48 ha total Site eradication +5 yrs NWF Black henbane: BC Distribution January 2016.
17 University of Nevada BLACK HENBANE: WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? Risk assessment: In draft Extent Surveys: Complete Containment: Complete Eradication: In progress Targeted education Monitoring: In progress-3 sites eradicated
18 PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED (LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM) Lance-shaped, waxy leaves w/ distinct white mid-veins Lower leaves stalked, upper leaves shortstalked or stalkless Dense, white flower clusters at branch tips Native to Eurasia Perennial Broad-leaved w/ erect stems (1.5-2m tall) Grow from rhizomes (up to 3m deep) or semi-woody crowns
19 Paul Handford Jamie Fenneman PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED: LOOK-ALIKES Hoary cress (Lepidium draba) Field pepper grass (Lepidium campestre)
20 PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? 12 confirmed sites in B.C.: 1-Columbia-Shuswap 2-Cariboo 5-Thompson-Nicola 2-E. Kootenay 2-Peace River 1 ha total Site eradication +5 yrs NWF Perennial pepperweed: BC Distribution January 2016.
21 PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED: WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? University of California Risk assessment: In draft Extent Surveys: Complete Containment: Complete* Eradication: In progress Targeted education
22 FLNR MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED (HIERACIUM PILOSELLA) Native to United Kingdom and Europe Perennial Hairy, unbranched stems (10-25 cm tall) Single, small dandelion-like flower at top of stem Egg-shaped basal leaves (1-7 cm long), tapered at base Reproduce from stolons, rhizomes and seed
23 MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED (HIERACIUM PILOSELLA) Leaf upper surface dark green w/ many long simple (eyelash-like) hairs Leaf underside whitish w/ dense mat of short star-shaped hairs Milky latex in stems and leaves WiseAcre Gardens FLNR
24 MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED: LOOK-ALIKES Mouse-ear hawkweed Other yellow hawkweeds Usually single flower head Few to many flower heads on long stalks (peduncles), in open clusters Single stem Stems branched near the top Egg-shaped basal leaves Lance-shaped to elliptic basal leaves Basal leaf upper surface dark green with numerous long simple (eyelash-like) hairs, lower surface whitish from a dense mat of short hairs arranged in star formations (stellate) Basal leaves not white on lower surface
25 MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? 16 confirmed sites in B.C.: 7-Metro Van (88%) 8-Central Kootenay (+1 eradicated) 1-Boundary 57 ha total Site eradication +7 yrs NWF Mouse-ear hawkweed: BC Distribution January 2016.
26 MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED: WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? Risk assessment: In draft Extent Surveys: Complete Containment: In progress* Eradication: In progress Targeted education Monitoring: In progress (1 site eradicated) FLNR
27 NORTH AFRICAN GRASS (VENTENATA DUBIA) USDA NRCS Native to N. Africa, Europe Winter annual grass ID May to Jun* Vibrant green Reddish-black nodes Long ligules (1-8 mm) Shallow roots Erect, narrow, in-rolled culms (10-45 cm tall)
28 NORTH AFRICAN GRASS (VENTENATA DUBIA) Senescence (July-Aug): Lower awns straight Upper awns twisted & bent Twisted/bent awns unwind once wet and drill into soil Reproduces by seed Primary dispersal in contaminated grass seed mixtures Dave Skinner
29 Dave Skinner Jamie Fenneman Adolf Ceska NORTH AFRICAN GRASS: LOOK-ALIKES Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Timber oatgrass (Danthonia intermedia) Spike-oat grass (Avenula hookeri)
30 NORTH AFRICAN GRASS: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? One confirmed site in B.C.: 1-Metro Van ha total Site eradication +3 yrs NWF North African grass: BC Distribution January 2016.
31 NORTH AFRICAN GRASS: WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? Risk assessment: In draft Extent Surveys: Complete Containment: Complete Eradication: In progress Targeted education Supporting seed screening
32 SteveDewey Sam Brinker JOINTED GOAT GRASS (AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA) Native to SE Europe, W Asia Winter annual grass Numerous erect stems branching at base (40-60 cm tall) Alternate leaves, sparsely hairy, hairs evenly spaced on leaf margin, hairy auricles Richard Old, XID Services Inc.
33 WSU Extension Sam Brinker JOINTED GOAT GRASS (AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA) Narrow cylindrical seed head (5-10 cm long), alternately arranged spikelets on opposite sides of spike axis Roots shallow, fibrous Sig losses in winter wheat crop yield/quality* Can hybridize w/ wheat Reproduces by seed spread mainly in contaminated cereal crops Seeds viable after passing through cattle
34 CFIA Colorado State Uni JOINTED GOAT GRASS: LOOK-ALIKES
35 JOINTED GOAT GRASS: WHERE IS IT IN B.C.? One confirmed site in B.C.: 1-Cowichan Valley 0.04 ha total Site eradication +5 yrs NWF Jointed goat grass: BC Distribution January 2016.
36 JOINTED GOAT GRASS: WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT? Regulated pest under the CAN Plant Protection Act Prohibited noxious weed in the Weed Seeds Order, 2016 under the Seeds Act Importation and domestic movement of regulated plants and their propagative parts is prohibited CFIA is leading the response to new incursions in CAN Jointed goatgrass spikelets in wheat Risk assessment: Completed Eradication: In progress Phil Westra, Colorado State Uni
37 Jeff Schalau MORE SPECIES OF CONCERN TO B.C. GRASSLANDS Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) Not present - Close to B.C. border Yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
38 Learn how to identify IPs HOW CAN YOU HELP? Screen seed mixtures to ensure invasive plant free Report suspected new sites: or (Toll free) Plant non-invasive plants Stay informed
39 CONCLUSION What is EDRR? B.C. EDRR Status Update Priority grassland species of concern Become part of the solution!
40 THANK YOU! Becky Brown, P.Ag. Invasive Plant Specialist Provincial EDRR Coordinator B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands & Natural Resource Operations
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