Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree.
|
|
- Roderick Stone
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree. The morphological concensus mammal tree Two decades of molecular phylogeny Rooting the placental mammal tree Parallel adaptative radiations among placental mammals Dating the placental mammal diversification
2 INTRODUCTION Give a framework to interpret the evolution of morphological, physiological, behavorial and genomic features. Evaluating the role of plate tectonics and dispersal in the biogeographic history of this group.
3 THE MORPHOLOGICAL TREE Gregory, 1910 Armadillo Simpson, Mole McKenna, Novacek, Shoshani and McKenna, 1998 Elephant Shrew Anteater Shrew Tree shrew Flying lemurs sloth Pangolin Aardvark Hyrax Tenrec Dugon
4 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY -USING PROTEINS- Using hemoglobin, myoglobin, αa-cristallin, cytochrome c and ribonuclease for a limited taxon sampling: Belong to the afrotheria (Czelusniak et al. 1990)
5 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY -USING mtdna- Complete mitochondrial genomes Confirmed hypothesis Bats closer to ungulates than to primates Cetacea are nested into the artiodactyla Cetartiodactyla (Irwin & Arnason 1994 J.Mammal.Evol.) (Pumo et al JME)
6 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY -USING mtdna- Complete mitochondrial genomes (~ bp) Rejected hypothesis Hedgehog at the base of the tree. The guinea pig is not a rodent!! (D Erchia et al Nature) Arnason et al PNAS)
7 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY -USING nudna- When nuclear gene segments are analyzed: Poorly resolved and unstable topology Single genes can give misleading topology However they can still support: Hippo-whale clade Afrotheria
8 In the 1980 s and 1990 s: MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY -USING nudna- Incomplete and unbalanced taxon sampling, Relatively short segment of single genes. In the beginning of the 21 st century: concatenated DNA sequences from many different nuclear genes, representatives of all extant placental orders. ( bp, 42 species) (Murphy et al Science)
9 MORPHOLOGICAL VS. MOLECULAR TREES Morphological tree Nuclear tree
10 mtdna / ndna RESULT DISCREPENCIES? Unusual nucleotide composition: violate the model of evolution Unbalanced taxon sampling: long branch attraction Hedgehog and murid rodents: changes in their mutational process Mitochondrial genome: lack of resolution power Importance of the methods & Importance of the taxon sampling
11 THE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY - USING RGC - INDELS SCA1 (Poux et al MBE) BRCA1 (Madsen et al Nature)
12 THE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY - USING RGC - SINES Nishiara et al PNAS
13 ROOTING THE PLACENTAL TREE 2. Atlantogenata Understanding early placental biogeography Tubulidentata Xenarthra Cetartiodactyla Perissodactyla La u Macroscelidea Sirenia A f r ot her i a Proboscidea e s l ir Hyracoidea Primates Pholidota ra s i a Carnivora t he r i a 4 5 h og o Euarc nt Lagomorpha Dermoptera Scandentia Chiroptera Eulipotyphla Other rodents Muridae
14 PARALLEL ADAPTATIVE RADIATIONS Afrotheria Laurasiatheria Homologous vs. Analogous characters Share a common ancestor Same function evolve separately in different groups Homology Analogy 5 6 Madsen et al Nature; Springer et al TREE
15 PLACENTAL PHYLOGENY CONCLUSIONS Morphology and Molecules agree on 16 out of the 18 placental orders. Molecules corroborate the morphology-based Glires and Paenungulata Phylogenetic problems can be resolved by larger taxon sampling; large, diverse and independant dataset; moderne method of analysis; the discovery of GRC. mt protein-coding genes are not suited for deeper phylogenetic relationships
16 DATING THE PLACENTAL MAMMAL DIVERSIFICATION Intraordinal diversification 7 fossil calibrations Relaxed clock Interordinal diversification Springer et al PNAS
17 BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE PLACENTAL MAMMALS Vicariance vs. Dispersal Murphy et al Science
18 DATING THE PLACENTAL MAMMAL DIVERSIFICATION Supertree analyses: 30 fossils, 66 genes Lineages-through-time plot Did the rate of mammals diversification increase after the K/T mass extinction? Bininda-Emonds et al Nature
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More informationMolecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectivora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals
Project Report Molecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectivora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals By Shubhra Gupta CBS 598 Phylogenetic Biology and Analysis Life Science
More informationBelfield, Dublin, Ireland
This article was downloaded by:[university of California Riverside] On: 27 September 2007 Access Details: [subscription number 768495051] Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/19216
More informationA Survey of Clustering Analysis and Clustering Analysis in Graphs
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses & Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Summer 2018 A Survey of Clustering Analysis and Clustering Analysis
More informationHow should we organize the diversity of animal life?
How should we organize the diversity of animal life? The difference between Taxonomy Linneaus, and Cladistics Darwin What are phylogenies? How do we read them? How do we estimate them? Classification (Taxonomy)
More informationChapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Phylogenies Show Evolutionary Relationships
Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life You Must Know The taxonomic categories and how they indicate relatedness. How systematics is used to develop phylogenetic trees. How to construct a phylogenetic
More informationRNA-based Phylogenetic Methods: Application to Mammalian Mitochondrial RNA Sequences.
RNA-based Phylogenetic Methods: Application to Mammalian Mitochondrial RNA Sequences. Cendrine Hudelot 1, Vivek Gowri-Shankar 2, Howsun Jow 2, Magnus Rattray 2 and Paul G. Higgs 3 1 School of Biological
More informationCongruent Mammalian Trees from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Using Bayesian Methods
Congruent Mammalian Trees from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Using Bayesian Methods Aurelio Reyes,* Carmela Gissi, Francois Catzeflis,à Eviatar Nevo, Graziano Pesole, and Cecilia Saccone *Sezione di
More information8/23/2014. Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter 26 Objectives Explain the following characteristics of the Linnaean system of classification: a. binomial nomenclature b. hierarchical classification List the major
More informationMultidimensional Vector Space Representation for Convergent Evolution and Molecular Phylogeny
MBE Advance Access published November 17, 2004 Multidimensional Vector Space Representation for Convergent Evolution and Molecular Phylogeny Yasuhiro Kitazoe*, Hirohisa Kishino, Takahisa Okabayashi*, Teruaki
More informationTHE ENIGMATIC EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF PALEOCENE MAMMALS AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR THE TERTIARY RADIATION OF PLACENTAL MAMMALS
THE ENIGMATIC EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF PALEOCENE MAMMALS AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR THE TERTIARY RADIATION OF PLACENTAL MAMMALS Thomas John Dixon Halliday UCL Submitted for examination for the degree
More informationReconstructing the history of lineages
Reconstructing the history of lineages Class outline Systematics Phylogenetic systematics Phylogenetic trees and maps Class outline Definitions Systematics Phylogenetic systematics/cladistics Systematics
More informationAddress: Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL , USA.
Minireview Colugos: obscure mammals glide into the evolutionary limelight Robert D Martin BioMed Central Address: Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Email: rdmartin@fieldmuseum.org
More informationMolecular sequence data are increasingly used in mammalian
Protein sequence signatures support the African clade of mammals Marjon A. M. van Dijk*, Ole Madsen*, François Catzeflis, Michael J. Stanhope, Wilfried W. de Jong*, and Mark Pagel *Department of Biochemistry,
More informationEvolutionary History of LINE-1 in the Major Clades of Placental Mammals
Evolutionary History of LINE-1 in the Major Clades of Placental Mammals Paul D. Waters 1,2, Gauthier Dobigny 1,3, Peter J. Waddell 4,5, Terence J. Robinson 1 * 1 Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department
More informationPhylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26
Phylogeny Chapter 26 Taxonomy Taxonomy: ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature,
More informationBio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007
Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #5 -- Molecular genetics and molecular evolution
More informationReanalysis of Murphy et al. s Data Gives Various Mammalian Phylogenies and Suggests Overcredibility of Bayesian Trees
J Mol Evol (2003) 57:S290 S296 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-003-0039-7 Reanalysis of Murphy et al. s Data Gives Various Mammalian Phylogenies and Suggests Overcredibility of Bayesian Trees Kazuharu Misawa, Masatoshi
More informationEvidence for Evolution
Evidence for Evolution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Paleontology Comparative Anatomy Embryology Comparative Biochemistry Geographical Distribution How old is everything? The History of Earth as a Clock Station 1: Paleontology
More informationArticle. Reference. Early history of mammals is elucidated with the ENCODE multiple species sequencing data. NIKOLAEV, Sergey, et al.
Article Early history of mammals is elucidated with the ENCODE multiple species sequencing data NIKOLAEV, Sergey, et al. Abstract Understanding the early evolution of placental mammals is one of the most
More informationPhylogenies & Classifying species (AKA Cladistics & Taxonomy) What are phylogenies & cladograms? How do we read them? How do we estimate them?
Phylogenies & Classifying species (AKA Cladistics & Taxonomy) What are phylogenies & cladograms? How do we read them? How do we estimate them? Carolus Linneaus:Systema Naturae (1735) Swedish botanist &
More informationIntegrative Biology 200 "PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOGENETICS" Spring 2018 University of California, Berkeley
Integrative Biology 200 "PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOGENETICS" Spring 2018 University of California, Berkeley B.D. Mishler Feb. 14, 2018. Phylogenetic trees VI: Dating in the 21st century: clocks, & calibrations;
More informationPhylogenetic Trees. How do the changes in gene sequences allow us to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between related species?
Why? Phylogenetic Trees How do the changes in gene sequences allow us to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between related species? The saying Don t judge a book by its cover. could be applied
More informationClassification and Phylogeny
Classification and Phylogeny The diversity of life is great. To communicate about it, there must be a scheme for organization. There are many species that would be difficult to organize without a scheme
More informationBIOLOGY 435 MAMMALOGY
BIOLOGY 435 MAMMALOGY FALL 2012 Jay Bogiatto, M.S., Faculty Meeting: Lecture (T 3-5p), Lab (R 2-5P) in Holt Hall 235 Office/Hours: Holt Hall 211 / M. 3-5P and by Appt. Email: rbogiatto@csuchico.edu COURSE
More informationLecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011
Lecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011 Phylogenetic tree (phylogeny) Darwin and classification: In the Origin, Darwin said that descent from a common ancestral species could explain why the Linnaean system
More informationMacroevolution Part I: Phylogenies
Macroevolution Part I: Phylogenies Taxonomy Classification originated with Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century. Based on structural (outward and inward) similarities Hierarchal scheme, the largest most
More informationClassification and Phylogeny
Classification and Phylogeny The diversity it of life is great. To communicate about it, there must be a scheme for organization. There are many species that would be difficult to organize without a scheme
More informationUoN, CAS, DBSC BIOL102 lecture notes by: Dr. Mustafa A. Mansi. The Phylogenetic Systematics (Phylogeny and Systematics)
- Phylogeny? - Systematics? The Phylogenetic Systematics (Phylogeny and Systematics) - Phylogenetic systematics? Connection between phylogeny and classification. - Phylogenetic systematics informs the
More informationChapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
Chapter Review 1. Use the phylogenetic tree shown at the right to complete the following. a. Explain how many clades are indicated: Three: (1) chimpanzee/human, (2) chimpanzee/ human/gorilla, and (3)chimpanzee/human/
More informationBiology 1B Evolution Lecture 2 (February 26, 2010) Natural Selection, Phylogenies
1 Natural Selection (Darwin-Wallace): There are three conditions for natural selection: 1. Variation: Individuals within a population have different characteristics/traits (or phenotypes). 2. Inheritance:
More informationOrthologous loci for phylogenomics from raw NGS data
Orthologous loci for phylogenomics from raw NS data Rachel Schwartz The Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Rachel.Schwartz@asu.edu May 2, 205 Big data for phylogenetics Phylogenomics requires
More informationHistorical Biogeography. Historical Biogeography. Systematics
Historical Biogeography I. Definitions II. Fossils: problems with fossil record why fossils are important III. Phylogeny IV. Phenetics VI. Phylogenetic Classification Disjunctions debunked: Examples VII.
More informationFrom then till now the Cenozoic
From then till now the Cenozoic Not just a steady increase in diversity over time... Earth s history helped shape the evolution of vertebrates, especially mammals. Positions of the continents affected
More informationConcept Modern Taxonomy reflects evolutionary history.
Concept 15.4 Modern Taxonomy reflects evolutionary history. What is Taxonomy: identification, naming, and classification of species. Common Names: can cause confusion - May refer to several species (ex.
More informationBiosc 41 Announcements 12/1
Biosc 41 Announcements 12/1 Review: evolution (chapters 22, 23) Today s lecture: speciation and human evolution Today s lab: work on group presentations for Wed Wed s lecture: conservation biology Wed
More informationReciprocal chromosome painting among human, aardvark, and elephant (superorder Afrotheria) reveals the likely eutherian ancestral karyotype
Reciprocal chromosome painting among human, aardvark, and elephant (superorder Afrotheria) reveals the likely eutherian ancestral karyotype F. Yang*, E. Z. Alkalaeva, P. L. Perelman, A. T. Pardini, W.
More informationLecture V Phylogeny and Systematics Dr. Kopeny
Delivered 1/30 and 2/1 Lecture V Phylogeny and Systematics Dr. Kopeny Lecture V How to Determine Evolutionary Relationships: Concepts in Phylogeny and Systematics Textbook Reading: pp 425-433, 435-437
More informationClassification, Phylogeny yand Evolutionary History
Classification, Phylogeny yand Evolutionary History The diversity of life is great. To communicate about it, there must be a scheme for organization. There are many species that would be difficult to organize
More informationAmira A. AL-Hosary PhD of infectious diseases Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut
Amira A. AL-Hosary PhD of infectious diseases Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University-Egypt Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic Basics: Biological
More informationMonotremes and Marsupials
Monotremes and Marsupials Mammals that took a different route BIOL212 Development Figure 34.2 ANCESTRAL DEUTEROSTOME Notochord Common ancestor of chordates Head Vertebral column Jaws, mineralized skeleton
More informationPhylogeny and systematics. Why are these disciplines important in evolutionary biology and how are they related to each other?
Phylogeny and systematics Why are these disciplines important in evolutionary biology and how are they related to each other? Phylogeny and systematics Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species
More informationChapter 26. Phylogeny and the Tree of Life. Lecture Presentations by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Lecture Presentations by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Investigating the Tree of Life Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of
More informationName. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014
Name 1 Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014 1. Use the following matrix of nucleotide sequence data and the corresponding tree to answer questions a. through h. below. (16 points)
More informationUltraconserved elements are novel phylogenomic markers that resolve placental mammal phylogeny when combined with species-tree analysis
Method Ultraconserved elements are novel phylogenomic markers that resolve placental mammal phylogeny when combined with species-tree analysis John E. McCormack, 1,8 Brant C. Faircloth, 2 Nicholas G. Crawford,
More informationOrganizing Life s Diversity
17 Organizing Life s Diversity section 2 Modern Classification Classification systems have changed over time as information has increased. What You ll Learn species concepts methods to reveal phylogeny
More informationUsing phylogenetics to estimate species divergence times... Basics and basic issues for Bayesian inference of divergence times (plus some digression)
Using phylogenetics to estimate species divergence times... More accurately... Basics and basic issues for Bayesian inference of divergence times (plus some digression) "A comparison of the structures
More informationAnatomy of a species tree
Anatomy of a species tree T 1 Size of current and ancestral Populations (N) N Confidence in branches of species tree t/2n = 1 coalescent unit T 2 Branch lengths and divergence times of species & populations
More informationHow Molecules Evolve. Advantages of Molecular Data for Tree Building. Advantages of Molecular Data for Tree Building
How Molecules Evolve Guest Lecture: Principles and Methods of Systematic Biology 11 November 2013 Chris Simon Approaching phylogenetics from the point of view of the data Understanding how sequences evolve
More informationSpecies diversification in space: biogeographic patterns
Species diversification in space: biogeographic patterns Outline Endemism and cosmopolitanism Disjunctions Biogeographic regions Barriers and interchanges Divergence and convergence Biogeographic patterns
More informationChapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 1. Key Concepts Pertaining to Phylogeny 2. Determining Phylogenies 3. Evolutionary History Revealed in Genomes 1. Key Concepts Pertaining to Phylogeny PHYLOGENY
More informationEstimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML
Estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML Stéphane Guindon, Frédéric Delsuc, Jean-François Dufayard, Olivier Gascuel To cite this version: Stéphane Guindon, Frédéric Delsuc, Jean-François Dufayard,
More informationMechanisms of Evolution Darwinian Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution Darwinian Evolution Descent with modification by means of natural selection All life has descended from a common ancestor The mechanism of modification is natural selection Concept
More informationAP Biology. Evolution is "so overwhelmingly established that it has become irrational to call it a theory." Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection
Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution is "so overwhelmingly established that it has become irrational to call it a theory." -- Ernst Mayr What Evolution Is 2001 Professor Emeritus, Evolutionary
More informationARTICLES. The delayed rise of present-day mammals
Vol 446 29 March 2007 doi:10.1038/nature05634 ARTICLES The delayed rise of present-day mammals Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds 1 {, Marcel Cardillo 2 {, Kate E. Jones 4, Ross D. E. MacPhee 5, Robin M. D. Beck
More informationConcepts and Methods in Molecular Divergence Time Estimation
Concepts and Methods in Molecular Divergence Time Estimation 26 November 2012 Prashant P. Sharma American Museum of Natural History Overview 1. Why do we date trees? 2. The molecular clock 3. Local clocks
More information"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution Theodosius Dobzhansky
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution Theodosius Dobzhansky EVOLUTION - theory that groups of organisms change over time so that descendeants differ structurally
More informationAre Guinea Pigs Rodents? The Importance of Adequate Models in Molecular Phylogenetics
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1997 Are Guinea Pigs Rodents? The Importance of Adequate Models in Molecular Phylogenetics Jack Sullivan1'2 and David L. Swofford1 The monophyly of Rodentia
More informationMETHODS FOR DETERMINING PHYLOGENY. In Chapter 11, we discovered that classifying organisms into groups was, and still is, a difficult task.
Chapter 12 (Strikberger) Molecular Phylogenies and Evolution METHODS FOR DETERMINING PHYLOGENY In Chapter 11, we discovered that classifying organisms into groups was, and still is, a difficult task. Modern
More informationPHYLOGENY & THE TREE OF LIFE
PHYLOGENY & THE TREE OF LIFE PREFACE In this powerpoint we learn how biologists distinguish and categorize the millions of species on earth. Early we looked at the process of evolution here we look at
More informationRate of Evolution Juliana Senawi
Rate of Evolution Juliana Senawi Rate of Evolution Measurement of the change in an evolutionary lineage overtime Radiometric and paleomagnetic dating provide an effective basis for determining the age
More information31/10/2012. Human Evolution. Cytochrome c DNA tree
Human Evolution Cytochrome c DNA tree 1 Human Evolution! Primate phylogeny! Primates branched off other mammalian lineages ~65 mya (mya = million years ago) Two types of monkeys within lineage 1. New World
More informationChapter 19: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny
Chapter 19: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny AP Curriculum Alignment Chapter 19 expands on the topics of phylogenies and cladograms, which are important to Big Idea 1. In order for students to understand
More informationPhylogeny & Systematics: The Tree of Life
Phylogeny & Systematics: The Tree of Life An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom, and a tulip? Molecular systematics has revealed that despite appearances
More informationDr. Amira A. AL-Hosary
Phylogenetic analysis Amira A. AL-Hosary PhD of infectious diseases Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University-Egypt Phylogenetic Basics: Biological
More informationSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. Using Anatomy, Embryology, Biochemistry, and Paleontology
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Using Anatomy, Embryology, Biochemistry, and Paleontology Scientific Fields Different fields of science have contributed evidence for the theory of
More informationEvidence for Evolution by Natural Selection Regents Biology
Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection Objective: Determine the different types of evidence for proving evolution Evidence supporting evolution Fossil record shows change over time Comparative Anatomy
More informationComplex evolutionary history of the vertebrate sweet/umami taste receptor genes
Article SPECIAL ISSUE Adaptive Evolution and Conservation Ecology of Wild Animals doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5811-5 Complex evolutionary history of the vertebrate sweet/umami taste receptor genes FENG Ping
More informationRobust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals
Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals Yasuhiro Kitazoe 1 *, Hirohisa Kishino 2, Peter J. Waddell 2,3, Noriaki Nakajima 1, Takahisa Okabayashi 1, Teruaki Watabe 1,
More informationEvidence of Evolution by Natural Selection. Dodo bird
Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection Dodo bird 2007-2008 Evidence supporting evolution Fossil record transition species Anatomical record homologous & vestigial structures embryology & development
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/19111
More information3 Hours 18 / 06 / 2012 EXAMS OFFICE USE ONLY University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Course or topic No(s) ANAT 4000
3 Hours 18 / 06 / 2012 EXAMS OFFICE USE ONLY University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Course or topic No(s) ANAT 4000 Course or topic name(s) Paper Number & title HUMAN BIOLOGY HONOURS: PAPER 1 Examination
More informationUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research
Puttick, M. N., Thomas, G. H., & Benton, M. J. (2016). Dating placentalia: Morphological clocks fail to close the molecular-fossil gap. Evolution, 70(4), 873-886. DOI: 10.1111/evo.12907 Publisher's PDF,
More informationPHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION/HEREDITY UNIT Unit 1 Part 11 Chapter 26 Activity #15 NAME DATE PERIOD PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS PHYLOGENY Evolutionary history of species or group of related species SYSTEMATICS Study
More informationWelcome to Evolution 101 Reading Guide
Name: Welcome to Evolution 101 Reading Guide http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01 Read the information on the website. Click on the next arrow at the bottom of each page to move to the
More informationEfforts to identify genetic changes that underlie phenotypic
Differential loss of embryonic globin genes during the radiation of placental mammals Juan C. Opazo*, Federico G. Hoffmann, and Jay F. Storz School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
More informationBiology 2. Lecture Material. For. Macroevolution. Systematics
Biology 2 Macroevolution & Systematics 1 Biology 2 Lecture Material For Macroevolution & Systematics Biology 2 Macroevolution & Systematics 2 Microevolution: Biological Species: Two Patterns of Evolutionary
More informationCHAPTER 26 PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE Connecting Classification to Phylogeny
CHAPTER 26 PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE Connecting Classification to Phylogeny To trace phylogeny or the evolutionary history of life, biologists use evidence from paleontology, molecular data, comparative
More informationModern Evolutionary Classification. Section 18-2 pgs
Modern Evolutionary Classification Section 18-2 pgs 451-455 Modern Evolutionary Classification In a sense, organisms determine who belongs to their species by choosing with whom they will mate. Taxonomic
More informationHuman Evolution
http://www.pwasoh.com.co Human Evolution Cantius, ca 55 mya The continent-hopping habits of early primates have long puzzled scientists, and several scenarios have been proposed to explain how the first
More informationof Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; 3
John E. McCormack, 1,8 Brant C. Faircloth, 2 Nicholas G. Crawford, 3 Patricia Adair Gowaty, 4,5 Robb T. Brumfield 1,6 & Travis C. Glenn 7 1 Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton
More informationWarm-Up- Review Natural Selection and Reproduction for quiz today!!!! Notes on Evidence of Evolution Work on Vocabulary and Lab
Date: Agenda Warm-Up- Review Natural Selection and Reproduction for quiz today!!!! Notes on Evidence of Evolution Work on Vocabulary and Lab Ask questions based on 5.1 and 5.2 Quiz on 5.1 and 5.2 How
More informationCHAPTERS 24-25: Evidence for Evolution and Phylogeny
CHAPTERS 24-25: Evidence for Evolution and Phylogeny 1. For each of the following, indicate how it is used as evidence of evolution by natural selection or shown as an evolutionary trend: a. Paleontology
More informationHuman Evolution. Darwinius masillae. Ida Primate fossil from. in Germany Ca.47 M years old. Cantius, ca 55 mya
http://www.pwasoh.com Human Evolution Cantius, ca 55 mya The continent-hopping habits of early primates have long puzzled scientists, and several scenarios have been proposed to explain how the first true
More information10 Biodiversity Support. AQA Biology. Biodiversity. Specification reference. Learning objectives. Introduction. Background
Biodiversity Specification reference 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 Learning objectives After completing this worksheet you should be able to: recall the definition of a species and know how the binomial system is
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 24. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 24 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification 2 of 24 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification Evolutionary Classification Evolutionary Classification Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships
More informationCladistics and Bioinformatics Questions 2013
AP Biology Name Cladistics and Bioinformatics Questions 2013 1. The following table shows the percentage similarity in sequences of nucleotides from a homologous gene derived from five different species
More informationPhylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Based on the idea that organisms are related by evolution
Bio 1M: Phylogeny and the history of life 1 Phylogeny S25.1; Bioskill 11 (2ndEd S27.1; Bioskills 3) Bioskills are in the back of your book Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
More informationLocal Molecular Clocks in Three Nuclear Genes: Divergence Times for Rodents and Other Mammals and IncompatibilityAmong Fossil Calibrations
J Mol Evol (2003) 57:S201 S213 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-003-0028-x Local Molecular Clocks in Three Nuclear Genes: Divergence Times for Rodents and Other Mammals and IncompatibilityAmong Fossil Calibrations
More informationPoints of View Matrix Representation with Parsimony, Taxonomic Congruence, and Total Evidence
Points of View Syst. Biol. 51(1):151 155, 2002 Matrix Representation with Parsimony, Taxonomic Congruence, and Total Evidence DAVIDE PISANI 1,2 AND MARK WILKINSON 2 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University
More informationC.DARWIN ( )
C.DARWIN (1809-1882) LAMARCK Each evolutionary lineage has evolved, transforming itself, from a ancestor appeared by spontaneous generation DARWIN All organisms are historically interconnected. Their relationships
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS. Chapter 18
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS Chapter 18 How many species are there? About 1.8 million species have been given scientific names Nearly 2/3 of which are insects 99% of all known animal species are smaller
More informationChapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter focus Shifting from the process of how evolution works to the pattern evolution produces over time. Phylogeny Phylon = tribe, geny = genesis or origin
More informationCombined Sum of Squares Penalties for Molecular Divergence Time Estimation
Combined Sum of Squares Penalties for Molecular Divergence Time Estimation Peter J. Waddell 1 Prasanth Kalakota 2 waddell@med.sc.edu kalakota@cse.sc.edu 1 SCCC, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
More informationPhylogenetics in the Age of Genomics: Prospects and Challenges
Phylogenetics in the Age of Genomics: Prospects and Challenges Antonis Rokas Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University http://as.vanderbilt.edu/rokaslab http://pubmed2wordle.appspot.com/
More informationIn a way, organisms determine who belongs to their species by choosing with whom they will! MODERN EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION 18-2 MATE
MODERN EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION 18-2 In a way, organisms determine who belongs to their species by choosing with whom they will! MATE Taxonomic groups are invented by scientists to group organisms with
More informationMolecular phylogeny How to infer phylogenetic trees using molecular sequences
Molecular phylogeny How to infer phylogenetic trees using molecular sequences ore Samuelsson Nov 2009 Applications of phylogenetic methods Reconstruction of evolutionary history / Resolving taxonomy issues
More informationReviewers' comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author):
Reviewers' comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author): The affinities of native South American ungulates have been problematic since their discovery, and has become even more enigmatic as more detailed
More informationPhylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom, and a tulip? Molecular systematics has revealed that despite
More information