Name Date Class. W What I Want to Learn. Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3. NEW binomial nomenclature species genus dichotomous key cladogram

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1 Name Date Class Chapter 9 1 The Practice of Science 2 The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge 14 Organization and Development of Living Organisms 15 Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms THINK ABOUT IT! What are living things, and how can they be classified? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about how living things are classified In the first column, share three things you already know about kinds of living things In the second column, record three things that you would like to learn more about When you have completed the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete the What I Learned column K What I Know Chapter Vocabulary W What I Want to Learn Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 NEW organism cell unicellular multicellular homeostasis NEW binomial nomenclature species genus dichotomous key cladogram NEW light microscope compound microscope electron microscope ACADEMIC identify REVIEW atom L What I Learned A Lesson Content Vocabulary page for each lesson is provided in the Chapter Resources Files Classifying and Exploring Life 283 Classifying and Exploring Life 283

2 Lesson 1 Characteristics of Life LA6223, SC6L142, SC6L143, SC6N11, SC6N21 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss your thoughts with a classmate Characteristics of Life 301 Organize information about living and nonliving things Complete the word web with the 6 characteristics of life maintain certain internal conditions Study Guide Study Guide Organization 302 Growth and Development Classifying and Exploring Life respond use energy Living Things Describe the 2 types of organization in organisms 1 Unicellular: one cell that includes structures with specialized functions 2 Multicellular: have few or many cells; cells organized into groups that have specialized functions Compare growth and development of multicellular and unicellular organisms How the organism grows and develops reproduce Multicellular Organism grows as the number of cells increases organized grow and develop Unicellular Organism grows as the size of the cell increases 284 Classifying and Exploring Life

3 Lesson 1 Characteristics of Life (continued) Reproduction 303 Define reproduction Then identify 2 ways in which organisms reproduce Reproduction: the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms Organisms reproduce by: 1 dividing and becoming new organisms Responses to Stimuli using specialized cells Identify 2 types of stimuli, and provide two examples of each Description: response to change Two examples: 1 2 Internal hunger thirst internal Stimuli Description: response to change Two examples: 1 2 External environmental light temperature Classifying and Exploring Life 285 Classifying and Exploring Life 285

4 Lesson 1 Characteristics of Life (continued) Homeostasis 305 Analyze the effect of homeostasis Complete the cause-and-effect char t NGSSS Check Why is maintaining homeostasis important to organisms? SC6L142 Homeostasis ensures that an organism can function Cause Homeostasis maintained Homeostasis not maintained Effect Cells can function Organism becomes sick or dies Study Guide Study Guide lion Sequence how energy flows from the Sun to a mountain Sun Use the characteristics shared by all living things to explain why a clock is not a living thing Accept all reasonable responses Sample answer: A clock uses energy, has internal conditions, and is organized However, a clock does not grow and develop, reproduce, or respond to stimuli 286 Classifying and Exploring Life desert paintbrush pronghorn mountain lion 286 Classifying and Exploring Life

5 Lesson 2 Classifying Organisms LA6223, SC6L151, SC6N11, SC6N14 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss your thoughts with a classmate Classifying Living Things 311 Identify the ways Aristotle organized, or classified, living things Plants Animals Determining Kingdoms NGSSS Check What evidence is used to classify living things into groups? SC6L151 Cell type, habitat, how the organism obtains food and energy, common ancestry, molecules within an organism (such as DNA) according to: a structure and size tree b whether it is, herb, or shrub according to: a presence of b shape and size c environment Indicate the 5 kingdoms that Whittaker proposed for classifying organisms 1 Monera 4 Plantae 2 Protista 5 3 Bacteria Eukarya Classify groups of organisms into domains and kingdoms Archaea Fungi Domain Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia red blood Animalia Kingdom Classifying and Exploring Life 287 Classifying and Exploring Life 287

6 Lesson 2 Classifying Organisms (continued) Scientific Names 313 Organize information about binomial nomenclature by defining each part of a brown bear s scientific name NGSSS Check Why does every species have a scientific name? SC6L151 Scientific names allow people all over the world to identify an organism because each scientific Level of classification: genus Description: group of similar species Ursus ar ctus Level of classification: species Description: group of organisms that can produce Study Guide Study Guide name is unique and applies to only one type of organism 314 Classification Tools Classifying and Exploring Life Summarize why scientific names are important Compare a dichotomous key and a cladogram Dichotomous Key fertile offspring Scientific names make communication about species more effective because several species or even several types of organisms might have the same common name a series of questions, each with two possible answers, that can be used to identify an organism Cladogram branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms Compare your first and last names with a scientific name Accept all reasonable responses Sample answer: A person usually has a given (first) name and a last name, which identifies the father s family In binomial nomenclature, the genus corresponds to a person s family name, and the species corresponds to the given name 288 Classifying and Exploring Life

7 Lesson 3 Exploring Life LA6223, MA6A36, SC6L151, SC6N11 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss your thoughts with a classmate The Development of Microscopes 319 Describe two ways that microscopes have changed people s ideas about living things Microscopes help people Types of Microscopes 320 see details make discoveries Describe Anton van Leeuwenhoek s microscope A nton van Leeuwenhoek s microscope was made in the late 1600s one lens The microscope had and could magnify an image 270 times Leeuwenhoek observed pond water, blood cells, and insects with his microscope Explain what Hooke discovered with his microscope Hooke observed and studied plant cells Identify 2 characteristics of all microscopes Microscopes KB magnification resolution Classifying and Exploring Life 289 Classifying and Exploring Life 289

8 Lesson 3 Exploring Life (continued) 320 Organize information about light microscopes by completing the graphic organizer Magnification up to 1,500 times Resolution about 02 micrometers Study Guide Study Guide Classifying and Exploring Life simple uses light and Light Microscope lens uses light and lens Identify 3 techniques used to observe objects with a light microscope one lens ocular placed directly under a microscope mounted to a slide stained with dye compound more than one lens objective 290 Classifying and Exploring Life

9 Lesson 3 Exploring Life (continued) Compare and contrast electron microscopes and light microscopes 321 Electron Microscope Light Microscope Magnification 100,000 times 1,500 times Resolution 02 nanometers, about or 2 billionths of a 02 micrometers, meter or 2 millionths of a meter Using Microscopes 322 Specimens Two Types 1 TEMs only nonliving specimens, which must be mounted in plastic and sliced very thin 2 SEMs living or nonliving; slides used in some cases; dye used to enhance visibility 1 compound 2 simple Summarize the use of microscopes In health care: doctors and lab technicians, surgery, blood and urine analysis Other uses: forensic scientists, fossil study, steel and jewelry industries How could you use a light microscope to determine whether spilled crystals were salt or sugar? Sample answer: A light microscope would enable a person to see the size and shape of the crystals Sugar crystals have a different size and shape than salt crystals Classifying and Exploring Life 291 Classifying and Exploring Life 291