Speciation and Extinction
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- Belinda Potter
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1 Speciation and Extinction
2 First, the eyes... (Continuing from yesterday)
3 First, the eyes...
4
5 Broad Specific Taxonomic Group Humans are in... Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapians Subspecies sapians
6 Taxonomy
7 Taxonomy allows us to make sense of the seemingly endless diversity we find in nature
8 Taxonomy allows us to make sense of the seemingly endless diversity we find in nature by organizing what we see into groups according to how they relate to each other
9 Three Taxon Statement Given three taxa, which two are more closely related to each other?
10 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup
11 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup
12 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup
13 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup
14 These are all the same.
15
16
17 Italics
18 Italics Genus capitalized
19 Homo sp.
20 H. sapiens
21 Pan sp.
22 Gorilla sp.
23 G. gorilla
24 G. gorilla Western Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla
25 Milvago sp.
26 tettigoniidae
27
28
29 Myrmotherula
30 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula
31 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula
32 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula
33 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula
34 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula
35 Taxonomic name can tell you about relationship...
36 Not all traditional groups are clades Which are the dinosaurs?
37 Not all traditional groups are clades Which are the dinosaurs?
38 Not all traditional groups are clades
39
40 You re welcome!
41 Speciation
42 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring
43 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species
44 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles
45 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles Reproductive barrier Mechanism that prevents groups of organisms from sharing a gene pool
46 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles Reproductive barrier Mechanism that prevents groups of organisms from sharing a gene pool Extinction Death of all the individuals of a species
47 Prezygotic Barriers The prevention of two species combining zygotes
48 Postzygotic Barriers The selection against a hybrid offspring Jaglion Infertile
49 Allopatric Speciation
50 Allopatric Speciation Speciation by geographic separation Zones of endemism Dusky-throated Antshrike Saturnine Antshrike
51 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation
52 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation
53 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation H. peruviana H. cantator
54
55
56
57
58 What s up with Ensatina?
59 Speciation may happen gradually
60 Or in fits and starts
61 In Punctuated Equilibrium
62
63 Extinction
64 Extinction Background extinction Gradual loss of species due to normal evolutionary process
65 Extinction Background extinction Gradual loss of species due to normal evolutionary process Mass extinctions Great number of species disappear in a relatively short amount of time. 5 occur in the fossil record.
66 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
67 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
68 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
69 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
70 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
71 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
72 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
73 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
74 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater
75
76
77
78 Test 2 on Thursday! Group activity: Make study tools! 7/16 = FIELD CLASS DAY at EDGEWOOD PARK Lab notebook Check Lab 11 (lab manual, lab notebook) 13 (lab notebook, plant lab) and Dissection Drawings
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