43 (2) : , 1997

Transcription

1 43 (2) : , 1997 A cta Zoologica S inica 3 (, ),, ;,, ;, (, 1992) :, ;,,, (, Pengelley et al., 1971), ( ),, (, 1992),, Valentin (1860) (Burlington and Milsom, 1989 ) John Tait ( 1922), 50 C. P. Lyman, B. W , (No )

2 Johansson R. F. Burlington 40,, (Chao and Yeh, 1951) 80,,,, 1, 15 20, 18 (, 1959) 35 0,, (Lyman, 1984), ( Erinaceus dealbat us, ) 0 (Chao and Yeh, 1951), 2, 10 (Liu et al., 1990) ( S permophil us dauricus, ), 25 2,,, (, 1995),, - 5 (, 1987), ( S. t ridecemlineat us, ) 7 48, 147 mmol/ L 137 mmol/ L, - 80 mv ; 151 mmol/ L 14 mmol/ L, - 25 mv ( Kamm et al., 1979), 37 5, 139nmol/ L 300nmol/ L (Liu et al., 1991), ( S. Richardsonii) 103 nmol/ L 168 nmol/ L (Liu et al., 1993),,,,, (Sjoquist et al., 1986) 6 17 (Burlington et al., 1981),,, A TP A TP2, (Zimny and Gregory, 1958),,,,

3 2 : 205 A TP (, 1992),, 12, 20 (Jacobs, 1976) 38 5 (South et al., 1973 ; Zhou et al., 1991), (Merrill et al., 1981) 2, 25,, 11 20, ST ( Eagles et al., 1988),, ( Eagles et al., 1988), Jo2 hansson (1985) 0155mol/ L CaCl 2,,,,,,, (, 1996) Duker (1983), (, 1994), ( Kondo, 1986),, (Duker et al., 1986), Ca 2 + (Cranefield and Aronson, 1988),

4 ( Kondo et al., 1984 ;, 1995), (Belke et al., 1991 ;, 1995),, (Liu et al., 1993), 3 Biorck (1956) ,, QRS,, D Alecy (1990) 415 %, 1, 100 %, 80 % Biorck, D Alecy,,,,, (, 1996),,, Petrovic (1983),,,,,,,,,, 2,,,,,, : ,, (suppl. 5) : ( ) 5 : ,, (suppl. 1) : 198.,, : , (

5 2 : 207 ) 32 : ,, : ( ) :. Belke, D. D., R. E. Milner and L. C. H. Wang 1991 Seasonal variations in the rate and capacity of cardiac SR cal2 cium accumulation in a hibernating species. Biorck, G., B. Cryobiology 28 : W. Johansson and H. Schmid 1956 Reactions of hedgehogs, hibernating and non2hiber2nating to the inhalation of oxygen, carbondioxide and nitrogen. Acta Physiol. Scand. 37 : Burlington, R. F., M. S. Dean and S. B. Jones 1981 Coronary autoregulation during hypothermia in the 132lined ground squirrel and rat. Fed. Proc. 40 : 580. Burlington, R. F. and W. K. Milsom 1989 The cardiovascular system in hibernating mammals : recent advances. In : A. Malan and B. Canguilhem eds. L ivi ng i n the Col d. John Libbey Eurotext, London, Chao, I. and C. J. Yeh 1951 Temperature and activity of the excised perfused heart of the hedghog. Chi n. J. iol. 18 : Cranefield, P. F. and R. S. Aronson 1988 Cardiac A rrhythmias : the Role of Triggered Activity and Other mecha2 nism. Futura Publishing, New York. D Alecy, L. G., E. F. Lundy, M. J. Kluger, C. T. Harker, D. R. LeMay and M. Shlafer 1990 Beta2hydrox2 ybutyrate and response to hypoxia in the ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecimlineatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 96 : Duker, G. D., S. O. Olsson, N. H. Hecht, J. B. Senturia and B. W. Johansson 1983 Ventricular fibrillation in hibernators and nonhibernators. Cryobiology 20 : Duker, G. D., P. O. Sjoquist, O. Svensson, B. Wohlfart and B. Phys2 W. Johansson 1986 Hypothermic effects on car2 diac action potentials : difference between a hibernator, hedgehog, and a nonhibernator, guinea pig. In : Heller, H. C., X. J. Musacchia, L. C. H. Wang eds. L ivi ng i n the col d. Elsevier, New York, Eagles, D. A., L. B. Jacques, J. Taboada, C. W. Wagner and T. A. Diakun 1988 Cardiac arrhythmias during arousal from hibernation in three species of rodents. A m. J. Physiol. 254 : R102 R108. Jacobs, H. K. and F. E. South 1976 The effect of temperature on the electrical potentials of hibernating hamster ven2 tricular strips. A m. J. Physiol. 230 : Johansson, B. W Ventricular repolarization and fibrillation threshold in hibernating species. Eur. Heart J. 6 (Suppl D) : Kamm, K. E., M. L. Zatzman, A. W. Jones 1979 Maintenance of ion concentration gradients in the cold in aorta from rat and ground squirrel. A m. J. Physiol. 237 : C17 C22. Kondo, N. and S. Shibata 1984 Calcium source for excitation2concentration coupling in myocardium of nonhibernating Kondo, N. and hibernating chipmunks. Science225 : Excitation - contraction coupling in myocardium of nonhibernating and hibernating chipmunks : ef2 fects of isoprenaline, a high calcium medium, and ryanodine. Ci rc. Res. 59 : Liu, B., B. Wohlfart and B. rabbit, rat and hedgehog. W. Johansson 1990 Effects of low temperature on contraction in papillary muscles from Cryobiology 27 : Liu, B., L. C. H. Wang and D. D. Belke 1991 Effect of low temperature on the cytosolic free Ca 2 + in rat ventric2 ular myocytes. Cell Calci um 12 : Liu, B., L. C. H. Wang and D. D. Belke 1993 Regulation of cardiac cytosolic free Ca 2 + at low temperature in the Richardson s ground squirrel. In : Carey, C., G. L. Florant, B. A. Wunder and B. Horwitz eds. L if e i n the Col d. Westview, New York Lyman, C. P Pharmacological aspects of mammalian hibernation. Pharmacol. Ther. 25 : Merrill, G. F., J. T. White and L. W. Krieger 1981 Coronary circulation in hearts from hibernating, normother2 mic, and cold - acclimated hamsters. A m. J. Physiol. 241 : R50 R54.

6 Petrovic, V. M., Z. Saicic and B. Milic 1983 Distribution of superoxide dismutase in the ground squirrel ( Citell us Pengelley, E. citell us) : effect of the hibernation and arousal. Com p. Biochem. Physiol. B 75 : T., S. J. Asmundson and C. Uhlman 1971 Homeostasis during hibernation in the golden mantled ground squirrel Cittellus lateralis. Com p. Biochem. Physiol. A 38 : Sjoquist, P. O., G. Duker and B. South, F. Tait, J. nator and a nonhibernator. W. Johansson 1986 Effects of induced hypothermia on organ blood flow in a hiber2 Cryobiology 23 : E. and H. Jacobs 1973 Contraction kinetics of ventricular muscle from hibernating and non - hibernating mammals. A m. J. Physiol. 225 : The heart of hibernating animals. A m. J. Physiol. 59 : Zhou, Z. Q., B. Liu, W. F. Dryden and L. C. H. Wang 1991 Cardiac mechanical restitution in active and hiber2 nating Richardson s ground squirrel. A m. J. Physiol. 260 : R353 R358. Zimny, M. L. and R. Gregory 1958 High energy phosphates during hibernation and arousal in ground squirrel. A m. J. Physiol. 195 : ( Abstract) FEATURES OF THE CARD IOVASCULAR FUNCTIOIN IN HIBERNATING MAMMAL IANS WAN G Shi2Qiang ZHOU Zeng2Quan GAO Tian2Li ( College of L if e Sciences, Peking U niversity, Beijing , China) The cardiovascular system of t he hibernating mammals inherited it s significant f unction2 al stability as an adaptation to t he ext reme p hysiological condition during hibernation and arousal. Based on t he summarization of related investigations, we post ulated t hat t he cardio2 vascular system of the hibernating mammals has three major functional features : hypother2 mia tolerance, arrhythmia resistance, and hypoxia endurance, which not only indicate the differences between hibernating and nonhibernating mammals, but also reflect t he f unctional enhancement s of hibernating mammals during hibernating season. The elucidation, and ulti2 mately t he practical application, of t he underlying regulatory mechanism may cont ribute to new enlightenment for solving a series of problems in cardiovascular medicine. Key words Hibernation, Cold2tolerant adaptatioin, Hypothermia tolerance, Arrhythmia re2 sistance, Hypoxia endurance