Introduction to Physiology IV - Calcium Dynamics
|
|
- Marlene Millicent Bradford
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to Physiology IV - Calcium Dynamics J. P. Keener Mathematics Department Introduction to Physiology IV - Calcium Dynamics p.1/26
2 Introduction Previous lectures emphasized the role of sodium and potassium in control of membrane size and potential; Calcium is equally important in almost every cell type; Calcium controls secretion, cell movement, muscular, contraction, cell differentiation, ciliary beating, etc. Calcium is important in both excitable and inexcitable cells. Calcium Dynamics p.2/26
3 Muscle Calcium Dynamics p.3/26
4 Muscle Calcium Dynamics p.4/26
5 Phototransduction Calcium Dynamics p.5/26
6 Phototransduction Calcium Dynamics p.6/26
7 Taste Calcium Dynamics p.7/26
8 Synaptic Transmission Calcium Dynamics p.8/26
9 Synaptic Transmission Calcium Dynamics p.9/26
10 Calcium Oscillations A 0.4 nm 0.6nM 0.9nM VP CCh 10mM B A) Hepatocytes B) Rat parotid gland C GnRH 1nM 10s D 20s C) Gonadotropes D) Hamster eggs 20s 30s 1min E, F) Insulinoma Cells E 25mM F 200mM CCh 50s 50s Calcium Dynamics p.10/26
11 Calcium Handling Calcium Dynamics p.11/26
12 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol J IPR JSERCA Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Calcium stores) Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
13 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J IPR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J IP R IP 3 Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
14 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J IPR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J IP R IP 3 Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
15 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J IPR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J IP R IP 3 Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-calcium leak, Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
16 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J IPR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J IP R IP 3 Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-calcium leak, J SL SarcoLemnal pump (ATPase). Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
17 IPR Calcium Handling J L JSL Extracellular Space v dc dt = J IP R J SERCA + J L J SL (Intracellular Space) Cytosol Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J IPR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J IP R IP 3 Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-calcium leak, J SL SarcoLemnal pump (ATPase). Challenge: Determine the flux terms. Calcium Dynamics p.12/26
18 Calcium Handling group I k 1 p S 000 S 100 k -1 k -5 k -1 S 110 S 010 k 5 c k 1 p k 5 c k -5 S 110 k -2 k 2 c k -4 k 4 c k -4 k 4 c k -2 k 2 c k -2 k 2 c k 3 p k 5 c k 3 p k 5 c S 111 k -3 S 011 S 001 k -5 group II k -3 S 101 S 111 k -5 Calcium Dynamics p.13/26
19 the Imagine IP3 Receptors Ca Ca ++ Ca Ca S S S S Calcium Dynamics p.14/26
20 IP 3 Receptors Flux through IP 3 receptor is diffusive, J IP R = g max P o (c c sr ) where P o = S10 3 = m3 h 3 is the open probability, and dm dh dt = φ m (c)(1 m) ψ m (c)m, dt = φ h(c)(1 h) ψ(c)h. Furthermore, m is a fast variable, so is in qss, m = m (c). Ca ++ S "fast" S ++ Ca "slow" "slow" Ca ++ S 01 Ca ++ "fast" S 11 Consequently, (h is reminiscent of HH h)... Calcium Dynamics p.15/26
21 Calcium Dynamics dc dt = (g maxp o + J er )(c e c) J SERCA, dh dt = φ h(c)(1 h) ψ h (c)h, where J SERCA = V max c 2 K 2 s +c 2, P o = h 3 f(c) h time (s) c (µ M) Calcium Dynamics p.16/26
22 Bifurcation Diagram A 0.8 Stable oscillation c (µm) c max unstable oscillation 0.2 HB unstable steady state HB stable 0 5 p c (µm) B p=10 c (µm) C p= time (s) time (s) 150 Calcium Dynamics p.17/26
23 RYR Calcium Handling Calcium Dynamics p.18/26
24 Excitation-Contraction Coupling Cardiac cells are interesting because they contain TWO excitable systems that are interconnected The sodium-potassium electrical action potential, that stimulates an inward calcium flux diadic cleft which excites CICR which causes muscles to contract. Calcium Dynamics p.19/26
25 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) J RYR JSERCA Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Calcium stores) Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
26 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J RYR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J RY R Ryanodine Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
27 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J RYR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J RY R Ryanodine Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
28 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J RYR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J RY R Ryanodine Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-type voltage regulated calcium channel, Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
29 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J RYR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J RY R Ryanodine Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-type voltage regulated calcium channel, J NCX sodium(na ++ )- Calcium exchanger. Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
30 EC Calcium Handling J L JNCX Extracellular Space v dc dt = J RY R J SERCA + J L J NCX Cytosol (Intracellular Space) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum J RYR JSERCA (Calcium stores) with J RY R Ryanodine Receptor - calcium regulated calcium channel, J SERCA Sarco- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase, J L L-type voltage regulated calcium channel, J NCX sodium(na ++ )- Calcium exchanger. Challenge: Determine the flux terms. Calcium Dynamics p.20/26
31 Serious Problems There are (at least) three problems with this (and all similar) models: A J ICa J RyR B Graded response membrane potential (mv) Calcium is not spatially homogenious; channels are controlled by local calcium concentration. Thus, whole cell models are inappropriate - geometry mattters. Channel openings are not deterministic and numbers are not large. Stochastic modeling is needed. Calcium Dynamics p.21/26
32 Bursting A) Pancreatic β-cell B) Rat midbrain C) Cat Thalamocortical relay neuron D) Guinea pig olivary neuron E Aplysia R15 neuroon F) Cat thalamic reticular neuron G) Sepia giant axon H) Rat thalamic reticular neuron I) Mouse neocortical pyramidal neuron J) Pituitary gonadotropin relasing cell Calcium Dynamics p.22/26
33 Pancreatic β cells C m dv dt τ n (V ) dn dt dc dt = I Ca (V ) = n (V ) n, = f( k 1 I Ca (V ) k c c), ( ḡ K n 4 + ḡk,cac ) (V V K ) ḡ L (V V L ), K d + c where I Ca = ḡ Ca m 3 (V )h (V )(V V Ca ). Calcium Dynamics p.23/26
34 Fast Phase Plane n A B n V Low Ca ++ High Ca ++ V Calcium Dynamics p.24/26
35 Bifurcation Diagram A V HB max V osc HC dc/dt=0 min V osc SN V ss c hb c hc c B V dc/dt=0 V ss c Calcium Dynamics p.25/26
36 Bursting Oscillations -20 V (mv) c (µm) Time (s) Calcium Dynamics p.26/26
Dynamical Systems for Biology - Excitability
Dynamical Systems for Biology - Excitability J. P. Keener Mathematics Department Dynamical Systems for Biology p.1/25 Examples of Excitable Media B-Z reagent CICR (Calcium Induced Calcium Release) Nerve
More informationCalcium dynamics, 7. Calcium pumps. Well mixed concentrations
Calcium dynamics, 7 Calcium is an important ion in the biochemistry of cells Is used a signal carrier, i.e. causes contraction of muscle cells Is toxic at high levels The concentration is regulated through
More information4.3 Intracellular calcium dynamics
coupled equations: dv dv 2 dv 3 dv 4 = i + I e A + g,2 (V 2 V ) = i 2 + g 2,3 (V 3 V 2 )+g 2, (V V 2 )+g 2,4 (V 4 V 2 ) = i 3 + g 3,2 (V 2 V 3 ) = i 4 + g 4,2 (V 2 V 4 ) This can be written in matrix/vector
More informationMathematical Analysis of Bursting Electrical Activity in Nerve and Endocrine Cells
Mathematical Analysis of Bursting Electrical Activity in Nerve and Endocrine Cells Richard Bertram Department of Mathematics and Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics Florida State University
More informationQuantitative Electrophysiology
ECE 795: Quantitative Electrophysiology Notes for Lecture #1 Wednesday, September 13, 2006 1. INTRODUCTION TO EXCITABLE CELLS Historical perspective: Bioelectricity first discovered by Luigi Galvani in
More informationA Mathematical Study of Electrical Bursting in Pituitary Cells
A Mathematical Study of Electrical Bursting in Pituitary Cells Richard Bertram Department of Mathematics and Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics Florida State University Collaborators on
More informationPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016
PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016 2 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Overview of Muscle Tissue types of muscle: are all prefixes for muscle Contractility all muscles cells can Smooth & skeletal
More informationQuantitative Electrophysiology
ECE 795: Quantitative Electrophysiology Notes for Lecture #1 Tuesday, September 18, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION TO EXCITABLE CELLS Historical perspective: Bioelectricity first discovered by Luigi Galvani in 1780s
More informationElectrophysiology of the neuron
School of Mathematical Sciences G4TNS Theoretical Neuroscience Electrophysiology of the neuron Electrophysiology is the study of ionic currents and electrical activity in cells and tissues. The work of
More informationModeling. EC-Coupling and Contraction
Bioeng 6460 Electrophysiology and Bioelectricity Modeling of EC-Coupling and Contraction Frank B. Sachse fs@cvrti.utah.edu Overview Quiz Excitation-Contraction Coupling Anatomy Cross Bridge Binding Coupling
More informationIntroduction to Physiology II: Control of Cell Volume and Membrane Potential
Introduction to Physiology II: Control of Cell Volume and Membrane Potential J. P. Keener Mathematics Department Math Physiology p.1/23 Basic Problem The cell is full of stuff: Proteins, ions, fats, etc.
More informationPhysiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES
Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES Neuron Communication Neurons are stimulated by receptors on dendrites and cell bodies (soma) Ligand gated ion channels GPCR s Neurons stimulate cells
More informationMembrane Physiology. Dr. Hiwa Shafiq Oct-18 1
Membrane Physiology Dr. Hiwa Shafiq 22-10-2018 29-Oct-18 1 Chemical compositions of extracellular and intracellular fluids. 29-Oct-18 2 Transport through the cell membrane occurs by one of two basic processes:
More informationBiomedical Instrumentation
ELEC ENG 4BD4: Biomedical Instrumentation Lecture 5 Bioelectricity 1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOELECTRICITY AND EXCITABLE CELLS Historical perspective: Bioelectricity first discovered by Luigi Galvani in 1780s
More informationChapter 8 Calcium-Induced Calcium Release
Chapter 8 Calcium-Induced Calcium Release We started in Chap. 2 by assuming that the concentrations of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) and the network sarcoplasmic reticulum (NSR) are identical
More informationلجنة الطب البشري رؤية تنير دروب تميزكم
1) Hyperpolarization phase of the action potential: a. is due to the opening of voltage-gated Cl channels. b. is due to prolonged opening of voltage-gated K + channels. c. is due to closure of the Na +
More informationLecture Notes 8C120 Inleiding Meten en Modelleren. Cellular electrophysiology: modeling and simulation. Nico Kuijpers
Lecture Notes 8C2 Inleiding Meten en Modelleren Cellular electrophysiology: modeling and simulation Nico Kuijpers nico.kuijpers@bf.unimaas.nl February 9, 2 2 8C2 Inleiding Meten en Modelleren Extracellular
More informationComputer Science Department Technical Report. University of California. Los Angeles, CA
Computer Science Department Technical Report University of California Los Angeles, CA 995-1596 COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE JAFRI-WINSLOW ACTION POTENTIAL MODEL Sergey Y. Chernyavskiy November 1998 Boris
More informationAn Application of Reverse Quasi Steady State Approximation
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) ISSN: 78-578. Volume 4, Issue (Nov. - Dec. ), PP 37-43 An Application of Reverse Quasi Steady State Approximation over SCA Prashant Dwivedi Department of Mathematics,
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 9 - TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES.
!! www.clutchprep.com K + K + K + K + CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT Membranes and Gradients Cells must be able to communicate across their membrane barriers to materials
More informationLecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.
Lecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2004 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Nate Swenson Vertebrate Physiology 437 18 1. Muscle A. Sarcomere
More informationModeling 3-D Calcium Waves from Stochastic Calcium sparks in a Sarcomere Using COMSOL
Modeling 3-D Calcium Waves from Stochastic Calcium sparks in a Sarcomere Using COMSOL Zana Coulibaly 1, Leighton T. Izu 2 and Bradford E. Peercy 1 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore County 2 University
More informationPhysiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES
Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES In Physiology Today Ohm s Law I = V/R Ohm s law: the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the
More informationNervous Lecture Test Questions Set 2
Nervous Lecture Test Questions Set 2 1. The role of chloride in a resting membrane potential: a. creates resting potential b. indirectly causes repolarization c. stabilization of sodium d. it has none,
More informationNervous System Organization
The Nervous System Nervous System Organization Receptors respond to stimuli Sensory receptors detect the stimulus Motor effectors respond to stimulus Nervous system divisions Central nervous system Command
More informationCellular Electrophysiology and Biophysics
BIOEN 6003 Cellular Electrophysiology and Biophysics Modeling of Force Development in Myocytes II Frank B. Sachse, University of Utah Overview Experimental Studies Sliding Filament Theory Group work Excitation-Contraction
More informationSpace State Approach to Study the Effect of. Sodium over Cytosolic Calcium Profile
Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 3, 2009, no. 35, 1745-1754 Space State Approach to Study the Effect of Sodium over Cytosolic lcium Profile Shivendra Tewari Department of Mathematics Maulana Azad National
More informationSingle-Compartment Neural Models
Single-Compartment Neural Models BENG/BGGN 260 Neurodynamics University of California, San Diego Week 2 BENG/BGGN 260 Neurodynamics (UCSD) Single-Compartment Neural Models Week 2 1 / 18 Reading Materials
More informationMuscle regulation and Actin Topics: Tropomyosin and Troponin, Actin Assembly, Actin-dependent Movement
1 Muscle regulation and Actin Topics: Tropomyosin and Troponin, Actin Assembly, Actin-dependent Movement In the last lecture, we saw that a repeating alternation between chemical (ATP hydrolysis) and vectorial
More informationOur patient for the day...
Muscles Ch.12 Our patient for the day... Name: Eddy Age: Newborn Whole-body muscle contractions No relaxation Severe difficulty breathing due to inadequate relaxation of breathing muscles Diagnosed with
More informationNerve Signal Conduction. Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials
Nerve Signal Conduction Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials Resting Potential Resting neurons are always prepared to send a nerve signal. Neuron possesses potential energy
More informationUNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM I. Functions of Muscular System A. Produces Movement Internal vs. External «locomotion & manipulation «circulate blood & maintain blood pressure «move fluids, food, baby B. Maintaining
More informationVoltage-clamp and Hodgkin-Huxley models
Voltage-clamp and Hodgkin-Huxley models Read: Hille, Chapters 2-5 (best Koch, Chapters 6, 8, 9 See also Hodgkin and Huxley, J. Physiol. 117:500-544 (1952. (the source Clay, J. Neurophysiol. 80:903-913
More informationMathematical Foundations of Neuroscience - Lecture 3. Electrophysiology of neurons - continued
Mathematical Foundations of Neuroscience - Lecture 3. Electrophysiology of neurons - continued Filip Piękniewski Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
More informationdynamic processes in cells (a systems approach to biology)
dynamic processes in cells (a systems approach to biology) jeremy gunawardena department of systems biology harvard medical school lecture 11 6 october 2016 Hill functions are GRFs Hill functions fitted
More informationAccording to the diagram, which of the following is NOT true?
Instructions: Review Chapter 44 on muscular-skeletal systems and locomotion, and then complete the following Blackboard activity. This activity will introduce topics that will be covered in the next few
More informationCh 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1 Objectives: Describe the Cells of the NS Explain the creation and propagation of an electrical signal in a nerve
More information2.6 The Membrane Potential
2.6: The Membrane Potential 51 tracellular potassium, so that the energy stored in the electrochemical gradients can be extracted. Indeed, when this is the case experimentally, ATP is synthesized from
More informationStabilizing Role of Calcium Store-Dependent Plasma Membrane Calcium Channels in Action-Potential Firing and Intracellular Calcium Oscillations
Biophysical Journal Volume 89 December 2005 3741 3756 3741 Stabilizing Role of Calcium Store-Dependent Plasma Membrane Calcium Channels in Action-Potential Firing and Intracellular Calcium Oscillations
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationVoltage-clamp and Hodgkin-Huxley models
Voltage-clamp and Hodgkin-Huxley models Read: Hille, Chapters 2-5 (best) Koch, Chapters 6, 8, 9 See also Clay, J. Neurophysiol. 80:903-913 (1998) (for a recent version of the HH squid axon model) Rothman
More informationFinite Volume Model to Study Calcium Diffusion in Neuron Involving J RYR, J SERCA and J LEAK
JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMB 011, ISSN 151-9617 WWW.JOURNALOFCOMPUTING.ORG 41 Finite Volume Model to Study lcium Diffusion in Neuron Involving J RYR, J SCA and J LEAK Amrita Tripathi
More informationDynamics from Seconds to Hours in Hodgkin Huxley Model
Dynamics from Seconds to Hours in Hodgkin Huxley Model with Time Dependent Ion Concentrations and Buffer Reservoirs Niklas Hübel Technische Universität Berlin July 9, 214 OUTLINE Closed Models model review
More informationNeurons and Nervous Systems
34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Concept 34.1 Nervous Systems Consist of Neurons and Glia Nervous systems have two categories of cells: Neurons, or nerve cells, are excitable they generate and transmit electrical
More information9 Generation of Action Potential Hodgkin-Huxley Model
9 Generation of Action Potential Hodgkin-Huxley Model (based on chapter 12, W.W. Lytton, Hodgkin-Huxley Model) 9.1 Passive and active membrane models In the previous lecture we have considered a passive
More informationComputational Cell Biology
Computational Cell Biology Course book: Fall, Marland, Wagner, Tyson: Computational Cell Biology, 2002 Springer, ISBN 0-387-95369-8 (can be found in the main library, prize at amazon.com $59.95). Synopsis:
More informationFrontiers in CardioVascular Biology
Frontiers in CardioVascular Biology Young Investigator Award Mitofusin 2 controls calcium transmission between the SR and mitochondria and regulates the bioenergetic feedback response in cardiac myocytes
More informationNeurophysiology. Danil Hammoudi.MD
Neurophysiology Danil Hammoudi.MD ACTION POTENTIAL An action potential is a wave of electrical discharge that travels along the membrane of a cell. Action potentials are an essential feature of animal
More informationThe Nervous System. Nerve Impulses. Resting Membrane Potential. Overview. Nerve Impulses. Resting Membrane Potential
The Nervous System Overview Nerve Impulses (completed12/03/04) (completed12/03/04) How do nerve impulses start? (completed 19/03/04) (completed 19/03/04) How Fast are Nerve Impulses? Nerve Impulses Nerve
More informationSTEIN IN-TERM EXAM -- BIOLOGY FEBRUARY 12, PAGE 1 of 7
STEIN IN-TERM EXAM -- BIOLOGY 3058 -- FEBRUARY 12, 2009 -- PAGE 1 of 7 There are 25 questions in this Biology 3058 exam. All questions are "A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H" questions worth one point each. There
More informationMembrane Protein Pumps
Membrane Protein Pumps Learning objectives You should be able to understand & discuss: Active transport-na + /K + ATPase ABC transporters Metabolite transport by lactose permease 1. Ion pumps: ATP-driven
More informationLESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK How do our axons transmit electrical signals?
LESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK How do our axons transmit electrical signals? This lesson introduces you to the action potential, which is the process by which axons signal electrically. In this lesson you will learn
More informationAdvanced Higher Biology. Unit 1- Cells and Proteins 2c) Membrane Proteins
Advanced Higher Biology Unit 1- Cells and Proteins 2c) Membrane Proteins Membrane Structure Phospholipid bilayer Transmembrane protein Integral protein Movement of Molecules Across Membranes Phospholipid
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationDynamical Systems in Neuroscience: Elementary Bifurcations
Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: Elementary Bifurcations Foris Kuang May 2017 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Hodgkin-Huxley Model 3 4 Morris-Lecar Model 4 5 Stability 5 5.1 Linear ODE..............................................
More informationc 2006 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
MULTISCALE MODEL. SIMUL. Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 145 162 c 26 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics HOMOGENIZATION OF THE CELL CYTOPLASM: THE CALCIUM BIDOMAIN EQUATIONS PRANAY GOEL, JAMES SNEYD, AND
More informationRole of the Na -Ca 2 Exchanger as an Alternative Trigger of CICR in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes
Biophysical Journal Volume 82 March 2002 1483 1496 1483 Role of the Na -Ca 2 Exchanger as an Alternative Trigger of CICR in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes Chunlei Han, Pasi Tavi, and Matti Weckström Department
More informationUnifying principles of calcium wave propagation insights from a three-dimensional model for atrial myocytes
Unifying principles of calcium wave propagation insights from a three-dimensional model for atrial myocytes R Thul School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham, NG7 2RD K Rietdorf
More informationBasic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and antiarrhythmia
EHRA EDUCATIONAL REVIEW AND PREPARATORY COURSE ON INVASIVE CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY EUROPEAN HEART HOUSE, February 2011 Basic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and antiarrhythmia Antonio Zaza Università
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Muscles general information. Muscles - introduction. Microtubule Function
Slide 1 Muscles general information Vertebrates and many invertebrates have three main classes of muscle Skeletal muscle connect bones are are used for complex coordianted activities. Smooth muscles surround
More informationFinite Difference Model to Study the Effects of Na + Influx on Cytosolic Ca 2+ Diffusion
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 5 008 Finite Difference Model to Study the Effects of + Influx on Cytosolic Ca + Diffusion Shivendra Tewari and K. R. Pardasani Abstract Cytosolic Ca
More informationPeripheral Nerve II. Amelyn Ramos Rafael, MD. Anatomical considerations
Peripheral Nerve II Amelyn Ramos Rafael, MD Anatomical considerations 1 Physiologic properties of the nerve Irritability of the nerve A stimulus applied on the nerve causes the production of a nerve impulse,
More informationMultimodal Information Encoding in Astrocytes
Multimodal Information Encoding in Astrocytes Helen Saad BGGN 260: NeuroDynamics UCSD Winter 2010 Abstract Astrocytes encode information about external stimuli through complex intracellular calcium dynamics.
More informationChapter 9. Nerve Signals and Homeostasis
Chapter 9 Nerve Signals and Homeostasis A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neural signaling communication by neurons is the process by which an animal
More informationParticles with opposite charges (positives and negatives) attract each other, while particles with the same charge repel each other.
III. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY A) REVIEW - 3 basic ideas that the student must remember from chemistry and physics: (i) CONCENTRATION measure of relative amounts of solutes in a solution. * Measured in units called
More informationNerves and their impulses. Biology 12 C-11
Nerves and their impulses Biology 12 C-11 Nerves and their impulses Nerves are designed to transmit electrical impulses from the dendrites, over the cell body and through the axon. The impulse will then
More informationIntroduction to electrophysiology. Dr. Tóth András
Introduction to electrophysiology Dr. Tóth András Topics Transmembran transport Donnan equilibrium Resting potential Ion channels Local and action potentials Intra- and extracellular propagation of the
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems
Nervous Tissue Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli Sense & transmit information rapidly, to specific cells and
More informationFundamentals of Neurosciences. Smooth Muscle. Dr. Kumar Sambamurti 613-SEI; ;
Fundamentals of Neurosciences Smooth Muscle Dr. Kumar Sambamurti 613-SEI; 792-4315; sambak@musc.edu 1 Smooth Muscle Structure Cells much smaller than skeletal muscle (2-5µM diam, 100-400µM long) Single
More informationQuestions: Properties of excitable tissues Transport across cell membrane Resting potential Action potential Excitability change at excitation
Questions: Properties of excitable tissues Transport across cell membrane Resting potential Action potential Excitability change at excitation EXCITABLE TISSUES The tissues can change the properties under
More informationModelling the transition from simple to complex Ca 2+ oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells
Modelling the transition from simple to complex Ca 2+ oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells NEERAJ MANHAS 1, *, JAMES SNEYD 2 and KR PARDASANI 1 1 Department of Mathematics, Maulana Azad National Institute
More informationChapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body Neurons
More informationCIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination
CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination Notes Neuron structure The nerve cells called neurones play an important role in coordinating communication within the nervous system. The structure
More informationInvariant Manifold Reductions for Markovian Ion Channel Dynamics
Invariant Manifold Reductions for Markovian Ion Channel Dynamics James P. Keener Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 June 4, 2008 Abstract We show that many Markov models
More informationIntroduction to Physiology V - Coupling and Propagation
Introduction to Physiology V - Coupling and Propagation J. P. Keener Mathematics Department Coupling and Propagation p./33 Spatially Extended Excitable Media Neurons and axons Coupling and Propagation
More informationthe axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell.
Steps to Contraction 1. A nerve impulse travels to the neuromuscular junction on a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is the point where the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell. 2. Ach is
More informationNeurons. The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability
Neurons The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability Viva La Complexity! Consider, The human brain contains >10 11 neurons! Each neuron makes 10 3 (average) synaptic contacts on up to 10 3 other
More informationMembrane Potential. 1. Resting membrane potential (RMP): 2. Action Potential (AP):
Membrane Potential 1. Resting membrane potential (RMP): 2. Action Potential (AP): Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) It is the potential difference across the cell membrane. If an electrode of a voltmeter
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE. Lecture 9. Biology Department Concordia University. Dr. S. Azam BIOL 266/
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Lecture 9 BIOL 266/4 2014-15 Dr. S. Azam Biology Department Concordia University RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS The Dynamic Nature of the Plasma Membrane SEM of human erythrocytes
More informationIon Channel Structure and Function (part 1)
Ion Channel Structure and Function (part 1) The most important properties of an ion channel Intrinsic properties of the channel (Selectivity and Mode of Gating) + Location Physiological Function Types
More informationA minimalist model of calcium-voltage coupling in GnRH cells
Journal of Physics: Conference Series A minimalist model of calcium-voltage coupling in GnRH cells To cite this article: Martin Rennie et al 2011 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 285 012040 View the article online
More informationDeconstructing Actual Neurons
1 Deconstructing Actual Neurons Richard Bertram Department of Mathematics and Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Reference: The many ionic
More informationGeneral Physics. Nerve Conduction. Newton s laws of Motion Work, Energy and Power. Fluids. Direct Current (DC)
Newton s laws of Motion Work, Energy and Power Fluids Direct Current (DC) Nerve Conduction Wave properties of light Ionizing Radiation General Physics Prepared by: Sujood Alazzam 2017/2018 CHAPTER OUTLINE
More informationChapter 2 Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology: Excitable Membranes
Chapter Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology: Excitable Membranes Deborah A. Jaye, Yong-Fu Xiao, and Daniel C. Sigg Abstract Cardiomyocytes are excitable cells that have the ability to contract after excitation;
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation
Nervous Tissue Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli
More informationChem Lecture 9 Pumps and Channels Part 1
Chem 45 - Lecture 9 Pumps and Channels Part 1 Question of the Day: What two factors about a molecule influence the change in its free energy as it moves across a membrane? Membrane proteins function as
More informationMembrane Potentials, Action Potentials, and Synaptic Transmission. Membrane Potential
Cl Cl - - + K + K+ K + K Cl - 2/2/15 Membrane Potentials, Action Potentials, and Synaptic Transmission Core Curriculum II Spring 2015 Membrane Potential Example 1: K +, Cl - equally permeant no charge
More informationdynamic processes in cells (a systems approach to biology)
dynamic processes in cells (a systems approach to biology) jeremy gunawardena department of systems biology harvard medical school lecture 11 13 october 2015 the long road to molecular understanding P&M
More informationFrom neuronal oscillations to complexity
1/39 The Fourth International Workshop on Advanced Computation for Engineering Applications (ACEA 2008) MACIS 2 Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan Corson Nathalie, Aziz Alaoui M.A. University of
More informationSophisticated Synapses: Modeling Synaptic Modulation by Astrocytes Suhita Nadkarni
Sophisticated Synapses: Modeling Synaptic Modulation by Astrocytes Suhita Nadkarni Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Simple vs Complex Synapses are immensely complex - a large number
More informationA spatial Monte Carlo model of IP 3 -dependent calcium. oscillations. Evan Molinelli. Advisor: Gregry D. Smith. Department of Applied Science
A spatial Monte Carlo model of IP 3 -dependent calcium oscillations Evan Molinelli Advisor: Gregry D. Smith Department of Applied Science The College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23187 4/14/06
More informationNeuron. Detector Model. Understanding Neural Components in Detector Model. Detector vs. Computer. Detector. Neuron. output. axon
Neuron Detector Model 1 The detector model. 2 Biological properties of the neuron. 3 The computational unit. Each neuron is detecting some set of conditions (e.g., smoke detector). Representation is what
More informationA Model Based Analysis of Steady-State versus Dynamic Elements in the Relationship between Calcium and Force
A Model Based Analysis of Steady-State versus Dynamic Elements in the Relationship between Calcium and Force Casey L. Overby, Sanjeev G. Shroff BACKGROUND Cardiac contraction and calcium. Intracellular
More informationOverview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) innervate Divisions: a. Afferent
Overview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord receives and processes information. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerve cells that link CNS with organs throughout the body.
More informationBME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control
BME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control Hodgkin-Huxley Model for Nerve Cell Action Potential Part 1 Dr. Zvi Roth (FAU) 1 References Hoppensteadt-Peskin Ch. 3 for all the mathematics. Cooper s The Cell
More information9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 9.01 Recitation (R02)
More information5/31/2013. Mechanical-Energetic Coupling in Airway Smooth Muscle. Evolution of Academic Medical Centers
Mechanical-Energetic Coupling Mayo Clinic One of the World s Largest Medical Centers Gary C. Sieck, Ph.D. Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Physiology &
More informationIntroduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p.
Introduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p. 5 Signaling in Nerve Cells p. 9 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurons
More informationThe Development of a Comprehensive Mechanism for Intracellular Calcium Oscillations: A Theoretical Approach and an Experimental Validation
Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses 5-1-2010 The Development of a Comprehensive Mechanism for Intracellular Calcium Oscillations:
More information