Animal structure and function
|
|
- Solomon Gibson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Animal structure and function
2 The nervous system
3 Parts of the nervous system
4
5
6 43C, 44B, 45D
7
8 Brain structure and function
9
10
11
12 Eyes Retina
13 Neurons:
14 How neurons communicate: Resting potential: The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mv (mv=millivolt) - this means that the inside of the neuron is 70 mv less than the outside. At rest, there are relatively more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron. The resting potential arises from two activities. The Na-K ATPase pump Leaky K+ channels Leaky Na+ channels Na NaNaNa+ K+ K+ K+K+K+ K+
15 The potentials The resting potential The threshold potential The action potential The refractory (Undershoot)
16 The resting potential is the resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mv, the imbalance of electrical charge that exists between the interior of electrically excitable nerve cells and their surroundings.
17 The threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. Threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
18 Action potential Depolarization: Na channels open Repolarization: Na channels close and K channels open
19 The refractory (Undershoot): A refractory period occurs during the undershoot phase; during this period, the neuron is insensitive to depolarizing stimuli.
20 The Na-K ATPase pump The potentials The resting potential The threshold potential (yellow) The action potential (green) (light blue) The refractory (Undershoot) (light blue) The resting potential The threshold potential (yellow) The action potential (green) (light blue) The refractory (Undershoot) (light blue) The Na-K ATPase pump Leaky K+ channels Leaky Na+ channels Na+ in =K+ out -70 Na+ in > K+ out Depolarization: Na+ in >>> K+ out 2. Repolarization: Na+ in <<< K+ out the neuron is insensitive to depolarizing stimuli. The membrane potentials (mv) 1. From -55 to +30 to +40; 2. From +40 to <-70 <-70
21
22 C The potentials The resting potential -D The threshold potential The action potential-a (1) The refractory (Undershoot)-C
23
24 Schwann cells show remarkable versatility in undertaking a broad repertoire of functions. Ensheathment and myelination are specifically regulated by contact with axons, and the Schwann cell is centrally involved in extracellular matrix production in the peripheral nerve system (PNS) trunk. Additional Schwann cell functions include the promotion of both peripheral and central nervous system regeneration, provision of a versatile source of trophic factors, the capacity to remyelinate central nervous system axons, and the restoration of electrophysiological conduction. Since it is now possible to isolate Schwann cells both from neonatal and adult human peripheral nerve, their ability to promote regenerative efforts by many central neurons suggests a role for Schwann cell autografts in influencing central nervous system repair. Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons.
25 USABO2011,24C
26
27
28 Neurotransmitter: When an impulse reach the end of axon releases a chemical called a Neurotransmitter into the space between the two neurons/between a neuron to a muscle. This space is called a synapse.
29 Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membranebound vesicles. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate a receptor protein.
30 Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur
31 Norepinephrine
32 GABA: the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
33 D A
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42 The circulatory system can either be open or closed, depending on whether the blood flows freely in a cavity or is contained in vessels. An open circulatory system, found in arthropods, pumps blood into a cavity called a hemocoel where it surrounds the organs and then returns to the heart(s) through ostia (openings). A closed circulatory system, found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates, circulates blood unidirectionally from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart.
43 The circulatory system can either be open or closed, depending on whether the blood flows freely in a cavity or is contained in vessels. USABO2012, 50C
44 Human circulatory system
45 Components of Blood Component Scientific name Property Plasma Red blood cells(rbcs) Erythrocytes Liquid port of blood Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, Dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes Maintains proper osmotic potential of blood, 300mosm/L Carry hemoglobin and oxygen Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 day Formed in bone marrow and recycled in liver White blood cells (WBCs) Leukocyte Flight infection and formed in bone marrow Platelets Thrombocytes Component of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clotting blood
46 USABO2012, 26E The Human Red Blood Cell Smear
47
48 USABO2012, 26E
49 Components of Blood Component Scientific name Property Plasma Red blood cells(rbcs) Erythrocytes Liquid port of blood Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, Dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes Maintains proper osmotic potential of blood, 300mosm/L Carry hemoglobin and oxygen Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 day Formed in bone marrow and recycled in liver White blood cells (WBCs) Leukocyte Flight infection and formed in bone marrow Platelets Thrombocytes Component of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clotting blood
50
51
52 USABO2013, 36C F. O-
53 Human heart
54 Pathway of blood Blood enters the heart through 1. Vena cava (1). From there it continues to the: 2. Right atrium ( then pass right AV valvetricuspid valve) 3. Right ventricle (then pass pulmonary valve) 4. Pulmonary artery 5. Lung 6. Left pulmonary veins 7. Left atrium (then pass left AV valve-bicuspid valve) 8. Left ventricle (then pass Aortic valve) 9. Aorta 10. body Pathway of blood
55 Label the diagram using these labels Aorta Right ventricle Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Right atrium Left ventricle Left atrium Vena cava Activities 1. Left side of the heart is red, because the blood contains more O2. 2. Right side of the heart is blue, because the blood contains more CO2. Describe the route of the blood through the heart. This has been started for you below: Vena cava
56 USABO2011, 27A Campbell biology Figure 42.10
57 Lung and gas exchange in human
58 Lung and gas exchange in human
59 USABO2013, 24B Lung and gas exchange in human
60 Circulatory and respiration system in human
61
62
63 USABO2011, 21B
64 USABO2012, 38C
65 Amniotic egg (reptile/bird vs mammal)
66 Notochord: A cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals
67
68 15B,16A
69
70 17B,18E,20A,21B
71 B
72
73
74 22B,23E,24C
75
Nervous System Organization
The Nervous System Nervous System Organization Receptors respond to stimuli Sensory receptors detect the stimulus Motor effectors respond to stimulus Nervous system divisions Central nervous system Command
More informationNeurons and Nervous Systems
34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Concept 34.1 Nervous Systems Consist of Neurons and Glia Nervous systems have two categories of cells: Neurons, or nerve cells, are excitable they generate and transmit electrical
More informationNervous System Organization
The Nervous System Chapter 44 Nervous System Organization All animals must be able to respond to environmental stimuli -Sensory receptors = Detect stimulus -Motor effectors = Respond to it -The nervous
More informationNOTES: CH 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
NOTES: CH 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling A nervous system has three overlapping functions: 1) SENSORY INPUT: signals from sensory receptors to integration centers 2) INTEGRATION: information from
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation
Nervous Tissue Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems
Nervous Tissue Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli Sense & transmit information rapidly, to specific cells and
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
More informationChapter 9. Nerve Signals and Homeostasis
Chapter 9 Nerve Signals and Homeostasis A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neural signaling communication by neurons is the process by which an animal
More informationDendrites - receives information from other neuron cells - input receivers.
The Nerve Tissue Neuron - the nerve cell Dendrites - receives information from other neuron cells - input receivers. Cell body - includes usual parts of the organelles of a cell (nucleus, mitochondria)
More informationNerve Signal Conduction. Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials
Nerve Signal Conduction Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials Resting Potential Resting neurons are always prepared to send a nerve signal. Neuron possesses potential energy
More informationThe Nervous System. Nerve Impulses. Resting Membrane Potential. Overview. Nerve Impulses. Resting Membrane Potential
The Nervous System Overview Nerve Impulses (completed12/03/04) (completed12/03/04) How do nerve impulses start? (completed 19/03/04) (completed 19/03/04) How Fast are Nerve Impulses? Nerve Impulses Nerve
More informationChapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body Neurons
More informationNervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function
Nervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function Integration An animal needs to function like a coherent organism, not like a loose collection of cells. Integration = refers to processes such as summation
More informationInformation processing. Divisions of nervous system. Neuron structure and function Synapse. Neurons, synapses, and signaling 11/3/2017
Neurons, synapses, and signaling Chapter 48 Information processing Divisions of nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and a nerve cord Integration center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Nerves
More informationAction Potentials & Nervous System. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Action Potentials & Nervous System Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Review: Membrane potentials exist due to unequal distribution of charge across the membrane Concentration gradients drive ion
More informationBIOLOGY. 1. Overview of Neurons 11/3/2014. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling. Communication in Neurons
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION 48 Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick 1. Overview of Neurons Communication
More informationNeurophysiology. Danil Hammoudi.MD
Neurophysiology Danil Hammoudi.MD ACTION POTENTIAL An action potential is a wave of electrical discharge that travels along the membrane of a cell. Action potentials are an essential feature of animal
More informationPurpose: Perception, Movement, Learning, Memory, Thinking, Communication Functions:
Nervous System Purpose: Perception, Movement, Learning, Memory, Thinking, Communication Functions: Sensory Input: Obtaining stimulation from the environment (light, heat, pressure, vibration, chemical,
More informationBIOLOGY 11/10/2016. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling. Concept 48.1: Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer
48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Concept 48.1: Neuron organization
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016
PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016 2 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Overview of Muscle Tissue types of muscle: are all prefixes for muscle Contractility all muscles cells can Smooth & skeletal
More informationNervous System: Part II How A Neuron Works
Nervous System: Part II How A Neuron Works Essential Knowledge Statement 3.E.2 Continued Animals have nervous systems that detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate information, and
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationNervous System AP Biology
Nervous System 2007-2008 Why do animals need a nervous system? What characteristics do animals need in a nervous system? fast accurate reset quickly Remember Poor think bunny! about the bunny signal direction
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationOrganization of the nervous system. Tortora & Grabowski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology; Page 388, Figure 12.2
Nervous system Organization of the nervous system Tortora & Grabowski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology; Page 388, Figure 12.2 Autonomic and somatic efferent pathways Reflex arc - a neural pathway that
More information37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Lines of Communication
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Eighth Edition Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp and Janette Lewis Copyright
More informationChapter 37 Active Reading Guide Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Section 1 1. What is a neuron? Chapter 37 Active Reading Guide Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 2. Neurons can be placed into three groups, based on their location and function.
More informationCh 33. The nervous system
Ch 33 The nervous system AP bio schedule Tuesday Wed Thursday Friday Plant test Animal behavior lab Nervous system 25 Review Day (bring computer) 27 Review Day (bring computer) 28 Practice AP bio test
More informationPhysiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES
Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES Neuron Communication Neurons are stimulated by receptors on dendrites and cell bodies (soma) Ligand gated ion channels GPCR s Neurons stimulate cells
More informationControl and Integration. Nervous System Organization: Bilateral Symmetric Animals. Nervous System Organization: Radial Symmetric Animals
Control and Integration Neurophysiology Chapters 10-12 Nervous system composed of nervous tissue cells designed to conduct electrical impulses rapid communication to specific cells or groups of cells Endocrine
More informationBIOLOGY. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Lines of Communication The
More informationNeural Tissue. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres. Lone Star College North Harris Pearson Education, Inc.
12 Neural Tissue PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Nervous System The Nervous System Includes all neural tissue in the body
More informationNervous & Endocrine System
3/19 HW Day 1 Read pages 897-900 Complete Vocab. on pg 897 Aim: What is Regulation? Do Now: What 2 organ systems are involved in regulation? Nervous & Endocrine System Regulation: The control and coordination
More informationThe Nervous System. Nervous System Organization. Nerve Tissue. Two parts to the nervous system 11/27/2016
The Nervous System Nervous System Organization Animals must be able to respond to environmental stimuli. Three functions of the nervous system: Sensory input conduction of signals from sensory receptors.
More informationNervous system. 3 Basic functions of the nervous system !!!! !!! 1-Sensory. 2-Integration. 3-Motor
Nervous system 3 Basic functions of the nervous system 1-Sensory 2-Integration 3-Motor I. Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord I. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 2) Afferent towards afferent
More informationMEMBRANE POTENTIALS AND ACTION POTENTIALS:
University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology & Biochemistry Medical students, 2017/2018 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Review: Membrane physiology
More informationMembrane Protein Channels
Membrane Protein Channels Potassium ions queuing up in the potassium channel Pumps: 1000 s -1 Channels: 1000000 s -1 Pumps & Channels The lipid bilayer of biological membranes is intrinsically impermeable
More informationthebiotutor.com A2 Biology Unit 5 Responses, Nervous System & Muscles
thebiotutor.com A2 Biology Unit 5 Responses, Nervous System & Muscles 1 Response Mechanism tropism Definition A growth movement of part of plant in response to a directional stimulus examples Positive:
More informationIntro and Homeostasis
Intro and Homeostasis Physiology - how the body works. Homeostasis - staying the same. Functional Types of Neurons Sensory (afferent - coming in) neurons: Detects the changes in the body. Informations
More informationAccording to the diagram, which of the following is NOT true?
Instructions: Review Chapter 44 on muscular-skeletal systems and locomotion, and then complete the following Blackboard activity. This activity will introduce topics that will be covered in the next few
More information! Depolarization continued. AP Biology. " The final phase of a local action
! Resting State Resting potential is maintained mainly by non-gated K channels which allow K to diffuse out! Voltage-gated ion K and channels along axon are closed! Depolarization A stimulus causes channels
More informationNEURONS, SENSE ORGANS, AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS CHAPTER 34
NEURONS, SENSE ORGANS, AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS CHAPTER 34 KEY CONCEPTS 34.1 Nervous Systems Are Composed of Neurons and Glial Cells 34.2 Neurons Generate Electric Signals by Controlling Ion Distributions 34.3
More informationCIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination
CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination Notes Neuron structure The nerve cells called neurones play an important role in coordinating communication within the nervous system. The structure
More informationOverview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) innervate Divisions: a. Afferent
Overview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord receives and processes information. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerve cells that link CNS with organs throughout the body.
More informationCurtis et al. Il nuovo Invito alla biologia.blu BIOLOGY HIGHLIGHTS KEYS
BIOLOGY HIGHLIGHTS KEYS Watch the videos and download the transcripts of this section at: online.scuola.zanichelli.it/curtisnuovoinvitoblu/clil > THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM 2. WARM UP a) The structures that
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 9 - TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES.
!! www.clutchprep.com K + K + K + K + CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT Membranes and Gradients Cells must be able to communicate across their membrane barriers to materials
More informationلجنة الطب البشري رؤية تنير دروب تميزكم
1) Hyperpolarization phase of the action potential: a. is due to the opening of voltage-gated Cl channels. b. is due to prolonged opening of voltage-gated K + channels. c. is due to closure of the Na +
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationCh 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1 Objectives: Describe the Cells of the NS Explain the creation and propagation of an electrical signal in a nerve
More informationNeurons. General neuron anatomy. BIOL 164 Human Biology Ch 7 Neurons. Nervous system:
BIOL 164 Human Biology Ch 7 Neurons Nervous system: Neurons Integrates and coordinates the body s ac3vi3es Provides rapid and brief responses to s3muli Major divisions: Central nervous system (CNS) brain
More informationPhysiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES
Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES In Physiology Today Ohm s Law I = V/R Ohm s law: the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the
More informationNeurons: Cellular and Network Properties HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY POWERPOINT
POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Additional text by J Padilla exclusively for physiology at ECC UNIT 2 8 Neurons: PART A Cellular and
More informationUNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IT 0469 NEURAL NETWORKS
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IT 0469 NEURAL NETWORKS Elementary Neuro Physiology Neuron: A neuron nerve cell is an electricallyexcitable cell that processes and transmits information
More informationCh 7. The Nervous System 7.1 & 7.2
Ch 7 The Nervous System 7.1 & 7.2 SLOs Describe the different types of neurons and supporting cells, and identify their functions. Identify the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the CNS and
More informationNeurochemistry 1. Nervous system is made of neurons & glia, as well as other cells. Santiago Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize 1906
Neurochemistry 1 Nervous system is made of neurons & glia, as well as other cells. Santiago Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize 1906 How Many Neurons Do We Have? The human brain contains ~86 billion neurons and
More informationOrganization of Vertebrate Body. Organization of Vertebrate Body
The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation Chapter 43 There are four levels of organization: 1. Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ systems Bodies of vertebrates are composed of different cell types
More informationUNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM I. Functions of Muscular System A. Produces Movement Internal vs. External «locomotion & manipulation «circulate blood & maintain blood pressure «move fluids, food, baby B. Maintaining
More informationOT Exam 1, August 9, 2002 Page 1 of 8. Occupational Therapy Physiology, Summer Examination 1. August 9, 2002
Page 1 of 8 Occupational Therapy Physiology, Summer 2002 Examination 1 August 9, 2002 Dr. Heckman's section is questions 1-6 and each question is worth 5 points for a total of 30 points. Dr. Driska's section
More informationIntroduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p.
Introduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p. 5 Signaling in Nerve Cells p. 9 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurons
More informationA. Visceral and somatic divisions. B. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. C. Central and peripheral divisions
Ch 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1 Review of the Nervous System Objectives: Describe the Cells of the NS Explain the creation and propagation of an electrical signal in a nerve cell
More informationBIO 210: Anatomy and Physiology Text: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 9ed. Chapter 12 NEURAL TISSUE
NAME COURSE BIO 210: Anatomy and Physiology Text: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 9ed. Chapter 12 NEURAL TISSUE Like a telephone switchboard, the nervous system directs a countless number of incoming
More informationNeurophysiology. + = Na + - = Cl - Proteins HOW? HOW?
All animal cells have electric potential differences (voltages) across plasma s only electrically excitable cells can respond with APs Luigi Galvani (1791) Animal electricity Electrical fluid passed through
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K +, large anions, and proteins?
More informationNerves and their impulses. Biology 12 C-11
Nerves and their impulses Biology 12 C-11 Nerves and their impulses Nerves are designed to transmit electrical impulses from the dendrites, over the cell body and through the axon. The impulse will then
More informationNOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below.
Anatomy & Physiology Nervous System Part I 2/26/16 NOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below. 1. 2. 3. 5. 4. 6. Part
More informationCells. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cells Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Microscopy Methods of histology: Treat the tissue with a preservative (e.g. formaldehyde). Dissect the region of interest. Embed
More informationNeurophysiology. Review from 12b. Topics in neurophysiology 7/08/12. Lecture 11b BIOL241
Neurophysiology Lecture 11b BIOL241 Review from 12b. CNS brain and spinal cord PNS nerves SNS (somatic) ANS (autonomic) Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS Afferent vs efferent (SAME) Cells of the nervous
More informationNeurophysiology. I. Background. A. Cell Types 1. Neurons 2. Glia. B. Subtypes 1. Differ based on their structure, chemistry and function
Neurophysiology I. Background A. Cell Types 1. Neurons 2. Glia B. Subtypes 1. Differ based on their structure, chemistry and function C. Relative distribution 1. 100 billion neurons (give or take 100 million)
More informationTransmission of Nerve Impulses (see Fig , p. 403)
How a nerve impulse works Transmission of Nerve Impulses (see Fig. 12.13, p. 403) 1. At Rest (Polarization) outside of neuron is positively charged compared to inside (sodium ions outside, chloride and
More informationB4 Organising animals and plants. Student Book answers. B4.1 The blood. Question Answer Marks Guidance
B4. The blood Any three from: 3 transport of blood cells, transport of dissolved gases, transport of food, transport of hormones, removal of waste products, defence against infection, preventing blood
More informationOur patient for the day...
Muscles Ch.12 Our patient for the day... Name: Eddy Age: Newborn Whole-body muscle contractions No relaxation Severe difficulty breathing due to inadequate relaxation of breathing muscles Diagnosed with
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE. Lecture 9. Biology Department Concordia University. Dr. S. Azam BIOL 266/
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Lecture 9 BIOL 266/4 2014-15 Dr. S. Azam Biology Department Concordia University RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS The Dynamic Nature of the Plasma Membrane SEM of human erythrocytes
More informationConverting energy into nerve impulses, resting potentials and action potentials Sensory receptors
D 1.3 s Converting energy into nerve impulses, resting potentials and action potentials Sensory receptors A receptor converts an external or internal stimulus into an electrical signal. Sensory receptors
More informationCUMBERLAND COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT CURRICULUM PACING GUIDE Subject: Anatomy & Physiology Grade: 11-12
Benchmark Assessment 1 Instructional Timeline: 8 weeks Topic(s): Introduction, Tissues, Integumentary System Describe the major components and functions of physiological systems, including skeletal, muscle,
More informationDomain 6: Communication
Domain 6: Communication 6.1: Cell communication processes share common features that reflect a shared evolutionary history. (EK3.D.1) 1. Introduction to Communication Communication requires the generation,
More informationMuscle Cells skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle
Muscle Cells Muscle tissue, one of the four major tissue types, plays the vital role of providing movement and heat generation to the organs of the body. Within muscle tissue are three distinct groups
More informationFundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Chapter 11 Part B Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College 11.4 Membrane
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling KEY CONC EPTS 48.1 Neuron structure and organization reflect function in information transfer 48.2 Ion pumps and ion channels establish the resting of a neuron 48.3
More informationThe Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3
excite.org(anism): Electrical Signaling The Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3 Today s lecture we ll use clickers Review today 11:30-1:00 in 2242 HJ Patterson Electrical signals Dendrites: graded post-synaptic potentials
More informationNeurons. The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability
Neurons The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability Viva La Complexity! Consider, The human brain contains >10 11 neurons! Each neuron makes 10 3 (average) synaptic contacts on up to 10 3 other
More informationPROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL. The Nervous System and Muscle
The Nervous System and Muscle SECTION 2 2-1 Nernst Potential 2-2 Resting Membrane Potential 2-3 Axonal Action Potential 2-4 Neurons 2-5 Axonal Conduction 2-6 Morphology of Synapses 2-7 Chemical Synaptic
More information2401 : Anatomy/Physiology
Dr. Chris Doumen Week 6 2401 : Anatomy/Physiology Action Potentials NeuroPhysiology TextBook Readings Pages 400 through 408 Make use of the figures in your textbook ; a picture is worth a thousand words!
More information2002NSC Human Physiology Semester Summary
2002NSC Human Physiology Semester Summary Griffith University, Nathan Campus Semester 1, 2014 Topics include: - Diffusion, Membranes & Action Potentials - Fundamentals of the Nervous System - Neuroanatomy
More informationUniversality of sensory-response systems
excite.org(anism): Electrical Signaling Universality of sensory-response systems Three step process: sensation-integration-response Bacterial chemotaxis Madigan et al. Fig. 8.24 Rick Stewart (CBMG) Human
More informationVertebrate Physiology 437 EXAM I NAME, Section (circle): am pm 23 September Exam is worth 100 points. You have 75 minutes.
1 Vertebrate Physiology 437 EXAM I NAME, Section (circle): am pm 23 September 2004. Exam is worth 100 points. You have 75 minutes. True or False (write true or false ; 10 points total; 1 point each) 1.
More informationHousekeeping, 26 January 2009
5 th & 6 th Lectures Mon 26 & Wed 28 Jan 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Neurons Chapter 11 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh 1. Finish Solutes + Water 2. Neurons
More informationNeurons. 5 th & 6 th Lectures Mon 26 & Wed 28 Jan Finish Solutes + Water. 2. Neurons. Chapter 11
5 th & 6 th Lectures Mon 26 & Wed 28 Jan 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Neurons Chapter 11 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh 1. Finish Solutes + Water 2. Neurons
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Characteristics of Animals multicellular Except for sponges, animal cells are arranged into tissues. Tissues are necessary to produce organs and organ systems. Tissues, organs,
More informationParticles with opposite charges (positives and negatives) attract each other, while particles with the same charge repel each other.
III. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY A) REVIEW - 3 basic ideas that the student must remember from chemistry and physics: (i) CONCENTRATION measure of relative amounts of solutes in a solution. * Measured in units called
More information1(a)(i) nucleus (1) (1) Answer Acceptable answers Mark. Answer Acceptable answers Mark. Answer Acceptable answers Mark
1(a)(i) nucleus 1(a)(ii) C In DNA, the bases A - T are complementary 1(b) A definition including two of the following: a sperm fuses with egg / penetrates the egg nuclei/genetic information fuses /combines
More informationWhat are neurons for?
5 th & 6 th Lectures Mon 26 & Wed 28 Jan 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh 1. Finish Solutes Water 2. Neurons Neurons Chapter 11
More informationEssential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards. Anatomical terms. Homeostatic mechanisms. Characteristics of Life. Requirements for life
Honors Anatomy & Physiology 2012 Michael Harshaw, Melissa Castone Essential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards Month Introduction September- 1.5 weeks How do Anatomy and Physiology relate to
More informationThe Nervous System. What did you learn at school today? Neurophysiology!
The Nervous System What did you learn at school today? Neurophysiology! The Nervous System Controls heart rate, emotions, memories, consciousness, and much more. The most intricate and beautifully complex
More information1. Dendrites contain the nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures found in most cells.
: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses TRUE/FALSE 1. Dendrites contain the nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures found in most cells. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Anatomy of Neurons 2. A small
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling KEY CONCEPTS 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer 48.2 Ion pumps and ion channels establish the resting of a neuron 48.3 Action
More informationMuscles and Muscle Tissue: Part A
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Part A Warm Up 12/12/16 Describe the major differences between cardiac, skeletal and smooth
More informationQUESTION? Communication between neurons depends on the cell membrane. Why is this so?? Consider the structure of the membrane.
QUESTION? Communication between neurons depends on the cell membrane Why is this so?? Consider the structure of the membrane. ECF ICF Possible ANSWERS?? Membrane Ion Channels and Receptors: neuron membranes
More information