Mechanosensitive Io n Channels, Part B

Transcription

1 Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 5 9 Mechanosensitive Io n Channels, Part B Owen P. Hamill

2

3 Contributors xii i Foreword xvii Previous Volumes in Series xix CHAPTER 1 Mechanosensitive Ion Channels of Spiders : Mechanical Coupling, Electrophysiology, an d Synaptic Modulation Andrew S. French and Päivi H. Torkkeli I. Overview 1 IL Introduction 2 III. Types of Spider Mechanoreceptors 3 IV. Mechanical Coupling 3 V. Mechanotransduction in Slit Sensilla 6 VI. Dynamic Properties of Mechanotransductio n and Action Potential Encoding 1 3 VII. Calcium Signaling During Transduction by Spider Mechanoreceptors 1 4 VIII. Synaptic Modulation o f Spider Mechanoreceptors 1 5 IX. Conclusions 17 References 1 7 CHAPTER 2 Ion Channels for Mechanotransduction in th e Crayfish Stretch Recepto r Bo Rydqvist I. Overview 2 1 II. Introduction 2 2 III. Morphology of the SRO 23 IV. Functional Properties 24 V. Summary and Discussion of Future Research Directions 43 References 45

4 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 Mechanosensitive Ion Channels i n Caenorhabditis elegans Dafne Bazopoulou and Nektarios Tavernaraki s I. Overview 4 9 II. Introduction 50 III. C. elegans Mechanosensitive Behaviors 5 1 IV. C. elegans DEG/ENaCs 5 5 V. C. elegans TRP Ion Channels 6 6 VI. Concluding Remarks 72 References 73 Properties and Mechanism of the Mechanosensitive lon Channel Inhibitor GsMTx4, a Therapeuti c Peptide Derived from Tarantula Veno m Philip A. Gottlieb, Thomas M. Suchyna, and Frederick Sachs I. Overview 8 1 II. Introduction 8 2 III. Properties and Specificity of GsMTx4 85 IV. Cellular Sites for GsMTx4 9 5 V. Potential Therapeutic Uses for GsMTx4 9 7 VI. Conclusions 10 3 References 10 3 Mechanosensitive Channels in Neurite Outgrowt h Mario Pellegrino and Monica Pellegrin i I. Overview 11 1 II. Introduction 11 2 III. Encoding of Guidance Cues i n Axon Pathfinding 11 2 IV. Requirement of TRP Channels in Calcium-Dependent Axon Pathfinding 11 4 V. Physical Guidance Cues and Role o f Mechanosensitive Ion Channels 116 VI. Ion Channels as Molecular Integrators 119 VII. Concluding Remarks 120 References 122 CHAPTER 6 ENaC Proteins in Vascular Smoot h Muscle Mechanotransduction Heather A. Drummond I. Overview 12 7 IL Introduction 128

5 III. DEG/ENaC/ASIC Proteins are Members of a Diverse Protein Family Involved in Mechanotransduction 12 9 IV. Involvement of ENaC Proteins in Vascula r Smooth Muscle Mechanotransduction 13 7 V. Summary and Future Directions 14 5 References 145 CHAPTER 7 Regulation of the Mechano-Gated K2P Channel TREK-1 by Membrane Phospholipids Jean Chemin, Amanda Jane Patel, Patrick Delmas, Fred Sachs, Miche l Lazdunski, and Eric Honore I. Overview 15 5 II. Introduction 156 III. TREK-1 Stimulation by Membrane Phospholipids 15 8 IV. TREK-1 Inhibition by Membran e Phospholipids 16 1 References 168 CHAPTER 8 MechanoTRPs and TRPA I Andrew J. Castiglioni and Jaime Garcia-Anovero s I. Overview 17 1 II. MechanoTRP Channels 174 III. Characteristics of TRPA1 Gen e and Protein 175 IV. TRPA1 Expression in Mechanosensory Organs 176 V. Function of TRPA1 177 VI. Proposed Biological Roles for TRPA1 185 References 186 CHAPTER 9 TRPCs as MS Channels Owen P. Hamill and Rosario Marot o I. Overview 19 1 II. Introduction 19 2 III. Practical Aspects of Recordin g MS Channels 193

6 IV. Distinguishing Direct vs Indirect MS Channels 19 5 V. Extrinsic Regulation of Stretch Sensitivity 19 7 VI. Strategies to Identify MS Channel Proteins 19 7 VII. General Properties of TRPCs 19 8 VIII. Evidence for TRPC Mechanosensitivity 203 IX. Conclusions 21 5 References 218 CHAPTER 10 The Cytoskeletal Connection to Ion Channel s as a Potential Mechanosensory Mechanism : Lessons from Polycystin-2 (TRPP2 ) Horacio F. Cantiello, Nicolas Montalbetti, Qiang Li, and Xing-Zhen Chen I. Overview 23 4 IL Introduction 235 III. Role of Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics i n PC2-Mediated Channel Function 25 3 IV. Identification of Actin-Binding Protei n Interactions with Polycystin V. Effect of Hydroosmotic Pressure on PC 2 Channel Function : Role of the Cytoskeleton in Osmosensory Function 26 5 VI. The Channel-Cytoskeleton Interface : Structural-Functional Correlates 272 VII. Perspective and Future Directions 28 1 References 282 CHAPTER 11 Lipid Stress at Play : Mechanosensitivity of Voltage-Gated Channel s Catherine E. Morris and Peter F. Juranka I. Overview 29 8 II. The System Components 29 8 III. Big Picture Issues 30 1 IV. Reversible Stretch-Induced Changes in Particular VGCs 31 9 V. Irreversible Stretch-Induced Gating Changes in VGCs 325 VI. Technical Issues 327 VII. Summary Comments 33 0 References 330

7 CHAPTER 12 Hair Cell Mechanotransduction : The Dynamic Interplay Between Structure and Function Anthony J. Ricci and Bechara Kacha r I. Overview 33 9 II. Auditory System 340 III. Hair Bundle Structure 34 1 IV. MET Involves Mechanically Gated Channels 34 1 V. Where are These Channels? 343 VI. The Gating Spring Theory 344 VII. How are the Channels Activated? 34 7 VIII. To Be or Not to Be Tethered 34 9 IX. Characterizing Channel Properties? 35 1 X. MET Channel Pore 352 XI. Adaptation 35 4 XII. The Dynamic Hair Bundle 36 1 XIII. Summary and Future Directions 36 5 References 36 6 CHAPTER 13 Insights into the Pore of the Hair Cell Transduce r Channel from Experiments with Permeant Blockers Sietse M. van Netten and Come J. Kros I. Overview 37 6 II. Introduction 37 6 III. Ionic Selectivity of the Transducer Channel 37 7 IV. Permeation and Block of Mechanorecepto r Channels by FM V. Permeation and Block of the Hair Cell Transducer Channel by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 38 2 VI. Transducer Channel Block by Amilorid e and Its Derivatives 39 1 VII. Conclusions 39 4 References 396 CHAPTER 14 Models of Hair Cell Mechanotransductio n Susanne Bechstedt and Jonathon Howard I. Overview 39 9 II. Introduction 400 III. Transduction Channel Properties 40 1 IV. Gating 408 V. Active Hair Bundle Motility 41 5 VI. Conclusions 418 References 418

8 CHAPTER 15 Touch Liam J. Drew, Francois Rugiero, and John N. Woo d I. Overview 42 6 II. Introduction 426 III. Structure of Skin and Touch Receptors 42 7 IV. Physiology of Mechanoreceptive Nerve Fibers 432 V. Quantitating Mechanical Responses i n Animal Models 43 5 VI. Electrophysiological Approaches to Mechanosensation in Rodents 43 6 VII. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cultured Sensory Neurons 43 7 VIII. Gating MS Ion Channels in DRG Neurons 44 6 IX. Candidate Ion Channels 44 7 X. Voltage-Gated Channels an d Mechanosensation 45 4 XI. Indirect Signaling Between Sensory Neurons an d Nonneuronal Cells 45 6 XII. Conclusions 457 References 45 7 CHAPTER 16 Mechanosensitive Ion Channels i n Dystrophic Muscle Jeffry B. Lansman I. Overview 46 7 II. Introduction 468 III. MS Channel Expression During Myogenesis 46 9 IV. Permeabilty Properties of MS Channels i n Skeletal Muscle 47 0 V. Gating 47 1 VI. Pharmacology 478 VII. Conclusions 48 1 References 48 2 CHAPTER 17 MscCa Regulation of Tumor Cell Migratio n and Metastasis Rosario Maroto and Owen P. Hamil l I. Overview 48 5 II. Introduction 486

9 III. Different Modes of Migration 48 7 IV. Cat+ Dependence of Cell Migration 49 0 V. The Role of MscCa in Cell Migration 49 9 VI. Can Extrinsic Mechanical Forces Acting on MscCa Switch on Cell Migration? 50 1 References 502 CHAPTER 18 Stretch-Activated Conductances in Smooth Muscle s Kenton M. Sanders and Sang Don Ko h L Overview 51 1 IL Introduction 512 III. Mechanosensitive Conductances that Generat e Inward Currents 51 4 IV. Mechanosensitive Conductances that Generat e Outward Currents 527 References 535 CHAPTER 19 Mechanosensitive lon Channels in Blood Pressure-Sensing Baroreceptor Neuron s Mark W. Chapleau, Yongjun Lu, and Francois M. Abbou d I. Overview 54 1 II. Introduction 542 III. BR Sensory Transduction 544 IV. Mechanosensitive Channels in BR Neurons 54 8 V. Methodological Limitations and Challenges 55 8 VI. Summary and Future Directions 56 0 References 56 1 Index 569