Tracking sediment-laden Mississippi River water through Louisiana's river diversions with MODIS data
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1 Tracking sediment-laden Mississippi River water through Louisiana's river diversions with MODIS data CSPP/IMAPP User s Meeting 2017 Alaric Haag, Nan Walker, Robert Iles, Shuzhan Fan haag@lsu.edu, nwalker@lsu.edu, riles2@lsu.edu, sfan2@lsu.edu Earth Scan Laboratory Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences College of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
2 Direct Broadcast Satellite Data Ground Station Founded, 1988 by Prof. Oscar Huh Prof. Nan Walker, Director since 2003 Over 25 years experience in image processing, analysis and dissemination Extensive environmental data archive label # satel telem date day time durat lines orbit lsu1 1 noaa-9 hrpt 1988/06/ :02:49 10: Missions: Emergency Response Research Education Real-time and Archived Data/Products NOAA AVHRR 1988-present GOES East GVAR 1996-present Orbview-2 SeaWiFS Oceansat-1 OCM Terra/Aqua MODIS 2001-present* Suomi NPP VIIRS 2012-present*
3 The Water Institute of the Gulf (of Mexico) thewaterinstitute.org Project leading to our collaboration Founded in 2011 Administers the RESTORE Act Center of Excellence Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourism Opportunities, and Revived Economies (of the Gulf Coast States) Conduit between academic, public and private research communities Approached ESL to add remote sensing component to ongoing sediment research Results shown here presented by Cyndhia Ramatchandirane (TWIG) at 2016 State of the Coast, paper currently in preparation
4 Landsat-8, March 13, 2016
5 Spillways & Diversions Bonnet Carré Spillway 5.7 mi spillway by 7-12k feet wide Flows into Lake Pontchartrain 2008 (46% of 350 bays), 2011 (94%), 2016 (60%) 1929 construction
6 Spillways & Diversions Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion Completed in 2002 Largest of the FDs in Louisiana Combat salt water intrusion Promote healthy environment for seafood industry 10,000 acres Max flow > cfs Combat land loss
7
8 Study Area Lake Cataouache Lake Salvador Bayou Rigolettes Little Lake Bay Dosgris Barataria Bay
9 Study Summary Locate clear-sky MODIS imagery for dates of field data Perform atmospheric correction Develop regression model correlating reflectance to sediment concentration Challenges : Solutions Unfortunately, field work not planned around use of satellite imagery! Difficulty utilizing NASA algorithms on small inland waters : Employ clear-water pixel algorithm on Rayliegh-corrected reflectance Spatial Resolution : Utilized 645nm (red) channel for 250m resolution Fixed stations proximal to shoreline where stray light contaminates imagery : Ultimately rejected altogether Apply model to scenarios combining diversion discharge and wind conditions Extract data over water pixels in provided polygons for simple statistics
10 Methodology & Tools Utilize SeaDAS for image processing/analysis Derive Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (rhos) Leverage powerful masking capabilities of SeaDAS Easy band math for clear-water pixel subtraction Miscellaneous post-processing in Python
11 SSC = 20,180(R645) (R645) R-Sq = 0.84 n = 108 RMSE = mg/l
12 Results May 10, 2010 High discharge from DPFD Light wind regime High sediment also seen from Caernarvon Diversion on east side of Miss. River
13 Results March 27, 2015 Pulse from DPFD Immediately following southerly wind regime
14 Results Jan 27, 2010 Easterly wind regime Note sediment from Miss. River approaching from the east
15 Extending to Lake Pontchartrain Rare opportunity: Bonnet Carré Spillway opening MS thesis work of Robert Iles Aqua MODIS, 18:19 UTC, January 18, 2016
16 Extending to Lake Pontchartrain ISC = e x R-Sq: 0.97 RMSE: mg/l
17
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19 Conclusions Use of MODIS satellite imagery to hindcast sediment distribution and behavior proved useful, if challenging Regression models successfully developed Winds seem to play a large role in of sediment behavior Field data collection: Fun (?) but burdensome Obvious need to coordinate with satellite schedules Need more in situ sensors, away from shorelines for better atmospheric correction Provide information for the planning of future diversions Can inform sediment behavior during future spillway openings Strengthen models through further study
20 Acknowledgements Thank you! Thanks also to: The Water Institute of the Gulf PIs: Cyndhia Ramatchandirane, Mead Allison LSU Coastal Studies Institute Ishan Joshi (SeaDAS bootstrap!)
21 Questions?
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