An Integrated Storm Surge, Hurricane Wave, Salinity and Sediment Transport Modeling System for Breton Sound, LA
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1 An Integrated Storm Surge, Hurricane Wave, Salinity and Sediment Transport Modeling System for Breton Sound, LA Q. Jim Chen Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
2 Acknowledgements Haihong Zhao, Kelin Hu (LSU/CEE) Robert Twilley, Jaye Cable (LSU, Co-PI) Pat Fitzpatrick (MSU, Co-PI) Hendrik Tolman (NOAA/NCEP, CO-PI) John Pardue, Clint Willson, Greg Zhang Funding
3 Objective Develop a computer modeling system to predict storm surges, hurricane waves, and corresponding wetland erosion and sedimentation in Breton Sound and Wax Lake Delta. Transport models: Sediment Salinity Oil slicks
4 Study Area Lake Pontchartrain Caernarvon Marsh Biloxi Marsh Chandeleur Island Mississippi River
5 Vegetation Coverage (NLCD) NLCD Class # NLCD Class Name Marshes Legend Open Water 21 Developed - Open Space 22 Developed Low Intensity 23 Developed Medium Intensity 24 Developed Medium Intensity 31 Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) 41 Deciduous Forest 42 Evergreen Forest 43 Mixed Forest 52 Shrub/Scrub 71 Grassland/Herbaceous 81 Pasture/Hay 82 Cultivated Crops 90 Woody Wetlands 95 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands In Louisiana GAP analysis project, #95 is classified as Brackish marsh with Manning s coefficient of and at the seaward edge saline marsh is distributed but not indicated in NLCD database.
6 Marsh Properties Sampling Site Breton Sound (August, 2009) Terrebonne Bay (December, 2009) Plant Density (number/m 2 ) Stem Height (m) / (Stem Diameter (mm)) Bending Stiffness EI (N m 2 ) / / Breton Sound Terrebonne Bay
7 Bottom Sediment (LASeabed) LA Seabed (Tulip Pink) US Seabed (Aster Purple) Including: Sand%, Mud%, Clay% and D 50
8 Latitude (degrees) Hurricane Katrina (H*WIND) Hurricane Katrina 2005 coastline track tropical storm hurricane Longitude (degrees)
9 Fall 2004 ~ Fall 2006 Impact of Hurricane Katrina Basin Mississippi River Delta Breton Sound Pontchartrain Pearl River Period Class Mi 2 Km 2 Mi 2 Km 2 Mi 2 Km 2 Mi 2 Km 2 Net Land Area Change Flooded Burned Marsh Flooded Ag/Pasture Impoundment Adjusted Net Land Area Change Land Area Change in Coastal Louisiana After the 2005 Hurricanes: Overview (Barras, 2006)
10 Methodology Numerical Models Storm surge model (ADCIRC) 3D circulation model (Modified ECOM3D) Spectral wave model (SWAN w/ vegetation) Sediment transport model (SED vegetation) Satellite Images Estimated the increase of water area by comparing LANDSAT imagery before/after the storm (Barras 2006)
11 Hot start after 30 days of tide simulation Mesh:SL15v71 ADCIRC (2.4M nodes, 4.7M elements) Time step: 1s Open boundary 7 tidal constituents (K1, O1, Q1,N2, M2, S2 and K2) Parallel run on 800 cores for 12 days simulation (Aug 27 ~ Sep 7, 2008)
12 Hot start after 30 days of tide simulation Mesh:SL15v71 ADCIRC (2.4M nodes, 4.7M elements) Time step: 1s Open boundary 7 tidal constituents (K1, O1, Q1,N2, M2, S2 and K2) Parallel run on 800 cores for 12 days simulation (Aug 27 ~ Sep 7, 2008)
13 Numerical Modeling System Wind Forcing (H*Wind) Hydrodynamic Model (ECOM3D) Offshore Boundary Conditions River Discharge (USGS) SED Cohesive and Non-cohesive Sediments properties Sediment Load from River Suspended Sediment Concentration SSC
14 Numerical Modeling System Wind Forcing (H*Wind) Hydrodynamic Model (ECOM3D) Offshore Boundary Conditions River Discharge (USGS) Wind Waves (SWAN) SED Cohesive and Non-cohesive Sediments properties Sediment Load from River Suspended Sediment Concentration SSC
15 Numerical Modeling System Wind Forcing (H*Wind) Hydrodynamic Model (ECOM3D) Offshore Boundary Conditions Wind Waves (SWAN) SED Cohesive and Non-cohesive Sediments properties Suspended Sediment Concentration SSC
16 Numerical Modeling System Wind Forcing (H*Wind) Hydrodynamic Model (ECOM3D) Wind Waves (SWAN) SED Cohesive and Non-cohesive Sediments properties Suspended Sediment Concentration SSC
17 Model Setup Water points Cell size along the Chandeleur Island is ~150m(dx) by ~260m(dy) Cell size in the marsh area is 200m~300m Boundary conditions are provided by ADCIRC
18 Latitude (degrees) Maximum Surge Height Maximum Surge Surface Elevation (m) Longitude (degrees)
19 Modeled (m, NAVD) Comparison with measured HWM 15 r 2 =0.874, RMSE= Measured (m, NAVD)
20 Latitude (degrees) Wave Model Setup (SWAN) Model domain Utilize the same mesh for Breton Sound Offshore boundary Employ the spectra output from a regional scale model Buoy Buoy42040 Bottom friction Longitude (degrees) Input the spatial and temporal varying friction coefficients computed in the circulation model Buoy42039
21 Tpk (sec) Azimuth Angle (deg.) Hsig (m) Tavg (sec) Comparison of Wave Parameters /08 28/08 29/08 30/08 31/08 Date (2005) /08 28/08 29/08 30/08 31/08 Date (2005) Modeled Measured /08 28/08 29/08 30/08 31/08 Date (2005) 0 27/08 28/08 29/08 30/08 31/08 Date (2005)
22 Maximum Significant Wave Height Non-vegetated Bed
23 Maximum Significant Wave Height Vegetated Bed
24 Flow Resistance
25 Wetland Loss (Before Hurricane) August 9, 2005 Initial Coverage in Numerical Model
26 Wetland Loss (After Hurricane) September 4, 2005 Model Output of Damaged Vegetation Area
27 Maximum Bottom Shear Stress Vegetation reduces the bottom shear stress (sheltering effects)
28 Latitude (degrees) Sediment Suspension (Snapshort) Depth-Averaged SSC at 11:30, 08/29/2005 < >10 SSC (g/l) Longitude (degrees)
29 Latitude (degrees) Bed Erosion After Katrina s Landfall /30/ : Bed Elevation Change (cm) Longitude (degrees)
30 Conclusion and Future Work The effects of vegetation have been incorporated into an integrated modeling system for the simulation of storm surges, hurricane waves, and wetland erosion and sedimentation in coastal Louisiana. Future work includes 1) comparison with the satellite estimate of wetland loss, 2) field measurements of spatial varying marsh properties, marsh critical strength, critical shear stress Modeling of the fate and transport of the oil spill under hurricane conditions.
31 Preliminary Result of Oil Spill Modeling Hydrodynamic modeling POM/ECOM ADCIRC MIKE21/3 FVCOM Oil Spill model GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) MIKE SA/OS Animation
32 Weathering
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