Arctic observational network

Transcription

1 Arctic observational network Alexander Makshtas Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute

2 Russian drifting stations in XX and XXI centures

3 Lidar Echo-sounder Echo-sounder emitter Radiation ADCP WHS 300 Unmanned plane MAWS-40 Inlets of ozone, carbon dioxide, methane and radioactivity analyzers Precipitation gauge Spectrometer Ramses Weather shed Radiosound Total ozone IMB buoy Long ranger ADCP WH LP 757 aerostat GPS and GLONAS systems for ice drift calculations Polygon 80x100 m for mass balance and dynamic studies Ice thickness measurements Carbon dioxide flux measurements Transmitter IMB Thermo chain IMB Ice thickness Snow height submersible vehicle SBE 37SM MicroCat 3 SBE 19 profilers Current meter RCM Grid Juday Overview of observations at the drifting station North Pole : - structure of low stratosphere and troposphere, including study of ozone layer; - structure of atmospheric boundary and; - surface radiation and cloudiness; - greenhouse gases in atmospheric surface layer; - spectral and integral albedo; - turbulent regime of atmospheric and oceanic surface layers - standard meteorology and radio soundings; - sea ice structure and physical mechanical properties; - ocean thermohaline structure and currents.

4 Historical and modern vertical turbulent heat fluxes from measurements at some drifting stations Н, W/m Т, 0 С H, W/m Monthly mean values Month Day of month 1 1 H H Ta LE, W/m LE, W/m V, м/s April Month Day of month 1 1 LE LE V Day of month 0 blue NP-35, red NP Day of month

5 Hydrometeorological Observatory Tiksi, Research station Ice Base Cape Baranov, and Russian scientific Center at Spitsbergen

6 Hydrometeorological observatory Tiksi (open in 010) The Tiksi Hydrometeorological Observatory is designed for co-location of observations supporting networks such as BSRN, GAW, UV-NET, CRN, AeroNET, and others. IASOA Main building HMO Tiksi The tower for measurements of turbulent fluxes (the height 0 meters) Clean air facility Павильон чистого воздуха Complex of climate reference network Complex of BSRN Scheme of data collection and transmission

7 Research station «Ice Base Cape of Baranov» (reopen 013) Main directions: - standard meteorology and radiosoundings; - surface aerosol, including black carbon; - surface radiation balance; - UV radiation, total ozone content and ozone in low stratosphere; - surface heat balance; - CO /methane fluxes; - permafrost and glacier studies - drifting and fast ice, and icebergs investigations - hydrology oceanography

8 Infrastructure of Russian Scientific Center at Spitsbergen

9 Network of meteorological stations in the Northern Yacutia Trends ( 0 C/10 years) Correlation winter summer

10 Duration of heating period

11 Linear trends of air temperature (0C/year) at standard isobaric surfaces гпа 0 in Tiksi zem -0,18-0,14-0,10-0,06-0,0 0,0 0,06 0,10 0,14 Olenek Chokurdah Chokurdah zem -0,18-0,14-0,10-0,06-0,0 0,0 0,06 0,10 0,14 Chersky -0,18-0,14-0,10-0,06-0,0 0,0 0,06 0,10 0, zem -0,18-0,14-0,10-0,06-0,0 0,0 0,06 0,10 0, zem гпа гпа гпа ºС/год ºС/год ºС/год ºС/год Усть- Оленёк Саскылах Verhojansk ГМО Тикси 8 Тюмяти Чокурдах Джалинда Кюсюр Юбилейное Андрюшкино Сухана Джаржан 77 Депутатский Колымская Оленёк Черский Ярольин Верхоянск Среднеколымская zem -0,18-0,14-0,10-0,06-0,0 0,0 0,06 0,10 0, гпа ºС/год

12 Ship Campaigns Existing and Potential Long-Term, Distributed ground-based Measurements (Russia and Partners) can offer Observational Support to the PPP and YOPP (prepared by T. Uttal) Cape Baranov Russian Drifting Stations

13 Some Suggestions - Data from SHEBA and North Pole Russian drifting stations are important for model experiments as a part of the YOPP Preparation Phase, for MOSAiC and future North Pole station planning. - An international program of atmospheric observations, executed by Roshydromet (Russia), NOAA (USA) and FMI (Finland) at the Tiksi Hydro-meteorological observatory and possible extended programs at Ice Base Cape Baranov in concert with Polar Observatories at Summit, Ny-Ålesund, Eureka, Alert and Barrow ( offer YOPP a comprehensive data set on the polar atmospheric and underlying surface in a picket fence configuration surrounding the Arctic Ocean. - The existing network of polar stations and resulting surface and upper air meteorological observations will be essential for YOPP experimental design. Additional financial and instrument support is very important for relevant data quality and value. (For example 4 radiosoundings per day vs the usual 1 at Russian polar stations). Additional soundings require additional personnel and sondes. - Must consider the state of permafrost, fast ice, glaciers, hydrological studies (important for flooding), and atmospheric chemistry in the framework of YOPP. - Important to develop standard protocols and data formats of data similar to the procedures followed by previous WMO global experiments (For example: GARP Global Experiment)

14 Thank you for attention