Norway-Japan collaboration on the Polar Science: Past and Future

Transcription

1 Norway-Japan Marine Seminar 2014 JUNE TOKYO Norway-Japan collaboration on the Polar Science: Past and Future Kazuyuki Shiraishi Director-General, National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan 1

2 Arctic Research Activity of Japan Japanese scientists initiated researches in the Arctic since 1950s, and have activated as institutional study since 1980s. 1. Conjugate auroral observation in Iceland (1984 ~) 2. Glacier and ice cap coring (1987~) 3. Ny-Ålesund Station (1991~), Longyearbyen office (1993 ~ ) 4. EISCAT member with ESR 2 nd antenna (1996~), 5. Satellite data facilities and rocket experiments, 6. Meteorological observations, and atmospheric monitoring. 7. Arctic cruises by RV/Mirai (1998 ~) and others, marine ecosystem, ocean and sea ice survey. 8. Terrestrial ecosystem, hydrology, geomorphology. by NIPR, JAMSTEC, NIES and universities/institutes. 9. Since 2011, GRENE Arctic Climate Research Project 2

3 Arctic Research Atmosphere sciences such as greenhouse gasses, ozone observation, emission and aerosol observation and biological field works in Ny-Ålesund. EISCAT in Longyearbyen. Rabben, Ny-Ålesund Since 1991 Atmospheric observations Ecophysiological study EISCAT Svalbard Radar Comparative study of atmospheric research, aurora observation and glaciological study Atmospheric observation campaign Auroral observation Glacier coring 3

4 Japanese scientific activities in Svalbard Histograms show the number of programs. Arrows show continuous observations. NIPR IASC 1991 NIPR Ny-Ålesund Sta. IPY GRENE Oceanography Bio- science Glaciology Aerosol, Greenhouse gas, Cloud Atmospheric science ASTAR Geoscience S.Gravimeter Geol. JSES Geomor. Geomor. EISCAT MF auroral radio Upper atmosphere physics JSES Meteor radar VLF/LF 4

5 Ny-Ålesund Research Station NIPR research station, Ravven,established in 1991 Planned new site A new building is under contemplation. 5

6 Research infrastructures in Svalbard, enhanced by the Arctic Climate Research Project - Cloud, aerosol, precipitation - Greenhouse gas monitoring - Black carbon sampling - Terrestrial ecosystem New instrument at Ny-Ålesund, and cooperation with satellite observations EarthCARE (JAXA/ESA) Cloud Particle Probe And imager Microwave Radiometer NEW 95GHz Cloud Radar Lidar/MPL i-skyradiometer All-Sky Camera UPDATING SENSOR AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY EISCAT radar(esr) continuous run is proposed in Solar Max. Japan is a full SIOS-Preparatory Phase partner. Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System 6

7 Ecology of marine predators in the Arctic Ocean Swimming behavior of Greenland sharks in Svalbard using recording devices (2009) Collaboration with NPI. The slowest fish! Photo by Armin Muck Watanabe et al. (2012) JEMBE 7

8 Green Network of Excellence Program Arctic Climate Change Research Project "Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), NIPR: the core Institute, JAMSTEC: supporting institute, with 300 researchers from 35 universities and institutions. 8

9 Understanding mechanism of warming amplification in the Arctic Understanding of Arctic climate system for global climate and future change Ecosystem GHG Glacier Evaluation of effects of the Arctic change on weather in Japan, marine ecosystem and fishery Barents Sea to east Asia Sea Ice Sea ice INSROPE 1990s New Era 2010s Prediction of sea Ice distribution responding to availability of Arctic Sea routes 9

10 Mapping of sea ice production by sattelite SSM/I ( ) (Tamura and Ohshima, 2011, JGR-Ocean) 10

11 Improved mapping of sea ice production by AMSR-E ( ) (Iwamoto, Ohshima, and Tamura, 2014, JGR-Ocean) 11

12 Winter ice motion for precasting summer retreat GRENE Arctic project Univ. of Tokyo Group N. Kimura and H. Yamahguchi Svalbard tracking Start: December 1 AMSR-E, AMSR2 89GHz Winter: Dec.-April 37.5 km grid Summer:May-Nov km grid Oslo 12

13 AMSR2 SIC+SST+SND composite image produced by ADS team (H. Yabuki, T. Sugimura, T. Terui) 13

14 ADS : GRENE Arctic Project Tool GRENE-Arctic project aims connecting of observation and modeling studies in the interdisciplinary area of sciences. ADS is essential for this activity. GRENE research data, Climate satellite data, simulation data archive and visualization 14

15 Arctic Data Archiving System : New data stream started by GRENE Arctic Project

16 Preparatory Phase Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observation System International infrastructure project. 28 partners from Europe and Asia. To establish better coordinated services for the International Research community with respect to access, data and knowledge management, logistics and training. SIOS Homepage 16

17 Svalbard Mainland Japan-Norway collaboration on Space Science Now Ground- Based obs. +Optical +Meteor + FPI +Na Lidar + GPS net JP balloons Japanese Rocket Launching EISCAT Ålesund Ground- Based obs. EISCAT mainland Japan participation ICI? EISCAT 3D EISCAT Svalbard Twin Triple? (China) + Japanese Rocket Launching NIPR observatory at Ny Ålesund MF radar at Bear Is. + auroral optical at Longyearbyen Sun obs. Hinode Solar-C After Fujii and Moen (2012) Report from Japan Norway Symposium on Space Sciences in Polar Regions Hinode data center SIOS 17

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19 Memorandum of Understanding between NPI and NIPR (NPI: Norwegian Polar Institute, NIPR: National Institute of Polar Research) [Purpose of MOU] Signed on 2 November 2012 Recognizing the need for strengthened research focus in Polar regions to understand the earth environment, Acknowledging the necessity of logistic and R&D collaboration in isolated environments, NPI and NIPR enhance their bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology on polar research and logistics. [Key activities] NPI and NIPR will cooperate on science and technology on polar regions in the field such as: Atmosphere science Glaciology Geology and geophysics Marine and terrestrial biology Oceanography Upper atmospheric physics Polar engineering and logistics Education and outreach Exchange of students and scientists 19

20 Norway-Japan Marine Seminar 2014 JUNE TOKYO Summary Japanese Arctic activity in Science has been increasing since 1991, In particular, in Svalbard. GRENE Arctic climate research project ( ) is ongoing with collaboration of Japanese scientists, approaching the Arctic problems through four strategic targets in terms of understanding, predicting and utilizing. Sea ice study is an important part of the project. The Arctic data archiving System (ADS) enables to gather, archive and utilize field and satellite data. Effective use of limited research resources through SIOS is essential : Ny-Ålesund Station, EISCAT_3D, ADS etc. 20

21 Thank you for attention 21

22 ADS Arctic Environment Research Center in the National Institute of Polar Research, made Arctic Data archive System (ADS) in March 2012, in order to promote the mutual use of scientific data. The variation of sea ice and its influence on the environment and industrial activities in the coastal region are strong concern. ADS is available for this use. Relationships between sea ice and ground condition are challenging target of science. ADS enable to indicate Ocean and Ground information. This study demonstrates using ADS in the Arctic Ocean and Sub-arctic Seas. 22

23 ADS: Arctic Data archive System ADS data Up to on the Web site You can sea use!! Constructed in the GRENE Arctic Climate Research project. Useful for quick look of data and visualizing satellite data in the target area ( Arctic, Okhotsk, Antarctic) Satellite microwave data since 1978 was archived in ADS. SMMR, SSM/I, AMSR, AMSR-E and AMSR-2 These data sets enable to analyze more than 35- years time series of sea ice conditions in the Arctic and Okhotsk. Any person sea can use!!! 23

24 Sea ice concentration (%) less coverage 1989 Sea of Okhotsk (North of Monbetsu, drifting route of sea ice from Sakhalin) a) Sea of Okhotsk Sea ice concentration data was extracted between Sakhalin and Monbetsu. We observed the sea ice concentration decreasing trend from 1993, especially since 1989 sea ice area show less coverage. Sea ice drifting route from Sakhalin to Monbetsu. Mombetsu Map of data sampling in Okhotsk, North of Mombetsu. Sea of Okhotsk, off Mombetsu ~ Year 35-years record of sea ice in Mombetsu area. 24

25 Svalbard Sea ice concentration data was extracted between Svalbard and Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa. * Summer sea ice concentration decrease after 1994 and * Winter sea ice concentration decrease after (Observation ships goes from here in 2005.) Greenland after1993 Svalbard Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa Severnaya Zemlya Norwegian Sea Barents Sea Novaya Zemlya Kara Sea after1994 after2003 Data sampling point near Svalbard Islands. Sea ice condition in the north of Svalbard Islands. JAPANESE observation base was build in Sea ice and weather 25 study