FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: The FRAM Ocean Observing System
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1 FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: The FRAM Ocean Observing System Thomas Soltwedel Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Arctic Frontiers 2017 Svalbard Symposium Tromsø, 24 th January 2017
2 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Aims and key tasks Sustained multidisciplinary, year-round surface to seafloor observations in the changing Arctic to address variability and trends in physical and chemical conditions, and ecosystem response 5 (7) year HGF Strategic Investment (25 Mio. Euro) to implement a distributed observatory infrastructure in Fram Strait and in the central Arctic (start: August 2014) Long-term operation by AWI for minimum 20 years Develop and implement cutting edge technologies (moored, mobile, and drifting platforms; autonomous sensors, samplers) Establish procedures for data dissemination (web portal, data archive, visualization of results, also for educative uses)
3 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Building on existing infrastructure Integrating existing AWI time-series programmes (HAUSGARTEN, HAFOS) and extending the scientific scope as well as spatial and temporal coverage Hybrid Arctic Float Observation System A hybrid system of ice-resistant profiling subsurface floats, surface drifters on the ice and moored stations communicating acoustically to improve the endurance, depth range and reliability of the various systems to integrate new sensors, e.g. to measure biogeochemical parameters and ice thickness to develop high frequency acoustic data transfer by use of messenger platforms
4 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Building on existing infrastructure Results from oceanographic time-series studies in Fram Strait Spatial-temporal variations (a) in water temperature at in 250 m water depth and (b) Temperature anomalies in Fram Strait between 1997 und 2011 (Beszczynska-Möller et al., 2012)
5 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Building on existing infrastructure Integrating existing AWI time-series programmes (HAUSGARTEN, HAFOS) and extending the scientific scope as well as spatial and temporal coverage LTER HAUSGARTEN since stations m bathymetric and latitudinal transect repeated sampling continuous sampling and measurements visual observations experimental work to generate a mechanistic understanding of polar marine ecosystem response to environmental change
6 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Building on existing infrastructure Results from ecological time-series studies in Fram Strait Changes in phytoplankton composition in eastern parts of the Fram Strait Variations in epi/megabenthos densities at 2500 m water depth Spatial-temporal variations in organic matter availability (chloroplastic pigments) and biomass (proteins, lipids) at the deep seafloor Invasion of sub-arctic pteropod and amphipod species in Fram Strait
7 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Building on existing infrastructure Integrating existing AWI time-series programmes (HAUSGARTEN, HAFOS) and extending the scientific scope as well as spatial and temporal coverage fixed components: oceanographic moorings moorings with sediment traps and water samplers mobile components: ice-tethered platforms seagliders / floats annual campaigns: plankton/ benthos sampling CTD casts, incl. water sampling plus en-route measurements
8 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Contributing sections, work packages and task teams Observational Oceanography Ocean Acoustics WP Climate 1: Coordination, mangagement, Dynamics dissemination Sea Ice Physics Backbone Oceanography Surface profiling units Floats, gliders, satellite comm. AUV platform Active & passive hydroacoustics Ice-tethered platforms Remote sensing and biooptics FRAM coordination Data management WP 4: Biological and ecological observations Phytooptics Biogeochemical sensors Crawler systems Polar Biological Oceanography WP 2: Physical oceanography observations Biogeochemical samplers Microbial observatory Imaging systems (pelagic / benthic) WP 3: Sea-ice based observations Benthic observatories Planktosens (YIG) Deep Sea Ecology & Technology Phytochange (YIG) Seapump (YIG)
9 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Contributing sections, work packages and task teams Climate Dynamics Remote sensing and biooptics Polar Biological Oceanography Observational Oceanography Backbone Oceanography Biogeochemical sensors Planktosens (YIG) Ocean Acoustics Surface profiling units Floats, gliders, satellite comm. AUV platform Active & passive hydroacoustics FRAM coordination Data management Biogeochemical samplers Microbial observatory Imaging systems (pelagic / benthic) Benthic observatories Phytochange (YIG) Seapump (YIG) Sea Ice Physics Ice-tethered platforms Crawler systems Deep Sea Ecology & Technology Phytooptics
10 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Tasks addressed in the first two years Hiring personnel (1 coordinator, 11 scientists, 3 engineers, 10 technicians) Select and purchase state of the art instruments and sensors (autonomous samplers and filtration devices, sensors, zooplankton and seafloor imaging systems, sea ice buoys, ) Develop and improve systems and components for autonomous observations (AUV payload, profiling sensor packages, ship-based filtration system, particle cameras, instruments measuring benthic flux, ) Design novel observatory platforms (multidisciplinary ice-tethered platforms, benthic crawler, )
11 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Tasks addressed in the first two years Test systems under laboratory conditions and at test sites (test basins, pressure tanks, North Sea, Kattegat, ) Instrument deployments and tests in the Fram Strait and Central Arctic, continuation of running time-series observations (profiling moorings, zooplankton and seafloor imaging systems, ) Installation of flow-trough systems on RV Polarstern (en-route measurements as part of the observing system, e.g. FerryBox, ) Develop procedures and tools for data dissemination and product generation (data portal with webgis content, remote sensing products, )
12 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Working areas Central Arctic (focus on the Eurasian Basin) Ice tethered platforms, moorings, Fram Strait (extending to Nordic Seas) Floats, gliders, moorings, benthic observatories, benthic crawlers, + ship-based observations IBCAO / Jakobsson et al. (2012), doi: /2012gl052219
13 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Expeditions (Polarstern, Svalbard, Merian, ) pre-fram cruises, but contributing to FRAM tasks (mooring installations): 2014: PS85, KV Svalbard (Fram Strait) 2015: PS93.2 (Fram Strait), PS94 (Central Arctic) 2016: PS99.2, PS100 (Fram Strait), PS101 (Central Arctic) confirmed: 2017: PS107, PS108, PS109 (Fram Strait) proposed: 2018: MSM?, ODEN?? (Fram Strait),??? (Central Arctic) 2019: PS113 (Fram Strait)
14 Visualisation: S. Lüdeling, Medieningenieure FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: From artist expression to reality ICE STATIONS
15 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Polar area weather station (PAWS) surface unit mast with GPS, Iridium satellite antenna, anemometer, barometer, temperature and humidity sensor; sea surface temperature sensor internal to the hull assembly; transmission of weather related data on a 3-hour interval surface buoy supporting a wire that extends through the ice flow and down into surface waters; underwater profiler carrying oceanographic and various bio-optical sensors; water property data are sent to shore in near-real time Photos: M. Hoppmann Ice-tethered bio-optical buoys (ITBOB)
16 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Surface velocity profiler (SVP) Buoy positions on Snow height beacons (SHB) IMB SHB SVP Ice mass balance buoy (IMB) seaiceportal.de Photos: M. Hoppmann Photos: M. Hoppmann Spectral radiation station (SRS)
17 Visualisation: S. Lüdeling, Medieningenieure FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: From artist expression to reality SURFACE WATERS
18 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Mooring with profiling sensor unit AUV LOKI and autonomous water sampler
19 Visualisation: S. Lüdeling, Medieningenieure FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: From artist expression to reality WATER COLUMN
20 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Sediment Traps Develogic, Hamburg Acoustic Recorder K.U.M., Kiel Photo: G. Rohardt
21 Visualisation: S. Lüdeling, Medieningenieure FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: From artist expression to reality SEAFLOOR
22 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Free-falling Systems Towed Camera Systems short-term: SCOC incubations, micro-profiling seafloor imaging: Ocean Floor Observation System long-term: time-lapse cameras, sediment trap, optodes, experiments
23 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Instruments deployed Benthic Crawler one year video-guided lowering measurement and sampling in determined intervals ascent after acoustic release signal GEOMAR Microprofiler Unit
24 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Data supply and visualisation
25 FRAM FRontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring: Data supply and visualisation
26 THANK YOU!
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