Gr 10 Physics Worksheet paper 1. Sound and hearing

Transcription

1 Gr 10 Physics Worksheet paper 1 Sound and hearing 1 (a)which row of the table is correct for both infrasound radiation and infrared radiation? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. [1] (b) Describe how infrasound differs from ultrasound. [1] (c)bottlenose dolphins produce sounds in the frequency range 200 Hz 150 khz. Echolocation is the location of objects by using reflected sound. Bottlenose dolphins use ultrasounds for echolocation. (i)when the dolphin is 25 m from the sea wall, it emits a pulse of ultrasound. Calculate the time taken for this pulse to return to the dolphin. [speed of sound in water 1500 m/s] [2] (d)the dolphin changes the frequency of sound it produces to 100 khz. (i)state the effect this will have on the time taken for the pulse to travel the 25 m. [1] (ii) Explain your answer. [1] Page 1 of 17

2 (e) Doctors use ultrasound for some medical scans rather than X-rays. Give two reasons why ultrasound is used rather than X-rays. [2] (f) Explain how sound waves travel through air. [2] (g) What sort of covering would be put on the walls of a sound-proof studio? [1] (h)(i) Which row correctly lists the three parts of the Earth in order of their distance from its centre? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. [1] Nearest centre furthest from centre A crust mantle outer core B mantle crust outer core C outer core crust mantle D outer core mantle crust (ii) Why are P waves refracted when passing from the mantle to the core of the earth? [1] (iii) Describe and explain the formation of a shadow zone for P and S waves. [2] Electromagnetic waves 2(a). Which of the following summarises the change in wave characteristics on going from infra-red to ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum? [1] A B C D Page 2 of 17

3 (b) (i)louis cooks a large potato. The middle of the potato gets hot more quickly if he uses a microwave oven instead of a conventional oven. Explain why. [1] (ii) The walls of his microwave oven are made of shiny metal. The shiny metal walls do not get hot. Explain [1] (c)radio waves can be transmitted over long distances. One method uses layers in the Earth s atmosphere. (i) Explain how the radio waves return to Earth. [2] (ii) Which part of the atmosphere causes the waves to return to Earth? [1] (d) A light wave from a star has a frequency of Hz and a wavelength of m. The star is m away from Earth. Calculate the time it takes light from the star to reach the Earth. [3] (e) Too much exposure to infrared and ultraviolet can cause damage to the human body. State the damage that each can cause. [2] infrared... ultraviolet... (f) The picture shows a woman checking that a banknote is genuine. She is using a lamp which emits a radiation which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. [2] Explain how two different electromagnetic radiations enable the woman to check the banknote. Page 3 of 17

4 Refraction and refraction of waves 3(a). The diagram shows one of the eyes of a person who is short-sighted. (i) Which one of the following lenses, J, K or L, could be used to correct the person s eyesight? [1] Lens... (ii)give a reason for your choice. [1] (b) A student investigates how light behaves as it leaves a clear plastic block. Figure shows some of her equipment and the path of a ray of light through the block. (i) At the light enters the block, the direction of the beam changes. State the name we use to describe this change. [1] (ii) Describe how the student can make sure the light does not change direction as it enters the block. [2] (iii) Describe what happens to the ray of light when the angle of incidence is increased beyond the critical angle. [2] Page 4 of 17

5 (d) The diagram shows an object in front of a plane mirror. (i) Draw sufficient construction lines to show the position of the image of the object in the mirror. Label the image I. [2] (ii) Is the image real or virtual? [1] (e) Sunita puts on a pair of special glasses as shown below. The glasses have coloured filters in them. (i) Sunita looks at a lamp through the green filter. The lamp gives out white light, but appears to be green. Explain how this is possible. [2] (ii). Sunita looks at a red lamp. What colour will the lamp appear to Sunita, if she looks at it through the green filter? Explain your answer. [2] (f) The wave reaches shallow water before it reaches the shore. Water waves travel more slowly in shallow water. The diagram shows the wave as it reaches the shallow water. Complete the diagram to show how the wave travels in the shallow water [2] Page 5 of 17

6 Energy resources and efficiency 4 (a) A petrol engine converts the chemical energy in the fuel to both useful forms of energy and unwanted forms of energy. Measurements show that for every 1000J of input energy only 350J of useful output energy is produced. (i) Using these measurements calculate how much unwanted energy is produced. [1] Unwanted energy. (ii) Calculate the efficiency of this petrol engine. [2] (b)figure below shows one way of using water to generate electricity. Fill in the missing words in the boxes. [4] (b) In other places, water is used in different ways to generate electricity. State two of these ways. [2] (c)the photograph shows an electric heater used to warm garages When the heater is switched on, it quickly warms up and then stays at a constant temperature. Explain why the heater stays at a constant temperature. [2] Page 6 of 17

7 Forces and Momentum 5(a).The diagram shows an object moving in a circle. (i) On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction of the centripetal force acting on the object. Label this arrow F. [1] (ii) On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction the object would move if this force were removed. Label this arrow v. [1] (b)a car of mass 1200 kg is travelling at 18 ms 1 along a horizontal road. A constant braking force of 3600 N brings it to rest. (i) Calculate the magnitude of the deceleration of the car [2] (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car during the deceleration. [2] (c)scientists test the safety features of a car by crashing it into a large block of concrete. A dummy is placed in the driver s seat and the scientists video the crash. (i) In one test, the dummy and the car travel at 8 m/s. The mass of the dummy is 72 kg. Calculate the momentum of the dummy. [2] (ii) In another test, the momentum of the dummy changes by 920 kg m/s in a time of 0.17 s. Calculate the average horizontal force acting on the dummy during this time [2] (iii) These tests help to make our roads safer. State two factors that affect the stopping distance of a car driven on a road. [2] Page 7 of 17

8 (iv) Use ideas about momentum to explain how the crumple zone of a car helps to reduce injuries during a crash. [3] (d)a bowling ball rolls for 3 s and hits a pin. The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes with time (i) How can the graph be used to find the distance that the ball rolls before it hits the pin? [2] (ii) The mass of the ball is 6.4 kg. Calculate the momentum of the ball before it hits the pin. [2] (iii) What is the velocity of the ball after it hits the pin? [1] (iv) After the collision, the ball and the pin have the same velocity. Calculate the mass of the pin. [3] Page 8 of 17

9 Motion 6(a) A water tank drips water.. Scientists could use four quantities to describe the movement of the water drops. Three of these quantities are vectors. The other quantity is a scalar. (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The scalar quantity is [1] A acceleration B force C mass D velocity (ii) Complete the following sentence using one of the quantities from the word box above. [1] In a vacuum, all bodies falling towards the Earth s surface have the same... (iii) The mass of one water drop is kg. Calculate its weight. [2] ( gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg) *(b) The tank is a long way above the ground. It drips at a steady rate. The first drawing shows water drops which have just left the tank. The second drawing shows water drops which are near to the ground. Explain why the drops which are near to the ground are an equal distance apart but the drops which have just started to fall are not. [6] Page 9 of 17

10 (c)two students, Jenny and Cho, are investigating motion. Jenny walks in a straight line. Cho measures the distance Jenny has walked at 10 s intervals The table shows their measurements. (i)plot the points on the grid and draw the line of best fit. [2] (ii) How far had Jenny walked after 35 s? [1] Page 10 of 17

11 (iii) Describe how Jenny s speed changed during the investigation. [1] (iv) What feature of the graph shows this change? [1] 7) (a) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity. State how a scalar quantity differs from a vector quantity. ( 1] (ii) Underline the two scalar quantities in the list below. energy force impulse momentum temperature [1] 8) (a) A coin is dropped to the floor. (i) Which of the graphs below, A, B, C or D, represents the distance time graph of the coin dropping?.. [1] (ii) Which of the graphs below, A, B, C or D, represents the speed time graph of the coin dropping?... [1] (ii) The coin falls through a distance of 150 cm in a time of 0.8 seconds. Calculate the average speed at which the coin falls. [2] (b) The London eye ride rotates at a constant speed of 0.24 m/s. Explain what happens to the velocity of the cars on the ride as it rotates. [2] Page 11 of 17

12 (c)a train of mass kg leaves a station A and arrives at another station D. Its journey is shown on the velocity-time graph below. (i) Use the graph to calculate the distance from station A to station D. [2] (ii) Use the graph to calculate the resultant force acting on the train when it was accelerating. [2] (iii) Explain how the size of the resultant force acting on the train during its deceleration compares to your answer in (c)(ii). [2] Stopping distance and kinetic energy 9) The table shows the stopping distances for a car. Page 12 of 17

13 (a) Use the data given to fill in the information missing at a speed of 32 m/s. [2] (b) If the car has a mass of 1050 kg, calculate its kinetic energy when it is travelling at a speed of 32 m/s [2] (c) Kinetic energy = work done. Work done = Force x distance If the car has a mass of 1050 kg, calculate the braking force when it is travelling at a speed of 32 m/s. (Use the above formulae and the table ) 10) The figure shows the head-on-collision of two blocks on a frictionless surface. Before the collision, the 2.4 kg block is moving to the right with a speed of 3m/s and 1.2 kg block is moving to the left at a speed of 2 m/s. During the collision the blocks stick together. Immediately after the collision the blocks have a common speed v. Calculate the speed v. [3] 11) The figure shows the outline of a machine for driving steel pillars (called piles) into the ground. The steel mass is raised by an electric motor and then falls under gravity. The falling steel has a mass of 200 kg and falls a distance of 6.0 m. The acceleration of free fall is 10 m /s 2. a) Calculate the potential energy gained by the mass each time it is raised, [2] Page 13 of 17

14 b) When the mass hits the pile, it has kinetic energy. This energy is transformed into other forms of energy as the speed of the falling mass rapidly reduces to zero. As this happens, the pile is forced a small distance into the ground. (i) State the energy conversions which take place, starting from the kinetic energy of the falling mass. c) When the mass hits the pile, it has kinetic energy. This energy is transformed into other forms of energy as the speed of the falling mass rapidly reduces to zero. As this happens, the pile is forced a small distance into the ground. (i) State the energy conversions which take place, starting from the kinetic energy of the falling mass. [1] ii) Explain how a large force is produced when the pile is driven a short distance into the ground.[4] 12) a Explain why gamma rays are used to irradiate food. (2) b) The machine on the right controls the thickness of paper as it is being made. The paper starts to get too thick. Explain how the machine works to change the thickness of the paper. [1] 13) a Describe an alpha particle, including its relative mass and charge. (3) b Describe how a beta particle is formed. (2) c) State how the emission of an alpha particle affects the atomic number and mass number of an atom. (2) D) The equation below shows what happens when actinium-232 undergoes β decay. Complete the equation by filling in the missing numbers Page 14 of 17

15 e) The graph shows how the activity of a radioactive source changes with time. Describe how you can use the graph to work out the half-life of the source. (2) f) Scientists who work with radiation in laboratories take precautions to keep themselves safe. Explain one precaution they can take to reduce the risk of contamination or irradiation. (2) g) Explain why contamination by having an alpha source inside the body is more harmful than having a source of gamma radiation outside the body. Include a comparison of the ionising properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation in your answer. (4) Page 15 of 17

16 Only for grade 11 1) Below is a speed-time graph of the first 4 seconds of someone running a race. acceleration 2 seconds in.( Ans: 2.25m/s2, 1.64m/s2 (3sf)) b) Work out the distance travelled by the runner. 2) A ball is placed at rest at the top of a hill. It travels with constant acceleration for the first 12 second and reaches a speed of 4m/s. It then decelerates at a constant rate of 0.1\text{m/s}^2m/s2 for 20 seconds. It then travels at a constant speed for a further 18 seconds. Draw a speed-time graph for the ball over the course of this 50 seconds. 3) The drawing on the right shows two satellites. Explain which one has the greater force of gravity on it. 4) (a) The Sun reaches its highest point in the sky on Midsummer s day. Describe how you could use this fact to measure the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun once. (2) (b) The table shows some data about the Earth s orbit of the Sun Use the above equation to calculate the orbital speed, v, of the Earth Page 16 of 17

17 5) a) Describe the two types of force that are balanced during the main sequence stage of a star s life cycle. b) Explain what happens in two different stages of a star s life cycle when gravitational forces are not balanced by other forces. c) Red-shift provides evidence for both of the theories explaining the origin of the Universe. a Look at the diagram on the right. Explain which galaxy shows the greatest red-shift. d) Look at the diagram in part a. Write the galaxies in order of their distance from the Sun, starting with the one closest to the Sun. e) What does this relationship between red-shift and distance tell us about the Universe? 6) a Describe two differences between the orbit of a comet and the orbit of a moon in the Solar System. (2) ( b) A satellite orbits the Earth at a constant speed. Explain why we say that its velocity is continually changing. (2) c A satellite orbiting the Earth fires rockets that reduce its speed. Explain what happens to the satellite. (2) Page 17 of 17