In which row is the size of the vector equal to the size of the scalar?

Transcription

1 1 Each row contains a vector and a scalar. In which row is the size of the vector equal to the size of the scalar? vector displacement of a car velocity of a car velocity of a car weight of a car scalar speed of the car distance travelled by the car speed of the car mass of the car 4 Which instrument is used to compare the masses of objects? a balance a barometer a manometer a measuring cylinder 1 workman measures, as accurately as possible, the length and internal diameter of a straight copper pipe. The length is approximately 6 cm and the internal diameter is approximately 2 cm. What is the best combination of instruments for the workman to use? internal diameter ruler ruler vernier calipers vernier calipers length ruler tape ruler tape 4 n object falls from rest through the air and the air resistance on it increases. The object reaches terminal velocity. Which quantity decreases until its terminal velocity is reached? acceleration kinetic energy speed weight F4 215 Page 1

2 3 car takes 15 minutes to travel along a road that is 2 km long. What is the average speed of the car?.75 km / h 5. km / h 8 km / h 3 km / h 6 The distance travelled by a car is increasing uniformly as it is driven along a straight road up a hill. distance travelled Which quantity for the car is constant but not zero? time acceleration gravitational potential energy kinetic energy resultant force 8 stone has a mass of 39 g and a density of 2.7 g / cm 3. ooking oil has a density of.9 g / cm 3. Which mass of oil has the same volume as the stone? 13 g 16 g 9 g 12 g 6 In which situation is the resultant force on the body equal to zero? a car turning a corner at constant speed a rock falling freely on the Moon a train going up a straight hill at constant speed in a straight line an aircraft accelerating along a runway in a straight line F4 215 Page 2

3 4 Two blocks of metal X and Y hang from spring balances, as shown in the diagrams. N N X Y What does the diagram show about X and Y? They have the same mass and the same volume but different weights. They have the same mass and the same weight but different volumes. They have the same mass, the same volume and the same weight. They have the same weight and the same volume but different masses. 5 body slides down a frictionless slope as shown. s the body presses on the surface, the surface pushes back on the body. The force of the surface on the body is sometimes called the reaction force. In which direction does the reaction force act? direction of motion F4 215 Page 3

4 2 What is the size of the resultant of the two forces shown in the diagram? 3. N 4. N 1. N 3.5 N 5. N 7. N 1 The diagram shows part of a ruler. The ruler is used to find the length of a nail. What is the length of the nail? 1 2 cm 2.2 cm 2.7 cm 3.2 cm 3.7 cm 2 The diagram shows a stopwatch. s What is the reading on the stopwatch? 3.6 s 33. s 36. s 36.6 s F4 215 Page 4

5 2 Which distance / time graph represents the motion of an object moving at constant speed? distance distance time time distance distance time time 3 The graph shows how the speed of a car changes with time. speed m / s time / s Which calculation gives the distance travelled by the car in 24 seconds? 14 m m m 2 (24 14)m F4 215 Page 5

6 5 liquid has a volume of 1 cm 3 and a mass of 85 g. The density of water is 1. g / cm 3. How does the density of the liquid compare with the density of water? Its density is higher than that of water. Its density is lower than that of water. Its density is the same as that of water. It is impossible to say with only this data. 8 Four objects are situated in places with different gravitational field strengths. Which object has the greatest weight? mass kg gravitational field strength N / kg man pushes a heavy box along the ground. force acts between the man s hands and the box. nother force acts between the man s feet and the floor. In which direction do these forces act on the man? force on man s hands towards the left towards the left towards the right towards the right force on man s feet towards the left towards the right towards the left towards the right F4 215 Page 6

7 1 student wishes to measure accurately the volume of approximately 4 cm 3 of water. She has two measuring cylinders, a larger one that can hold 1 cm 3, and a smaller one that can hold 5 cm 3. The water forms a meniscus where it touches the glass. top of meniscus bottom of meniscus Which cylinder should the student use and which water level should she use to ensure an accurate result? cylinder larger one larger one smaller one smaller one water level bottom of meniscus top of meniscus bottom of meniscus top of meniscus 4 customer goes to a market and buys some rice. The stallholder pours rice into a dish that hangs from a spring balance. He records the reading on the spring balance spring balance rice dish The customer then buys some pasta and the stallholder notices that the reading on the spring balance, with just pasta in the dish, is the same as it was with just rice in the dish. The rice and the pasta must have the same density. temperature. volume. weight. F4 215 Page 7

8 3 student measures, as accurately as possible, the length and internal diameter of a straight glass tube. The length is approximately 25 cm and the internal diameter is approximately 2 cm. What is the best combination of instruments for the student to use? internal diameter ruler ruler vernier calipers vernier calipers length micrometer ruler micrometer ruler 3 The graph shows how the speed of a car travelling in a straight line changes with time. Which section shows the largest acceleration? speed time 4 n object falls from rest through the air. Its velocity increases until it reaches terminal velocity. Which quantity increases until its terminal velocity is reached? acceleration air resistance resultant force weight F4 215 Page 8

9 5 The table gives the volumes and masses of four objects. Which object has the greatest density? mass / g volume / cm Four rocks on different planets have masses and weights as shown. Which planet has the greatest gravitational field strength? mass / kg weight / N force is applied to a body. Which property of the body cannot be changed by the force? its mass its shape its size its velocity 7 satellite is orbiting the Earth. What is the direction of the force on the satellite causing this circular motion? away from the centre of the Earth in the direction of motion of the satellite in the opposite direction to the motion of the satellite towards the centre of the Earth F4 215 Page 9

10 1 micrometer is used to measure the diameter of a uniform wire. screw wire fixed scale rotating scale What is done to obtain an accurate answer? Find the reading and add or subtract the zero error. Make the micrometer horizontal. Subtract the fixed scale reading from the rotating scale reading. Subtract the rotating scale reading from the fixed scale reading. 1 student measures the length of a rod XY by holding it next to a metre rule. X Y cm The student writes down the length as 94.8 cm. Which statement is correct? The value is correct. The value is incorrect because it should be 95.2 cm. The value is incorrect because it should be in millimetres. The value is incorrect because the student should subtract the reading for end Y from the reading for end X. 6 Paper is sold in packets labelled 8 g / m 2. This means that a sheet of paper of area 1 cm 2 has a mass of 8 g. The thickness of each sheet is.11 mm. What is the density of the paper?.73 g / cm 3.88 g / cm 3.73 g / cm 3.88 g / cm 3 F4 215 Page 1

11 1 The diagrams show the readings on a measuring cylinder before and after a small metal cube is added. water cm 3 cm metal cube before after How many more identical cubes can be added to the cylinder, without causing the water to overflow? o not include the cube already in the cylinder cyclist is riding along a road when an animal runs in front of him. The graph shows the cyclist s motion. He sees the animal at P, starts to brake at Q and stops at R. speed P Q R time What is used to find the distance travelled after he applies the brakes? the area under line PQ the area under line QR the gradient of line PQ the gradient of line QR F4 215 Page 11

12 3 car travels at various speeds during a short journey. The table shows the distances travelled and the times taken during each of four stages P, Q, R and S. stage P Q R S distance travelled / km time taken / minutes uring which two stages is the car travelling at the same average speed? P and Q P and S Q and R R and S 3 The diagrams show a parachutist in four positions after she jumps from a high balloon. t which position does she have terminal velocity? not yet moving accelerating not accelerating not moving F4 215 Page 12

13 5 1 kg sample of aluminium is stored in a laboratory. In a different laboratory, in the same town, there is a 1 kg sample of iron. Which quantity must these two samples always have in common? the same density the same temperature the same volume the same weight 2 Which person is experiencing an acceleration? a driver of a car that is braking to stop at traffic lights a passenger in a train that is stationary in a railway station a shopper in a large store ascending an escalator (moving stairs) at a uniform rate a skydiver falling at constant speed towards the Earth 7 child sits on a rubber ball and bounces up and down on the ground. What stays the same when the ball hits the ground? the acceleration of the ball the mass of the ball the shape of the ball the velocity of the ball F4 215 Page 13

14 4 Two forces act on an object. In which situation is it impossible for the object to be in equilibrium? The two forces act in the same direction. The two forces act through the same point. The two forces are of the same type. The two forces are the same size. 7 car moves along a level road. The diagram shows all of the horizontal forces acting on the car. 8 N air resistance 5 N friction 2 N force from engine Which statement is correct? The car is slowing down. The car is speeding up. The car is moving at a constant speed. The car is moving backwards. 5 The diagram shows a block of stone on a rough horizontal surface. Force P acts on the block as shown. P The block is at rest. frictional force F acts on the block. Which row shows the direction and size of F? direction of F size of F to the left more than P to the right more than P to the left same as P to the right same as P F4 215 Page 14

15 11 Structured Questions Worksheet 2 Fig. 1.1 shows a distance-time graph for a moving object. 5 distance / m 3 15 time / s 4 Fig. 1.1 (a) escribe the speed of the object between points (i) and,... (ii) and.... [2] (b) State whether the acceleration of the object is zero, negative or positive, as shown on the graph between points (i) and,... (ii) and.... [2] (c) alculate the average speed of the object during the 4 seconds. speed =... [2] [Total: 6] F4 215 Page 15

16 24 Structured Questions Worksheet 2 Fig. 4.1 shows a heavy ball of weight W suspended from a fixed beam by two ropes P and Q. beam Q P 3 N 3 N W Fig. 4.1 P and Q are both at an angle of 45 to the horizontal. The tensions in P and Q are each 3 N. (a) In the space below, draw a scale diagram to find the resultant of the tensions in P and Q. Use a scale of 1. cm to represent 5. N. Label the forces and show their directions with arrows. resultant =... [4] (b) State the direction of the resultant.... [1] (c) State the magnitude of W. magnitude of W =... [1] [Total: 6] F4 215 Page 16

17 32 Structured Questions Worksheet 2 student has a large number of coins of different diameters, all made of the same metal. She wishes to find the density of the metal by a method involving placing the coins in water. (a) State the formula needed to calculate the density.... [1] (b) escribe how the measurements of the required quantities are carried out.... [5] (c) State one precaution taken when carrying out the measurements in (b) to ensure that the result is as accurate as possible.... [1] [Total: 7] F4 215 Page 17

18 41 Structured Questions Worksheet 2 Parachutes are used to slow down a certain racing car. Fig. 1.1 shows the racing car, of total mass 75 kg, slowing down by using parachutes. Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for 2 s after the car reaches full speed. 8 7 speed m/s time t / s Fig. 1.2 t time t = 6. s, the parachutes open. (a) On Fig. 1.2, (i) mark a point, labelled, where the car is moving at constant speed, (ii) mark a point, labelled, where the car is decelerating at a uniform rate, (iii) mark a point, labelled, where the car is decelerating at non-uniform rate. [3] F4 215 Page 18

19 Structured Questions Worksheet 2 (b) alculate (i) the deceleration of the car at time t = 6.5 s, deceleration =... [2] (ii) the resultant force acting on the car at this time. resultant force =... [2] (c) Explain why there is no resultant force acting on the car at time t = 4. s.... [1] [Total: 8] F4 215 Page 19

20 51 Structured Questions Fig. 1.1 shows a lorry accelerating in a straight line along a horizontal road. Worksheet 2 Fig. 1.1 (a) The driving force on the lorry in the forward direction is and the total backward force on the lorry is. (i) State and explain whether or is the larger force [1] (ii) Suggest one possible cause of the backward force.... [1] (b) The weight of the lorry is 3 N. The gravitational field strength g is 1 N / kg. (i) alculate the mass of the lorry. mass =... [1] (ii) The resultant force on the lorry is 15 N. alculate the acceleration of the lorry. acceleration =... [2] (c) Later, the lorry turns a corner at constant speed. Explain why the lorry accelerates even though the speed is constant.... [1] F4 215 Page 2