CAVITY QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

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1 CAVITY QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS Edited by Paul R. Berman Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace & Company, Publishers Boston San Diego New York London Sydney Tokyo Toronto

2 Contents CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE IX Xi Perturbative Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics E. A. Hinds 1 I. Introduction 1 II. Classical Cavity Electrodynamics 4 III. Perturbative Cavity QED 23 IV. Experiments in Perturbative Cavity QED 37 References 54 The Micromaser: A Proving Ground for Quantum Physics Georg Raithel, Christian Wagner, Herbert Walther, Lorenzo M. Narducci and Marian O. Scully 57 I. Introduction 58 II. Atoms in Confined Space 60 III. Review of the One-Atom-Maser 63 IV. Dynamics of a Single Atom 65 V. A New Source of Nonclassical Light 66 VI. Experimental Results A Non-classical Beam of Atoms 70 VII. Bistable and Multistable Behavior in the Micromaser 78 VIII. Trapping States 79 IX. Measurement of the Trapping Condition 85 X. The Maser Linewidth by Direct Calculation of the Density Matrix 89 XI. Correlation Functions and Onsager Regression 97 XII. Monte Carlo Simulation and Coherent Pumping 99 XIII. Spontaneous Phase Symmetry Breaking in the Micromaser 103 XIV. Squeezing in the Micromaser and its Detection 107 XV. A New Probe of Complementarity in Quantum Mechanics 110 XVI. Summary and Conclusion 114 References 120

3 VI CONTENTS Manipulation of Nonclassical Field States in a Cavity by Atom Interferometry S. Haroche and J. M. Raimond Y13 I. Introduction 124 II. The Atom-Cavity Interaction in the Adiabatic Regime 126 III. Atom-Cavity Force and the Inverse Stern-Gerlach Effect 132 IV. Atom-Cavity Dispersive Phase Shift Effects 136 V. The Young Experiment with a "Quantum Retarding Plate" 140 VI. Quantum Nondemolition Photon Number Measurement by Ramsey Interferometry 149 VII. Practical "Schrodinger Cats" of the Field 162 VIII. Conclusion 168 References 169 Quantum Optics of Driven Atoms in Colored Vacua Thomas W. Mossberg and Maciej Lewenstein 111 I. Introduction 171 II. Environmental Modification of the Electromagnetic Vacuum 173 III. Driven Two-Level Atoms: Photonic Molecules 178 IV. Photonic Molecules in Colored Vacua 181 V. Conclusions 198 References 199 Structure and Dynamics in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics H. J. Kimble 203 I. Introduction 203 II. Strong Versus Weak Coupling for Open Quantum Systems 205 III. Structural Aspects of the Atom-Cavity System 212 IV. Dynamical Processes for the Atom-Cavity System 233 V. Discussion 257 References 263 One Electron in a Cavity G. Gabrielse and J. Tan 267 I. Introduction 267 II. Cylindrical Penning Trap Cavity 273 III. New Generation of Electron Measurements 286

4 CONTENTS vil IV. Electron-Cavity Interactions 292 V. Summary and future 297 Acknowledgements 298 References and Notes 298 Spontaneous Emission by Moving Atoms Pierre Meystre and Martin Wilkens 301 I. Introduction 301 II. Free Space Spontaneous Emission and Atomic Motion 302 III. Atom-Cavity Interaction 305 IV. Spontaneous Emission by Moving Atoms 308 V. Conclusion 319 Appendix 320 Acknowledgments 324 References 324 Single Atom Emission in an Optical Resonator James J. Childs, Kyungwon An, Ramanchandra R. Dasari, and Michael S. Feld 325 I. Introduction 325 II. Semiclassical Model 333 III. Results and Discussion 347 IV. Conclusion 371 Appendix A 373 Appendix В 374 Appendix С 375 References 378 Nonperturbative Atom-Photon Interactions in an Optical Cavity H. J. Carmichael, L. Tian, W. Ren, and P. Aising 381 I. Introduction 381 II. Spontaneous Emission and Spatial Effects 383 III. Spectroscopy of the Driven Jaynes-Cummings System 393 IV. Photon Statistics 407 V. Summary and Conclusions 420 References 422

5 Vlll CONTENTS New Aspects of the Casimir Effect: Fluctuations and Radiative Reaction G. Barton 425 I. Introduction 425 II. Stress Tensor, Quantization, and the Role of Cutoffs 431 III. Fluctuations of a Single Mirror: Elementary Approach 433 IV. Casimir Compared to Heinsenberg Fluctuations 436 V. Fluctuations of a Single Mirror: The Stress Correlation-Function 437 VI. Parallel Mirrors 442 VII. Spheres, Hemispheres, and Spheroids 444 VIII. A Semirealistic Scenario 446 IX. Radiative Reaction 447 X. Addendum 453 Appendix: The Force Between Condenser Plates in a Resonant Circuit 454 References 455 INDEX 459

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