Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles
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1 Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles Vladimir G. Baryshevsky Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University 1> World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI
2 Contents Preface Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Nuclear Optics of Polarized Matter. Nuclear Pseudomagnetism 3 1. Refraction and mirror reflection from a matter vacuum plane boundary Radiation and Scattering of Waves and Particles Refraction and Mirror Reflection The Optical Theorem Scattering of Waves by a Set of Scatterers Neutron spin "optical" rotation in matter with polarized nuclei. Nuclear pseudomagnetism Polarized Beams and Polarized Targets Phenomenon of Neutron Spin Precession in a Pseudomagnetic Field of Matter with Polarized Nuclei Refraction of Neutrons in a Magnetized Medium The Schrödinger Equation for a Coherent Neutron Wave Moving in a Polarized Nuclear Target Paramagnetic resonance in a nuclear pseudomagnetic field 56 xi
3 xii High-Energy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles Spontaneous radiation of photons accompanying the passage of light through anisotropic matter Neutron and Atomic Spin Interferometry. Atom (Molecule) Spin Rotation and Oscillation under Refraction in a Constant Electric Field Nonorthogonal Quasistationary States Gamma optics of polarized matter The Phenomenon of Rotation of the Polarization Plane of 'y-quanta in Matter with Polarized Electrons. Magnetic X-ray Scattering Birefringence of -y-quanta in a Target with Polarized Nuclei Diffraction of particles in polarized crystals Refraction of a Coherent Wave in Polarized Crystals Multifrequency Nuclear Precession of Neutrons in Polarized Crystals with Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Ordering Magnetic Diffraction of Neutrons Multifrequency Precession of the Neutron Spin in a Uniform Magnetic Field The Bragg Case of Neutron Diffraction in Nonmagnetic Crystals in a Magnetic Field Neutron Spin Precession and Spin Dichroism in Nonmagnetic Nonpolarized Crystals Mirror Reflection Under Diffraction Conditions (Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction) Diffraction of neutrons and -y-quanta in crystals exposed to variable external fields Maxwell Equations and Dielectric Permittivity of Crystals Exposed to a Variable External Field Diffraction of ry-quanta in Crystals in a Variable External Field under Resonance Scattering by Nuclei On Refraction in Crystals at a» go Scattering of a Monochromatic Plane Wave by a Plate of Matter Exposed to an Ultrasonic Wave 142
4 Contents 5.5 Coherent Acceleration and Polarization of Neutron in Magnetically-Ordered Crystals Illuminated by a Light Wave Nuclear Reactions in a Light Wave Optical Anisotropy of Matter in the Rotating Coordinate System On Emission of Neutrons (7-Quanta) by Nuclei from Crystals Positronium and muonium spin rotation and oscillations Spin Rotation of an Electron (Atomic) Beam in Magnetized Matter Exchange-Induced Shifts of Atomic Optical Lines in Polarized Gases Positronium (Muonium) in Matter with Polarized Electrons Phenomenon of Quantum Oscillations of the Positronium Decay 7-Quantum Angular Distribution in a Magnetic Field Positronium spin rotation Positronium three quantum annihilation in a magnetic field The spin matrix of positronium in a magnetic field Time oscillation of the positronium decay 7-quantum angular distribution in a magnetic field Oscillation cross section in the case of 7-quanta recording with three (one) detectors Observation of time quantum oscillation in 3'y-annihilation of positronium in a magnetic field The Quadrupole Moment in the Ground State of Hydrogen, Muonium, Mesoatoms and Other Hydrogen like Atoms The quadrupole moment of the ground state of muonium (hydrogen, Ps) Quadrupole interaction of mesoatoms in matter 198
5 xiv High Energy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles 7. Particle "optical" spin rotation at violation of space-reflection symmetry (P) and time reversal invariance (T) P- and T-Noninvariant Phenomena in Neutrons Transmission Through Matter with Polarized Nuclei T-Violating Neutron Spin Rotation and Spin Dichroism in Crystals P- and T-Noninvariant Phenomena in Atoms (Particles, Nuclei) Passing Through a Photon Target Refraction of light in a medium with polarized atoms (molecules) under P- and T-noninvariance Spin rotation and spin dichroism under P- and T-noninvariance Time-reversal violating optical gyrotropy and birefringence of matter Tensor of Dielectric Permittivity of a Medium in the Presence of T-, P-Odd Weak Interactions T-, P-Odd Polarizabilities of Atoms and Molecules The Possibility to Experimentally Observe the Time-Reversal Violating Optical Phenomena The P-, T-Violating Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by a Diffraction Grating Phenomenon of time-reversal violating magnetic field generation by a static electric field and electric field generation by a static magnetic field Time-Reversal Violating Generation of Electric and Magnetic Fields About a Possibility to Search for the Electron EDM at the Level ± 10-3 e cm and the Constant of T-odd, P-odd Scalar Weak Interaction of an Electron with a Nucleus at the Level : in Heavy Atoms and Ferroelectrics Possible limit for de and krc that could be obtained in the ferroelectric PbTiO 3 286
6 Contents xv 9.3 About the Possibility to Measure an Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of Nuclei in the Range e cm in Experiments for Search of Time reversal Violating Generation of Magnetic and Electric Fields Nuclei in an electric field at low temperatures Nuclei in a magnetic field at low temperatures About the contribution of the electromagnetic interaction to the electric dipole moment of nuclei 293 "Optical" Spin Rotation and Birefringence Effect of High Energy Particles "Optical" spin rotation of high-energy particles in a nuclear pseudomagnetic field Spin Precession of Relativistic Particles in Polarized Matter Spin Rotation and Spin Dichroism Proton (Antiproton) Spin Rotation in a Thick Polarized Target and Spin Filtering of Particle Beams in a Nuclear Pseudomagnetic Field Influence of Multiple Coulomb Scattering and Energy Losses an "Optical" Spin Precession and Dichroism of Charged Particles in Pseudomagnetic Fields of a Polarized Target The phenomenon of birefringence (spin oscillation and spin dichroism) of particles with spin S > Rotation and Oscillation of Deuteron Spin in Nonpolarized Matter and Spin Dichroism (Birefringence Phenomenon) The Effect of Tensor Polarization Emerging in Nonpolarized Beams Moving in Nonpolarized Matter The Amplitude of Zero Angle Elastic Scattering of a Deuteron by a Nucleus First Observation of Spin Dichroism with Deuterons in a Carbon Target 337
7 xvi High Energy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles 11.5 About Possible Influence of Birefringence Effect on the Processes of Production (Photoproduction, Electroproduction) of Vector Mesons in Nuclei hyperon spin birefringence and quark rescattering "Optical" spin rotation and birefringence of particles in a storage ring and measurement of the particle EDM, tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities Particle Spin Rotation in an Electromagnetic Field in a Storage Ring Deuteron Spin Rotation in Electromagnetic Fields of a Storage Ring Deuteron Spin Oscillation in a Storage Ring and Measurement of the Deuteron Tensor Magnetic Polarizability Deuteron Spin Oscillation in a Storage Ring and Measurement of the Deuteron Tensor Electric Polarizability The Index of Refraction and Effective Potential Energy of Particles in a Moving Relativistic Beam Spin Rotation of the Proton (Antiproton, Deuteron) in a Storage Ring with a Polarized Target Equations Describing Spin Motion for a Particle in a Storage Ring Phenomena of Spin Rotation and Oscillation of Particles (Atoms, Molecules) Captured to a Trap Blown by a Flow of High Energy Particles in a Storage Ring On the influence of a weak pseudomagnetic field on neutrino oscillations and collective processes in the matter of a supernova (neutron stars) and neutrino gas 381 Channeling and High Energy Nuclear Optics in Crystals Channeling of high energy particles in crystals Channeling of High Energy Particles in Crystals 389
8 Contents xvii Channeling and diffraction of particles Principles of the quantum theory of channeling The energy band spectrum of electrons and positrons channeled in a single crystal Quantum Theory of Reactions Induced by Channeled Particles Channeling (Diffraction) in Crystals in the Presence of Variable Fields The phenomenon of spin rotation of particles moving in bent crystals and measurement of the magnetic moment of short lived particles and nuclei Spin Rotation of Relativistic Particles Passing Through a Bent Crystal and Measurement of the Magnitude of (g 2) Spin Rotation and Depolarization of Relativistic Particles Traveling Through a Crystal Oscillations in the Polarization of a Fast Channeled Particle Caused by its Quadrupole Moment Spin Oscillation and the Possibility of Quadrupole Moment Measurement for 9 - -hyperons Moving in a Crystal ,5 Spin Rotation and Oscillations of High Energy Channeled Particles in the Effective Nuclear Potential of a Crystal as one of the Possibilities to Obtain and Analyze the Polarization of High Energy Particles A channeled fast particle as a two dimensional (one dimensional) relativistic atom Spontaneous Photon Radiation in Radiation Transitions Between the Bands of Transverse Energy of Channeled Particles Diffracted X-ray Radiation from a Relativistic Oscillator in a Crystal (DRO) (Diffracted Channeling Radiation (DCR)) General expression for spectral angular distribution of radiation generated by a particle 453 in a crystal
9 xviii High Energy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles 17.3 Parametric X-ray Radiation (PXR) Diffracted X-ray Radiation from a Channeled Particle (DCR) Surface Parametric X-ray (Quasi-Cherenkov) Radiation (SPXR) and DRO Generation of -y-quanta by Channeled Particles in a Crystal Undulator Spectral Angular Characteristics of Parametric X-ray Radiation (PXR) and Diffracted Radiation of Oscillator (DRO) X-ray Radiation from a Spatially Modulated Relativistic Beam in a Crystal Time Dependence of the Intensity of Radiation Produced by a Particle Transmitted Through a Crystal Interference of independently generated beams of -y-quanta Influence of multiple scattering and energy losses on emission of y-quanta by high energy particles in a medium Spectral Angular Distribution of Radiation Under the Conditions of Multiple Scattering and Energy Losses Bremsstrahlung, Transition and Cherenkov Radiation of High Energy -y-quanta in the Absence of Energy Losses Principles of the quantum theory of emission of y-quanta in crystals The Cross Section of Photon Generation by Particles in an External Field Photon Generation in Crystals under Channeling Conditions Spectral and Angular Distributions of Photons in the Dipole Approximation The Influence of Refraction and Diffraction of y-quanta on Angular and Spectral Characteristics of Radiation Produced by Particles in Crystals Optical Radiation Produced by Channeled Particles Angular Distribution of Radiation Produced by Particles in a Crystal Under Refraction 539
10 Contents xix 20.7 Radiation Spectrum in the Quasiclassical Approximation The Relation Between the Theory of Pair Formation in Crystals and the Quantum Electrodynamics of a Homogeneous Intense Field Synchrotron type radiation processes in crystals and polarization phenomena accompanying them Synchrotron type Dichroism of Crystals Synchrotron type Birefringence of 7-quanta in Crystals Absorption Anisotropy of High Energy Photons in a Crystal Effects with Participation of Polarized e± Radiative Self-Polarization of e ± in the Intense Fields of Crystals Effect of Variation of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of e± 577 Bibliography 581 Index 619
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