DC machines. Transforms mechanical energy into electric energy with DC voltage and current (DC generator or dynamo), or conversely (DC motor)
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1 DC mchi Trform mchicl rgy ito lctric rgy with DC oltg currt (DC grtor or ymo, or corly (DC motor bruh bll brig bll brig rotor (rmtur collctor bruh holr ttor (iuctor 20/04/2018 DC mchi 1
2 DC mchi uctor or ttor: 2p pol with xcittio wiig crryig DC currt 2 pol Mgtic circuit: ttor + rotor + irgp Armtur or rotor : tck of thi mgtic ht (om tth of mm (prpiculr to th mchi xi to ruc y currt upportig couctor i which lctromoti forc (.m.f. ppr wh th rmtur rott ( b th.m.f. r tim-ryig chg ig ch tim th collctor cro utrl li (bictor btw 2 ucci pol 4 pol DC mchi Collctor: coppr trip iolt from ch othr, coct to quiitt poit of th rmtur wiig. Fix bruh li o th collctor rctify (mchiclly th.m.f. 2
3 No-lo chrctritic No-lo chrctritic Vritio of th oltg fuctio of th xcittio currt, t cott p with o lir currt f ( with c it p θ! cott 0 k θ! Φ ( (1 Firt mgtiztio (2 Dcrig (3 crig Mgtic flux prouc by th iuctor by th rmtur wiig Nolir with hytri DC mchi 3
4 Armtur rctio Armtur rctio (mgtic Mgtic phom u to th currt i th rmtur 1. Nutrl li hift (rott i th rottio irctio cr of th.m.f Locl mgtic fil ructio (try prt icr (xit prt ot compt u to olirity flux.m.f. ructio (+ ugm. p mg DC mchi ψ(.m.f. with lo rmtur rctio ψ ( k θ! ΔΦ( 4
5 Armtur rctio Totl rmtur rctio Ψ( ψ( + Comptig wiig uctio of th rmtur rctio Shift of th bruh w.r.t. pol xi itg: for igl lu of hift irctio p o rottio irctio hift irctio p o fuctioig mo (grtor or motor DC mchi 5
6 xtrior chrctritic xtrior chrctritic of grtor Vritio of lir oltg U i trm of th lir currt, t cott p xcittio circuit xcittio typ... U f ( with c it p θ! cott circuit fix 'xcittio circuit iribl ipt ri hut compou iuctur iuit DC mchi 6
7 pt xcittio grtor U ( ψ( 0.1 Ω (110V/50A mchi Compt rmtur rctio Dlir oltg qui ipt of lir currt Voltg ourc Ψ( ψ( + xcittio currt moifictio + Ψ(... mx. i th mgtiztio cur corr Sp moifictio DC mchi 7
8 Sri xcittio grtor U ( ψ( ( + Qui-lir << ic i high cohrt: ctio >, < Ψ ψ ( + ( ( + U lmot fix Sp moifictio uctor hutig lmot cott uful zo Currt ourc DC mchi 8
9 Shut xcittio grtor U U ( ψ( Ψ( ψ( + >> to ruc Joul lo < > Picou cotructio o-lo ( Pour For Ψ( t Ψ( U( 1 t 1 & 2 (procéur (poit by poit procur pr poit Ψ( cou kow U + t U 1 & 2 1 & t 2 U hort-circuit DC mchi 9
10 Shut xcittio grtor xtrior chrctritic Fuctioig poit of th grtor riig ritc Dlir oltg lmot ipt of th lir currt Voltg ourc... th oltg ri howr mor th for th grtor with ipt xcittio DC mchi 10
11 Shut xcittio grtor Sp moifictio xcittio circuit moifictio f th p i too low of if i too lrg o fuctioig poit ffct of hytri 2 brch : icrig crig DC mchi Short-circuit currt 11
12 12 Compou xcittio grtor Mix xcittio: hut iuctor ri iuctor wou o th m pol (1 tgoit compou (oppoit m.m.f. (2 hut ymo (3 cocort compou (m irctio m.m.f. (4 hyprcompou ( >> f.m.m. f ± ± Ψ f f U ( ( U! + Ψ f f ( (! DC mchi m.m.f.
13 Slf-trtig grtor Slf-trtig i poibl thk to th rmt mgtiztio of th iuctor xmpl: hut grtor Fuctioig poit o y y Coitio: + ot too lrg! DC mchi 13
14 DC twork coctio Coitio : U t U i oppoitio Aftr coctio (1 : (, U f <<, >>! Th, icr (2 th grtor prouc rgy foctioig poit Slop houl b lrg (to ruc th currt ritio u to oltg prturbtio compou tgoit grtor OK f cr th grtor rci rgy (motor for hut compou mchi! DC mchi 14
15 DC motor Mi pricipl xcittio currt rmtur currt Th rmtur couctor r ubjct to th mgtic flux ity crt by th iuctor... hc to th Lplc forc f j b... hc to torqu tht t to mk th rmtur rott lctromti forc (.m.f.... i th rmtur couctor oo thy rott, oppo to th currt Totl.m.f. ( o bruh i qul to th itgrl of th lctromoti fil log th rmtur couctor U + DC mchi 15
16 Armtur rctio ψ(.m.f. with lo rmtur rctio ψ ( k θ! ΔΦ( U + U DC motor DC grtor Ψ( ψ( Ψ( ψ( + Totl rmtur rctio DC mchi 16
17 Motor torqu U + ψ( ( ψ( U + + lctric powr proi to th rmtur lctromgtic powr Joul lo i th rmtur lctromgtic torqu C P θ! θ! lm C k Φ(, k [ Φ ( ΔΦ( ] DC mchi 17
18 Mchicl chrctritic Mchicl chrctritic of motor Motor p i trm of th lctromgtic torqu, with fix oltg xcittio circuit xcittio typ...! θ! f (C with c U cott circuit fix 'xcittio circuit iribl ipt or hut ri compou iuctur iuit DC mchi 18
19 Shut xcittio motor C 0 k Φ( C k C with f ( 0, [ Φ ( ΔΦ( ] f (, Φ ( cott ( ΔΦ( Φ ( 1 C 0 torqu prouc by th motor if thr w o rmtur rctio θ! 0 U k Φ ( [ Φ( ΔΦ( ] U + k θ! + U θ! θ! k 0 [ Φ ( ΔΦ( ] f (, Sp lmot ipt of torqu 1 DC mchi 19
20 Stbl utbl zo Shut xcittio motor fluc of Smll prturbtio:.g. p icr From P: motor torqu P'' < ritig torqu P' p cr, bcl to P tbl From Q: motor torqu Q'' > ritig torqu Q' p icr! utbl DC mchi Limit p rg (turtio 20
21 Shut xcittio motur fluc of th oltg U θ! k U ( Φ Poor fficicy! + powr lctroic... High ymic torqu cotrol (ic λ << DC mchi 21
22 22 Sri xcittio motor ( ( k U ( k C + + θ Φ Φ! ( M 2 M k U k C + + θ λ λ! No turt mchi Sturt mchi ( S S k U k C + θ + Φ Φ! S S k U k C + θ Φ Φ! No lo ruwy! Mximum currt! ( 2 2 M 2 M 2 M U k 1 k U k C θ λ + θ + λ λ!! DC mchi
23 23 Sri xcittio motor fluc of th oltg ourc U Shutig th iuctor + powr lctroic... ' ' + ( ' ( M M M Φ λ λ λ Φ M M ' ' M ' λ λ + λ Typicl u lctric trctio lift (lrg trtup torqu DC mchi
24 Sri xcittio motor Brkig C k Φ( Chg th ig of th torqu to work brk lctric powr chg ig (rcor rgy Diffrt mo DC mchi 24
25 25 Compou xcittio motor Mix xcittio: hut ri iuctor wou o th m pol f f.m.m. ± ± DC mchi m.m.f.
26 DC motor trtup Zro p t trtup zro.m.f. uc currt limit oly by th rmtur ritc Strtup rhott i ri with th rmtur (to limit U U k U >> θ! Φ (O llow 1.5 Motur hut Motur éri Strtup rhott (lu progrily ruc ow to hort-circuit DC mchi 26
27 rtig th rottio irctio Shut motor Sri motor Sm irctio C k Φ( Moify th irctio of th currt i th xcittio circuit w.r.t. th rotor Torqu chg ig Oppoit irctio DC mchi 27
28 Lo i DC mchi Mchicl lo frictio lo i brig ( ( p wig lo ( 2 frictio lo from bruh o th collctor ( Mgtic lo y currt lo i rmtur( 2, b mx 2 hytri lo i rmtur(, b mx lctric lo Joul lo i rmtur, iuctor bruh ( 2, fuctio of tmprtur Supplmtry lo u to ki ffct i th rotor prk t bruh/collctor cotct icr mgtic lo u to th mgtic rctio DC mchi 28
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