CS335 Fall D Drawings: Circles and Curves
|
|
- Horatio Reynard Barnett
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CS5 Fll 7 D Drwings: Circles nd Curves
2 Reresening A Circle Elici reresenion: r ± Imlici reresenion:, r F, r F c c rmeric reresenion: θ θ sin cos r r
3 Drwing Circles Equion for circle: Given: cener c, c nd rdius r c c r c r c ± r c c No n idel roch: Non-uniform scing during evluion cuses noicele rifcs Figure - Also, we hve o evlue ^, nd sqr
4 Drwing Circles rmeric olr Reresenion for circle: c r cosθ c r sinθ θ se c Allows uniform scing vi he θ vrile θse size is ofen se o e /r. c We cn render djcen oins vi lines o void gs θ se
5 Drwing Circles Onl need o comue ocn We cn reduce he numer of clculion: Eloi Smmer of Circle Need onl o comue θ,45 or 9,45
6 The Circle Midoin Algorihm, M E SE Gols: Imlici formulion Finie differences incremenl Ineger rihmeic Ke ide: ech se, decide which iel E or SE is closes o he circle. Choose h iel nd drw i.
7 The Imlici Circle Equion If M lies inside he circle, drw iel E If M lies ouside he circle, drw iel SE, M E SE
8 Imlici Formulion, r F r > Noice h r r r > > >, r F > mens, > F, < F oins ouside circle oins inside circle
9 The Midoin Tes, M, M E SE The sign of FM gives he nswer s o which iel, E or SE, o drw
10 Formuling n Algorihm Le d e decision vrile which mkes he midoin es. Then he es o decide which iel o drw is jus if d < hen // he midoin is inside he circle // he circle sses closer o he uer iel drw he E iel else // he midoin is ouside he circle // he circle sses closer o he lower iel drw he SE iel
11 Formuling n Algorihm MidoinCircle rdius, _cener, _cener ; rdius; Circleoins _cener, _cener,, ; while > { if d < // he midoin is inside he circle // he circle is closer o E iel ; Circleoins _cener, _cener,, ; else // he midoin is ouside he circle // he circle is closer o SE iel ; - ; Circleoins _cener, _cener,, ; end
12 Formuling n Algorihm Circleoins,,, end Drwoin, ; Drwoin, - ; Drwoin -, ; Drwoin -, - ; Drwoin, ; Drwoin, - ; Drwoin -, ; Drwoin -, - ;
13 Mking he Algorihm Incremenl,,, E SE M M M M, M M,,
14 Incremenl Formulion d firs F M F, r If we choose E fer his comuion, we mus comue F M ne. Wh is he relionshi eween d firs F M nd F M
15 Incremenl Formulion Noice h if we consider moving Es: d d firs ne r r since d ne F M so h we cn comue Or jus d d ne ne d firs d firs
16 Incremenl Formulion Noice h if we consider moving Souhes: d d firs ne r r since d ne F M so h we cn comue Or jus d d ne ne d firs d firs 5 5
17 Iniil Condiion The firs oin lies on he circle oin, r. The firs midoin is hus F, r, r M E The sring vlue for he es vrile is SE d sr 5 r r 4 r
18 The Algorihm MidoinCircle r, c, c ; ; r; r; d 5/4 - r; r; Circleoins c, c,,, ; while > do do if if d d < d d * ; ; ; else d d * - 5; 5; ; --; Circleoins c, c,,, ; end end Hern/Bker err: Algorihm on ge should e: * else *-5 see eq ove
19 Second Order Differences Noice h he incremens re funcions of he oin of evluion, rher hn simle consns: Es: Souhes: d d ne ne d firs d firs 5 Ke ide: incremenl roch cn e lied gin, o he incremens hemselves
20 Second Order Differences Four cses Es curren ierion/oin of evluion: Es incremen Δ Souhes incremen: Δ E firs, Δ E ne, E ne Δ E firs Δ, 5 SE firs Δ SE ne, 5 Δ SE ne Δ SE firs
21 Second Order Differences Souhes curren ierion/oin of evluion: Es incremen Δ Souhes incremen: SE firs Δ SE ne Δ E firs, Δ, E ne E ne Δ E firs Δ, 5 Δ, SE ne Δ SE firs 4 5
22 An Ineger Algorihm h d 4 h Le so h 4 Since nd we ge d 5 5 d sr 4 r susiuion r h sr r h sr Now, if he originl midoin es is d < The new midoin es ecomes h < Bu since h srs s n ineger nd is onl incremened inegers, he sme es for h will hold: h <
23 The Finl Algorihm MidoinCircle r, c, c ; r; h - r; dele ; delse *r 5; Circleoins c, c,, ; while > do if h < h h dele; dele dele ; delse delse ; ;
24 The Finl Algorihm else h h delse; dele dele ; delse delse 4; ; ; Circleoins c, c,, ; end end
25 Drwing Ellises r r Using olr Coordines c c r cosθ c r sinθ Imlici c f, ellise r c r - c -r r -,, Midoin Ellise Algorihm Hern ge 9 Eloi Smmer -,-,-
26 Oher Algeric Surfces Bresenhm roch is icll used for low-level scn conversion of Lines, Circles & Ellises. In rincile, n lgeric curve cn e eressed in he Bresenhm sle.. Mesure error o cul curve mke decision. Find ineger form of error. Find incremenl ude of error crieri In rcice, curve eond conics re drwn s series of shor Bresenhm srigh lines.
27 CS5 Grhics nd Mulimedi D Drwings: Slines
28 D Freeform Curves or Slines
29 Slines A icl free form curve designed o ss hrough or ner sequence of oins. Slines re rmeerized curves h generlize liner inerolion of srigh lines o higher owers of inerolion rmeer.
30 Liner inerolion s order Sline sr : end : r,, z, K r,, z, K where : nd Jgged Lines : G : geomeric coninui: he endoins coincide
31 Qudric inerolion c A B C mches derivives u nd derivive is cho G : ngens hve he sme sloe
32 Cuic Sline & Inerolion r r A r B r C r D α β γ δ C : firs derivive on oh curves mch join oin Emles: Nurl Cuic Sline Hermie Bezier B-sline The "seed" is he sme efore nd fer
33 Reresening Curves Cuic curve o minin C coninui Mri Reresenion d c d c ] [ ] [ d c d c
34 Solving for Coefficiens Coninui C, C, ec.
35 The Grdien of Cuic Curve d d d d d c d c ] [ ] [ d c d c d d d d c c Mri noion:
36 The Hermie Secificion s Mri Equion d d d d d d d d d c d c
37 Solving he Hermie Coefficiens d d d d d d d d d c d c M Hermie G Hermie Cuic Hermie Sline Equion: Hermie Hermie ] [ ] [ G M
38 Anoher W o Think Aou Slines Cuic Hermie Sline Equion Afer reordering mulilicions Hermie Hermie ] [ ] [ G M 4 ] [ f f f f T
39 Hermie Blending Funcions
40 Bezier Sline Conrol oin Conrol oin Anchor oin 4 Anchor oin 4
41 Convering from Bezier o Hermie Since Susiuing gives: 4 4 d d d d d d d d 4 4 Hermie T M d c d c T 6 M Bezier
42 Blending Funcions for Bezier Slines B B4 B B 4 B B B B
43 Bezier Curve roeries Blending funcions lws Curve lws Sum o riion of uni Are non-negive Sisf B B B4 B sses inside he conve hull of he conrol oins Goes hrough he wo endoins Is ngen o he conrol olgon he endoins
44 Conve Hull roer
45 Drwing Sline Curves for eween nd gives ll he oins on he curve: /6 / / / 5/ ], [
46 Disling Cuic Curves Divide inervl [, ] ino n even ieces Evlue he curve ech vlue of wihin he inervl Drw line segmens connecing he oins Wh is he cos of disling curves his w? 4 An incremenl roch is ossile
47 Forwrd Differencing The incremenl roch used he Midoin lgorihm for lines is form of forwrd differencing Consider he following liner equion: Δ Δ
48 Forwrd Differencing Δ Δ In his liner cse olnomil of degree, he forwrd difference lied once gives consn erm which cn e used o comue successive vlues of For cuic curve, we hve generl form which is cuic equion, nd clculing single difference will no reduce he equion immediel o consn
49 Forwrd Differencing d c d c Δ B ending he difference equion nd simlifing we ge c Δ
50 Cuic Slines: Forwrd Differencing c Δ This difference is he firs order difference, which reduces he degree of he cuic equion, i.e., i is now qudric The second order difference cn e comued ling he sme differencing echnique o he equion for Δ c Δ c Δ
51 Second-Order Differencing Δ Δ 6 Δ 6 Δ c We wish o evlue oins on he curve for hese vlues of : {,,,,...,} Using he curren differencing scheme firs nd second-order differencing, we ge he following lgorihm for comuing oins on he curve:
52 Comuing Curve oins ; n d d c Δ c c Δ
53 Comuing Curve oins Drwoinin,in; // lso mus comue // he -coordine for i; i < n; i Δ Δ Δ Δ 6 Δ 6 Drwoinin,in;
54 Third-Order Differencing 6 6 Δ 6 6 Δ 6 Δ Δ Δ Now we hve n incremenl formulion h uses onl simle ddiions in he loo where curve oins re comued:
55 Algorihm: rd Order Differencing ; ; n d ; Δ c Δ c Δ 6 Δ 6 Δ 6 Δ 6 Drwoinin,in; for i; i < n; i Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Drwoinin,in; d Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ
56 A Few Things o Consider We hve n incremenl, fs lgorihm for evluing he oins on cuic sline, where he curve equion is of he form d c α Bu he Bezier curve s we hve develoed i is of he form How cn we formule he incremenl lgorihm for Bezier curves? B α
57 We cn ke he originl form of he Bezier curve And regrou erms so h i is rewrien s groued cuic: In his form, Regrouing 4 B α 4 6 B α 4 6 d c
58 Incremenl Bezier c Δ Using he ming of he conrol oins of he Bezier o he coefficiens of he incremenl cuic, we oin he following equions: The oher equions cn e similrl convered 4 6 d c 6 4 Δ
59 Jv Code for Drwing Bezier Curve imor jv.w.*; imor jv.le.ale; ulic clss Bezier { rive in oins[], oins[]; rive in limi4; rive in coun; rive in widh; rive in heigh; rive in inervls5; ulic Bezier { oins new in[limi]; oins new in[limi]; coun ; }
60 Drwing he Curve ulic void incurve Grhics g { doule,, old, old, A, B, C; doule,, ; doule del, del, del; doule del, del, del; if coun! limi reurn; // Iniilize vlues for fs Bezier./inervls; *; *; oins[]; oins[]; old ; old ;
61 Drwing he Curve: Iniilizions // se u dels for he -coords A -oins[] *oins[] - *oins[] oins[]; B *oins[] - 6*oins[] *oins[]; C -*oins[] *oins[]; del A* B* C*; del 6*A* *B*; del 6*A*;
62 Drwing he Curve: Iniilizions // se u dels for he -coords A -oins[] *oins[] - *oins[] oins[]; B *oins[] - 6*oins[] *oins[]; C -*oins[] *oins[]; del A* B* C*; del 6*A* *B*; del 6*A*;
63 Drwing he Curve: Forwrd Differencing for in i ; i < inervls; i { del; del del; del del; del; del del; del del; g.drwline inold, inold, in, in; old ; old ; } // end of for loo } // end of incurve
64 Mnging he Conrol oins ulic void drwolline Grhics g { for in i ; i < coun-; i { g.fillovl oins[i]-widh/, oins[i]-heigh/, widh, heigh; g.drwline oins[i], oins[i], oins[i], oins[i]; } } g.fillovl oins[coun-]-widh/, oins[coun-]-heigh/, widh, heigh;
65 Mnging he Conrol oins ulic void ddoin in, in { if coun > limi reurn; oins[coun] ; oins[coun] ; coun; } ulic void resecurve { coun ;} } ulic void seinervl in i { inervls i;}
66 Mulile Conneced Curve Segmens One long curve cn e formed from mulile conneced curve segmens rincil of locli: chnge in he osiion of single conrol oin will ffec mos curve segmens. This is imorn for efficien inercive mniulion of he curves
67 Smoohness Join oins G G C C n geomeric coninui: he endoins coincide ngens hve he sme sloe firs derivive on oh curves mch join oin nh derivive on oh curves mch join oin
68 Smooher Joins Bezier slines cn e joined o form chins, u he join oins gurnee onl geomeric G coninui, no derivive C coninui. Thus he re no s smooh in he derivive sense s we migh like. Oher Choices for Curves: Nurl cuic slines Hermie curves Non-rionl rmeric cuic B-slines B-Slines B-sline: Bsis-sline - curve is reresened wih sis funcions Uniform: curve joins re equll sced in rmeer sce Non-rionl: sis funcions re no consrined o e rionl rmeric cuic: sis funcions re cuic funcions of rmeer
69 B-Slines Curve segmens overl shring conrol oins ou of he four h re required o define curve segmen. This gurnees ver smooh join oins, u comlices he disl rocess slighl rincile of Locli: how mn curve segmens re ffeced mos when conrol oin is moved?
70 B-Slines: Single Curve Segmen TM sline G B sline B α [ ] sline B α
71 Bezier vs. B-sline Curve Definiions [ ] sline B α [ ] Bezier α
72 Blending Funcions B B4 B B 4 B B B B B B4 B B B B B B Bezier Blending Funcions B-sline Blending Funcions
73 Conrol oins nd he rmeer 5 4 4,,,,,,,,, Q Q Q
74 Gins nd Losses wih B-Slines Gins: Locli Comc form for mulile segmens C coninui Blending funcion/conve hull roeries Losses: Conrol over ec osiion of curve inerolion vs. roimion
75 Addiionl Toics o Sud Kno osiion nd conrol Aroimion vs. Inerolion Insering/deleing conrol oins Oher lending funcions
76 Summr Coninui of free-form curves G, G, C, C, C Cuic Curves Slines Hermie Mri reresenion Blending Bezier B-Sline
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( y )
8. Lengh of Plne Curve The mos fmous heorem in ll of mhemics is he Pyhgoren Theorem. I s formulion s he disnce formul is used o find he lenghs of line segmens in he coordine plne. In his secion you ll
More informationENGR 1990 Engineering Mathematics The Integral of a Function as a Function
ENGR 1990 Engineering Mhemics The Inegrl of Funcion s Funcion Previously, we lerned how o esime he inegrl of funcion f( ) over some inervl y dding he res of finie se of rpezoids h represen he re under
More informationMTH 146 Class 11 Notes
8.- Are of Surfce of Revoluion MTH 6 Clss Noes Suppose we wish o revolve curve C round n is nd find he surfce re of he resuling solid. Suppose f( ) is nonnegive funcion wih coninuous firs derivive on he
More informationProperties of Logarithms. Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations. Properties of Logarithms. Properties of Logarithms. ( x)
Properies of Logrihms Solving Eponenil nd Logrihmic Equions Properies of Logrihms Produc Rule ( ) log mn = log m + log n ( ) log = log + log Properies of Logrihms Quoien Rule log m = logm logn n log7 =
More information1.0 Electrical Systems
. Elecricl Sysems The ypes of dynmicl sysems we will e sudying cn e modeled in erms of lgeric equions, differenil equions, or inegrl equions. We will egin y looking fmilir mhemicl models of idel resisors,
More information4.8 Improper Integrals
4.8 Improper Inegrls Well you ve mde i hrough ll he inegrion echniques. Congrs! Unforunely for us, we sill need o cover one more inegrl. They re clled Improper Inegrls. A his poin, we ve only del wih inegrls
More informationMotion. Part 2: Constant Acceleration. Acceleration. October Lab Physics. Ms. Levine 1. Acceleration. Acceleration. Units for Acceleration.
Moion Accelerion Pr : Consn Accelerion Accelerion Accelerion Accelerion is he re of chnge of velociy. = v - vo = Δv Δ ccelerion = = v - vo chnge of velociy elpsed ime Accelerion is vecor, lhough in one-dimensionl
More informatione t dt e t dt = lim e t dt T (1 e T ) = 1
Improper Inegrls There re wo ypes of improper inegrls - hose wih infinie limis of inegrion, nd hose wih inegrnds h pproch some poin wihin he limis of inegrion. Firs we will consider inegrls wih infinie
More informationAverage & instantaneous velocity and acceleration Motion with constant acceleration
Physics 7: Lecure Reminders Discussion nd Lb secions sr meeing ne week Fill ou Pink dd/drop form if you need o swich o differen secion h is FULL. Do i TODAY. Homework Ch. : 5, 7,, 3,, nd 6 Ch.: 6,, 3 Submission
More information0 for t < 0 1 for t > 0
8.0 Sep nd del funcions Auhor: Jeremy Orloff The uni Sep Funcion We define he uni sep funcion by u() = 0 for < 0 for > 0 I is clled he uni sep funcion becuse i kes uni sep = 0. I is someimes clled he Heviside
More informationFM Applications of Integration 1.Centroid of Area
FM Applicions of Inegrion.Cenroid of Are The cenroid of ody is is geomeric cenre. For n ojec mde of uniform meril, he cenroid coincides wih he poin which he ody cn e suppored in perfecly lnced se ie, is
More informationChapter 2. Motion along a straight line. 9/9/2015 Physics 218
Chper Moion long srigh line 9/9/05 Physics 8 Gols for Chper How o describe srigh line moion in erms of displcemen nd erge elociy. The mening of insnneous elociy nd speed. Aerge elociy/insnneous elociy
More informationHow to Prove the Riemann Hypothesis Author: Fayez Fok Al Adeh.
How o Prove he Riemnn Hohesis Auhor: Fez Fok Al Adeh. Presiden of he Srin Cosmologicl Socie P.O.Bo,387,Dmscus,Sri Tels:963--77679,735 Emil:hf@scs-ne.org Commens: 3 ges Subj-Clss: Funcionl nlsis, comle
More informationf t f a f x dx By Lin McMullin f x dx= f b f a. 2
Accumulion: Thoughs On () By Lin McMullin f f f d = + The gols of he AP* Clculus progrm include he semen, Sudens should undersnd he definie inegrl s he ne ccumulion of chnge. 1 The Topicl Ouline includes
More informationPhysics 2A HW #3 Solutions
Chper 3 Focus on Conceps: 3, 4, 6, 9 Problems: 9, 9, 3, 41, 66, 7, 75, 77 Phsics A HW #3 Soluions Focus On Conceps 3-3 (c) The ccelerion due o grvi is he sme for boh blls, despie he fc h he hve differen
More informationSeptember 20 Homework Solutions
College of Engineering nd Compuer Science Mechnicl Engineering Deprmen Mechnicl Engineering A Seminr in Engineering Anlysis Fll 7 Number 66 Insrucor: Lrry Creo Sepember Homework Soluions Find he specrum
More informationHow to prove the Riemann Hypothesis
Scholrs Journl of Phsics, Mhemics nd Sisics Sch. J. Phs. Mh. S. 5; (B:5-6 Scholrs Acdemic nd Scienific Publishers (SAS Publishers (An Inernionl Publisher for Acdemic nd Scienific Resources *Corresonding
More informationThe solution is often represented as a vector: 2xI + 4X2 + 2X3 + 4X4 + 2X5 = 4 2xI + 4X2 + 3X3 + 3X4 + 3X5 = 4. 3xI + 6X2 + 6X3 + 3X4 + 6X5 = 6.
[~ o o :- o o ill] i 1. Mrices, Vecors, nd Guss-Jordn Eliminion 1 x y = = - z= The soluion is ofen represened s vecor: n his exmple, he process of eliminion works very smoohly. We cn elimine ll enries
More information22.615, MHD Theory of Fusion Systems Prof. Freidberg Lecture 10: The High Beta Tokamak Con d and the High Flux Conserving Tokamak.
.615, MHD Theory of Fusion Sysems Prof. Freidberg Lecure 1: The High Be Tokmk Con d nd he High Flux Conserving Tokmk Proeries of he High Tokmk 1. Evlue he MHD sfey fcor: ψ B * ( ) 1 3 ρ 1+ ν ρ ρ cosθ *
More informationA Structural Approach to the Enforcement of Language and Disjunctive Constraints
A Srucurl Aroch o he Enforcemen of Lnguge nd Disjuncive Consrins Mrin V. Iordche School of Engineering nd Eng. Tech. LeTourneu Universiy Longview, TX 7607-700 Pnos J. Ansklis Dermen of Elecricl Engineering
More informationCHAPTER 11 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES
CHAPTER PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES. PARAMETRIZATIONS OF PLANE CURVES., 9, _ _ Ê.,, Ê or, Ÿ. 5, 7, _ _.,, Ÿ Ÿ Ê Ê 5 Ê ( 5) Ê ˆ Ê 6 Ê ( 5) 7 Ê Ê, Ÿ Ÿ $ 5. cos, sin, Ÿ Ÿ 6. cos ( ), sin (
More informationMATH 124 AND 125 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET (Revised spring 2008)
MATH 14 AND 15 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET (Revised spring 8) The following quesions cn be used s review for Mh 14/ 15 These quesions re no cul smples of quesions h will pper on he finl em, bu hey will provide
More informationP441 Analytical Mechanics - I. Coupled Oscillators. c Alex R. Dzierba
Lecure 3 Mondy - Deceber 5, 005 Wrien or ls upded: Deceber 3, 005 P44 Anlyicl Mechnics - I oupled Oscillors c Alex R. Dzierb oupled oscillors - rix echnique In Figure we show n exple of wo coupled oscillors,
More information01 = Transformations II. We ve got Affine Transformations. Elementary Transformations. Compound Transformations. Reflection about y-axis
Leure Se 5 Trnsformions II CS56Comuer Grhis Rih Riesenfel 7 Ferur We ve go Affine Trnsformions Liner Trnslion CS56 Comoun Trnsformions Buil u omoun rnsformions onening elemenr ones Use for omlie moion
More information2D Motion WS. A horizontally launched projectile s initial vertical velocity is zero. Solve the following problems with this information.
Nme D Moion WS The equions of moion h rele o projeciles were discussed in he Projecile Moion Anlsis Acii. ou found h projecile moes wih consn eloci in he horizonl direcion nd consn ccelerion in he ericl
More informationThree Dimensional Coordinate Geometry
HKCWCC dvned evel Pure Mhs. / -D Co-Geomer Three Dimensionl Coordine Geomer. Coordine of Poin in Spe Z XOX, YOY nd ZOZ re he oordine-es. P,, is poin on he oordine plne nd is lled ordered riple. P,, X Y
More informationIX.1.1 The Laplace Transform Definition 700. IX.1.2 Properties 701. IX.1.3 Examples 702. IX.1.4 Solution of IVP for ODEs 704
Chper IX The Inegrl Trnform Mehod IX. The plce Trnform November 4, 7 699 IX. THE APACE TRANSFORM IX.. The plce Trnform Definiion 7 IX.. Properie 7 IX..3 Emple 7 IX..4 Soluion of IVP for ODE 74 IX..5 Soluion
More informationHonours Introductory Maths Course 2011 Integration, Differential and Difference Equations
Honours Inroducory Mhs Course 0 Inegrion, Differenil nd Difference Equions Reding: Ching Chper 4 Noe: These noes do no fully cover he meril in Ching, u re men o supplemen your reding in Ching. Thus fr
More informationPHYSICS 1210 Exam 1 University of Wyoming 14 February points
PHYSICS 1210 Em 1 Uniersiy of Wyoming 14 Februry 2013 150 poins This es is open-noe nd closed-book. Clculors re permied bu compuers re no. No collborion, consulion, or communicion wih oher people (oher
More information3 Motion with constant acceleration: Linear and projectile motion
3 Moion wih consn ccelerion: Liner nd projecile moion cons, In he precedin Lecure we he considered moion wih consn ccelerion lon he is: Noe h,, cn be posiie nd neie h leds o rie of behiors. Clerl similr
More informationA LOG IS AN EXPONENT.
Ojeives: n nlze nd inerpre he ehvior of rihmi funions, inluding end ehvior nd smpoes. n solve rihmi equions nlill nd grphill. n grph rihmi funions. n deermine he domin nd rnge of rihmi funions. n deermine
More informationChapter 2: Evaluative Feedback
Chper 2: Evluive Feedbck Evluing cions vs. insrucing by giving correc cions Pure evluive feedbck depends olly on he cion ken. Pure insrucive feedbck depends no ll on he cion ken. Supervised lerning is
More informationIX.1.1 The Laplace Transform Definition 700. IX.1.2 Properties 701. IX.1.3 Examples 702. IX.1.4 Solution of IVP for ODEs 704
Chper IX The Inegrl Trnform Mehod IX. The plce Trnform November 6, 8 699 IX. THE APACE TRANSFORM IX.. The plce Trnform Definiion 7 IX.. Properie 7 IX..3 Emple 7 IX..4 Soluion of IVP for ODE 74 IX..5 Soluion
More informationThe order of reaction is defined as the number of atoms or molecules whose concentration change during the chemical reaction.
www.hechemisryguru.com Re Lw Expression Order of Recion The order of recion is defined s he number of oms or molecules whose concenrion chnge during he chemicl recion. Or The ol number of molecules or
More informationA 1.3 m 2.5 m 2.8 m. x = m m = 8400 m. y = 4900 m 3200 m = 1700 m
PHYS : Soluions o Chper 3 Home Work. SSM REASONING The displcemen is ecor drwn from he iniil posiion o he finl posiion. The mgniude of he displcemen is he shores disnce beween he posiions. Noe h i is onl
More informationIntegral Transform. Definitions. Function Space. Linear Mapping. Integral Transform
Inegrl Trnsform Definiions Funcion Spce funcion spce A funcion spce is liner spce of funcions defined on he sme domins & rnges. Liner Mpping liner mpping Le VF, WF e liner spces over he field F. A mpping
More informationMinimum Squared Error
Minimum Squred Error LDF: Minimum Squred-Error Procedures Ide: conver o esier nd eer undersood prolem Percepron y i > for ll smples y i solve sysem of liner inequliies MSE procedure y i = i for ll smples
More informationSolutions to Problems from Chapter 2
Soluions o Problems rom Chper Problem. The signls u() :5sgn(), u () :5sgn(), nd u h () :5sgn() re ploed respecively in Figures.,b,c. Noe h u h () :5sgn() :5; 8 including, bu u () :5sgn() is undeined..5
More informationMinimum Squared Error
Minimum Squred Error LDF: Minimum Squred-Error Procedures Ide: conver o esier nd eer undersood prolem Percepron y i > 0 for ll smples y i solve sysem of liner inequliies MSE procedure y i i for ll smples
More information3. Renewal Limit Theorems
Virul Lborories > 14. Renewl Processes > 1 2 3 3. Renewl Limi Theorems In he inroducion o renewl processes, we noed h he rrivl ime process nd he couning process re inverses, in sens The rrivl ime process
More informationA Kalman filtering simulation
A Klmn filering simulion The performnce of Klmn filering hs been esed on he bsis of wo differen dynmicl models, ssuming eiher moion wih consn elociy or wih consn ccelerion. The former is epeced o beer
More informationCurves and Surfaces. Chap. 8 Intro. to Computer Graphics, Spring 2009, Y. G. Shin
Curves and Surfaces Cha. 8 Inro. o Comuer Grahics, Sring 9, Y. G. Shin Reresenaion of Curves and Surfaces Key words surface modeling arameric surface coninuiy, conrol oins basis funcions Bezier curve B-sline
More informationEXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP
UNIT # 09 PARABOLA, ELLIPSE & HYPERBOLA PARABOLA EXERCISE - 0 CHECK YOUR GRASP. Hin : Disnce beween direcri nd focus is 5. Given (, be one end of focl chord hen oher end be, lengh of focl chord 6. Focus
More information1. Consider a PSA initially at rest in the beginning of the left-hand end of a long ISS corridor. Assume xo = 0 on the left end of the ISS corridor.
In Eercise 1, use sndrd recngulr Cresin coordine sysem. Le ime be represened long he horizonl is. Assume ll ccelerions nd decelerions re consn. 1. Consider PSA iniilly res in he beginning of he lef-hnd
More informationINTEGRALS. Exercise 1. Let f : [a, b] R be bounded, and let P and Q be partitions of [a, b]. Prove that if P Q then U(P ) U(Q) and L(P ) L(Q).
INTEGRALS JOHN QUIGG Eercise. Le f : [, b] R be bounded, nd le P nd Q be priions of [, b]. Prove h if P Q hen U(P ) U(Q) nd L(P ) L(Q). Soluion: Le P = {,..., n }. Since Q is obined from P by dding finiely
More informationgraph of unit step function t
.5 Piecewie coninuou forcing funcion...e.g. urning he forcing on nd off. The following Lplce rnform meril i ueful in yem where we urn forcing funcion on nd off, nd when we hve righ hnd ide "forcing funcion"
More informationPhysic 231 Lecture 4. Mi it ftd l t. Main points of today s lecture: Example: addition of velocities Trajectories of objects in 2 = =
Mi i fd l Phsic 3 Lecure 4 Min poins of od s lecure: Emple: ddiion of elociies Trjecories of objecs in dimensions: dimensions: g 9.8m/s downwrds ( ) g o g g Emple: A foobll pler runs he pern gien in he
More information(b) 10 yr. (b) 13 m. 1.6 m s, m s m s (c) 13.1 s. 32. (a) 20.0 s (b) No, the minimum distance to stop = 1.00 km. 1.
Answers o Een Numbered Problems Chper. () 7 m s, 6 m s (b) 8 5 yr 4.. m ih 6. () 5. m s (b).5 m s (c).5 m s (d) 3.33 m s (e) 8. ().3 min (b) 64 mi..3 h. ().3 s (b) 3 m 4..8 mi wes of he flgpole 6. (b)
More informationECE Microwave Engineering. Fall Prof. David R. Jackson Dept. of ECE. Notes 10. Waveguides Part 7: Transverse Equivalent Network (TEN)
EE 537-635 Microwve Engineering Fll 7 Prof. Dvid R. Jcson Dep. of EE Noes Wveguides Pr 7: Trnsverse Equivlen Newor (N) Wveguide Trnsmission Line Model Our gol is o come up wih rnsmission line model for
More informationVersion 001 test-1 swinney (57010) 1. is constant at m/s.
Version 001 es-1 swinne (57010) 1 This prin-ou should hve 20 quesions. Muliple-choice quesions m coninue on he nex column or pge find ll choices before nswering. CubeUniVec1x76 001 10.0 poins Acubeis1.4fee
More informationMore on Magnetically C Coupled Coils and Ideal Transformers
Appenix ore on gneiclly C Couple Coils Iel Trnsformers C. Equivlen Circuis for gneiclly Couple Coils A imes, i is convenien o moel mgneiclly couple coils wih n equivlen circui h oes no involve mgneic coupling.
More informationSection P.1 Notes Page 1 Section P.1 Precalculus and Trigonometry Review
Secion P Noe Pge Secion P Preclculu nd Trigonomer Review ALGEBRA AND PRECALCULUS Eponen Lw: Emple: 8 Emple: Emple: Emple: b b Emple: 9 EXAMPLE: Simplif: nd wrie wi poiive eponen Fir I will flip e frcion
More informationContraction Mapping Principle Approach to Differential Equations
epl Journl of Science echnology 0 (009) 49-53 Conrcion pping Principle pproch o Differenil Equions Bishnu P. Dhungn Deprmen of hemics, hendr Rn Cmpus ribhuvn Universiy, Khmu epl bsrc Using n eension of
More informationPhysics 101 Lecture 4 Motion in 2D and 3D
Phsics 11 Lecure 4 Moion in D nd 3D Dr. Ali ÖVGÜN EMU Phsics Deprmen www.ogun.com Vecor nd is componens The componens re he legs of he righ ringle whose hpoenuse is A A A A A n ( θ ) A Acos( θ) A A A nd
More informationPARABOLA. moves such that PM. = e (constant > 0) (eccentricity) then locus of P is called a conic. or conic section.
wwwskshieducioncom PARABOLA Le S be given fixed poin (focus) nd le l be given fixed line (Direcrix) Le SP nd PM be he disnce of vrible poin P o he focus nd direcrix respecively nd P SP moves such h PM
More informationCheck in: 1 If m = 2(x + 1) and n = find y when. b y = 2m n 2
7 Parameric equaions This chaer will show ou how o skech curves using heir arameric equaions conver arameric equaions o Caresian equaions find oins of inersecion of curves and lines using arameric equaions
More informationMotion in a Straight Line
Moion in Srigh Line. Preei reched he mero sion nd found h he esclor ws no working. She wlked up he sionry esclor in ime. On oher dys, if she remins sionry on he moing esclor, hen he esclor kes her up in
More informationCollision Detection and Bouncing
Collision Deecion nd Bouncing Collisions re Hndled in Two Prs. Deecing he collision Mike Biley mj@cs.oregonse.edu. Hndling he physics of he collision collision-ouncing.ppx If You re Lucky, You Cn Deec
More informationCalculus Module C21. Areas by Integration. Copyright This publication The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved.
Clculus Module C Ares Integrtion Copright This puliction The Northern Alert Institute of Technolog 7. All Rights Reserved. LAST REVISED Mrch, 9 Introduction to Ares Integrtion Sttement of Prerequisite
More informationParticle Filtering. CSE 473: Artificial Intelligence Particle Filters. Representation: Particles. Particle Filtering: Elapse Time
CSE 473: Arificil Inelligence Pricle Filers Dieer Fo Universiy of Wshingon [Mos slides were creed by Dn Klein nd Pieer Abbeel for CS88 Inro o AI UC Berkeley. All CS88 merils re vilble h://i.berkeley.ed.]
More informationIntroduction to Algebra - Part 2
Alger Module A Introduction to Alger - Prt Copright This puliction The Northern Alert Institute of Technolog 00. All Rights Reserved. LAST REVISED Oct., 008 Introduction to Alger - Prt Sttement of Prerequisite
More informationMathematics 805 Final Examination Answers
. 5 poins Se he Weiersrss M-es. Mhemics 85 Finl Eminion Answers Answer: Suppose h A R, nd f n : A R. Suppose furher h f n M n for ll A, nd h Mn converges. Then f n converges uniformly on A.. 5 poins Se
More information, MATHS H.O.D.: SUHAG R.KARIYA, BHOPAL, CONIC SECTION PART 8 OF
DOWNLOAD FREE FROM www.tekoclsses.com, PH.: 0 903 903 7779, 98930 5888 Some questions (Assertion Reson tpe) re given elow. Ech question contins Sttement (Assertion) nd Sttement (Reson). Ech question hs
More informationPhysics 201, Lecture 5
Phsics 1 Lecue 5 Tod s Topics n Moion in D (Chp 4.1-4.3): n D Kinemicl Quniies (sec. 4.1) n D Kinemics wih Consn Acceleion (sec. 4.) n D Pojecile (Sec 4.3) n Epeced fom Peiew: n Displcemen eloci cceleion
More information3D Transformations. Computer Graphics COMP 770 (236) Spring Instructor: Brandon Lloyd 1/26/07 1
D Trnsformions Compuer Grphics COMP 770 (6) Spring 007 Insrucor: Brndon Lloyd /6/07 Geomery Geomeric eniies, such s poins in spce, exis wihou numers. Coordines re nming scheme. The sme poin cn e descried
More informationEXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR A SECOND-ORDER ITERATIVE BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM
Elecronic Journl of Differenil Equions, Vol. 208 (208), No. 50, pp. 6. ISSN: 072-669. URL: hp://ejde.mh.xse.edu or hp://ejde.mh.un.edu EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR A SECOND-ORDER ITERATIVE
More informationChapter Direct Method of Interpolation
Chper 5. Direc Mehod of Inerpolion Afer reding his chper, you should be ble o:. pply he direc mehod of inerpolion,. sole problems using he direc mehod of inerpolion, nd. use he direc mehod inerpolns o
More informationOutline. Expectation Propagation in Practice. EP in a nutshell. Extensions to EP. EP algorithm Examples: Tom Minka CMU Statistics
Eecion Progion in Prcice Tom Mink CMU Sisics Join work wih Yun Qi nd John Lffery EP lgorihm Emles: Ouline Trcking dynmic sysem Signl deecion in fding chnnels Documen modeling Bolzmnn mchines Eensions o
More informationCSC 373: Algorithm Design and Analysis Lecture 9
CSC 373: Algorihm Deign n Anlyi Leure 9 Alln Boroin Jnury 28, 2013 1 / 16 Leure 9: Announemen n Ouline Announemen Prolem e 1 ue hi Friy. Term Te 1 will e hel nex Mony, Fe in he uoril. Two nnounemen o follow
More informationRESPONSE UNDER A GENERAL PERIODIC FORCE. When the external force F(t) is periodic with periodτ = 2π
RESPONSE UNDER A GENERAL PERIODIC FORCE When he exernl force F() is periodic wih periodτ / ω,i cn be expnded in Fourier series F( ) o α ω α b ω () where τ F( ) ω d, τ,,,... () nd b τ F( ) ω d, τ,,... (3)
More informationBOX-JENKINS MODEL NOTATION. The Box-Jenkins ARMA(p,q) model is denoted by the equation. pwhile the moving average (MA) part of the model is θ1at
BOX-JENKINS MODEL NOAION he Box-Jenkins ARMA(,q) model is denoed b he equaion + + L+ + a θ a L θ a 0 q q. () he auoregressive (AR) ar of he model is + L+ while he moving average (MA) ar of he model is
More informationSOME USEFUL MATHEMATICS
SOME USEFU MAHEMAICS SOME USEFU MAHEMAICS I is esy o mesure n preic he behvior of n elecricl circui h conins only c volges n currens. However, mos useful elecricl signls h crry informion vry wih ime. Since
More informationNMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications. Nagarajan Murali Advanced Tools Lecture 4
NMR Specroscop: Principles nd Applicions Ngrjn Murli Advnced Tools Lecure 4 Advnced Tools Qunum Approch We know now h NMR is rnch of Specroscop nd he MNR specrum is n oucome of nucler spin inercion wih
More informationVector autoregression VAR. Case 1
Vecor auoregression VAR So far we have focused mosl on models where deends onl on as. More generall we migh wan o consider oin models ha involve more han one variable. There are wo reasons: Firs, we migh
More informationSome Inequalities variations on a common theme Lecture I, UL 2007
Some Inequliies vriions on common heme Lecure I, UL 2007 Finbrr Hollnd, Deprmen of Mhemics, Universiy College Cork, fhollnd@uccie; July 2, 2007 Three Problems Problem Assume i, b i, c i, i =, 2, 3 re rel
More informationM r. d 2. R t a M. Structural Mechanics Section. Exam CT5141 Theory of Elasticity Friday 31 October 2003, 9:00 12:00 hours. Problem 1 (3 points)
Delf Universiy of Technology Fculy of Civil Engineering nd Geosciences Srucurl echnics Secion Wrie your nme nd sudy numer he op righ-hnd of your work. Exm CT5 Theory of Elsiciy Fridy Ocoer 00, 9:00 :00
More informationM344 - ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
M3 - ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Lecture 18: Lplce s Eqution, Anltic nd Numericl Solution Our emple of n elliptic prtil differentil eqution is Lplce s eqution, lso clled the Diffusion Eqution. If
More information( β ) touches the x-axis if = 1
Generl Certificte of Eduction (dv. Level) Emintion, ugust Comined Mthemtics I - Prt B Model nswers. () Let f k k, where k is rel constnt. i. Epress f in the form( ) Find the turning point of f without
More information1. Find a basis for the row space of each of the following matrices. Your basis should consist of rows of the original matrix.
Mh 7 Exm - Prcice Prolem Solions. Find sis for he row spce of ech of he following mrices. Yor sis shold consis of rows of he originl mrix. 4 () 7 7 8 () Since we wn sis for he row spce consising of rows
More information22.615, MHD Theory of Fusion Systems Prof. Freidberg Lecture 9: The High Beta Tokamak
.65, MHD Theory of Fusion Sysems Prof. Freidberg Lecure 9: The High e Tokmk Summry of he Properies of n Ohmic Tokmk. Advnges:. good euilibrium (smll shif) b. good sbiliy ( ) c. good confinemen ( τ nr )
More informationAn object moving with speed v around a point at distance r, has an angular velocity. m/s m
Roion The mosphere roes wih he erh n moions wihin he mosphere clerly follow cure phs (cyclones, nicyclones, hurricnes, ornoes ec.) We nee o epress roion quniiely. For soli objec or ny mss h oes no isor
More information5.4. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. 356 Chapter 5: Integration. Mean Value Theorem for Definite Integrals
56 Chter 5: Integrtion 5.4 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus HISTORICA BIOGRAPHY Sir Isc Newton (64 77) In this section we resent the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, which is the centrl theorem of integrl
More informationInventory Analysis and Management. Multi-Period Stochastic Models: Optimality of (s, S) Policy for K-Convex Objective Functions
Muli-Period Sochasic Models: Opimali of (s, S) Polic for -Convex Objecive Funcions Consider a seing similar o he N-sage newsvendor problem excep ha now here is a fixed re-ordering cos (> 0) for each (re-)order.
More informationANSWERS TO EVEN NUMBERED EXERCISES IN CHAPTER 2
ANSWERS TO EVEN NUMBERED EXERCISES IN CHAPTER Seion Eerise -: Coninuiy of he uiliy funion Le λ ( ) be he monooni uiliy funion defined in he proof of eisene of uiliy funion If his funion is oninuous y hen
More informationMagnetostatics Bar Magnet. Magnetostatics Oersted s Experiment
Mgneosics Br Mgne As fr bck s 4500 yers go, he Chinese discovered h cerin ypes of iron ore could rc ech oher nd cerin mels. Iron filings "mp" of br mgne s field Crefully suspended slivers of his mel were
More informationREAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 3. Chapter 1
REAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 3 CİHAN BAHRAN The quesions re from Sein nd Shkrchi s e. Chper 1 18. Prove he following sserion: Every mesurble funcion is he limi.e. of sequence of coninuous funcions. We firs
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 3 Signals & Sysems Prof. Mark Fowler Noe Se # Wha are Coninuous-Time Signals??? /6 Coninuous-Time Signal Coninuous Time (C-T) Signal: A C-T signal is defined on he coninuum of ime values. Tha is:
More informationS Radio transmission and network access Exercise 1-2
S-7.330 Rdio rnsmission nd nework ccess Exercise 1 - P1 In four-symbol digil sysem wih eqully probble symbols he pulses in he figure re used in rnsmission over AWGN-chnnel. s () s () s () s () 1 3 4 )
More informationMAT 266 Calculus for Engineers II Notes on Chapter 6 Professor: John Quigg Semester: spring 2017
MAT 66 Clculus for Engineers II Noes on Chper 6 Professor: John Quigg Semeser: spring 7 Secion 6.: Inegrion by prs The Produc Rule is d d f()g() = f()g () + f ()g() Tking indefinie inegrls gives [f()g
More informationA Simple Method to Solve Quartic Equations. Key words: Polynomials, Quartics, Equations of the Fourth Degree INTRODUCTION
Ausrlin Journl of Bsic nd Applied Sciences, 6(6): -6, 0 ISSN 99-878 A Simple Mehod o Solve Quric Equions Amir Fhi, Poo Mobdersn, Rhim Fhi Deprmen of Elecricl Engineering, Urmi brnch, Islmic Ad Universi,
More information3.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION: DISCRETE TIME PROBLEMS. A. The Hamiltonian and First-Order Conditions in a Finite Time Horizon
3..3 INRODUCION O DYNAMIC OPIMIZAION: DISCREE IME PROBLEMS A. he Hamilonian and Firs-Order Condiions in a Finie ime Horizon Define a new funcion, he Hamilonian funcion, H. H he change in he oal value of
More informationComputing with diode model
ECE 570 Session 5 C 752E Comuer Aided Engineering for negraed Circuis Comuing wih diode model Objecie: nroduce conces in numerical circui analsis Ouline: 1. Model of an examle circui wih a diode 2. Ouline
More informationCh.4 Motion in 2D. Ch.4 Motion in 2D
Moion in plne, such s in he sceen, is clled 2-dimensionl (2D) moion. 1. Posiion, displcemen nd eloci ecos If he picle s posiion is ( 1, 1 ) 1, nd ( 2, 2 ) 2, he posiions ecos e 1 = 1 1 2 = 2 2 Aege eloci
More informationGEOMETRIC EFFECTS CONTRIBUTING TO ANTICIPATION OF THE BEVEL EDGE IN SPREADING RESISTANCE PROFILING
GEOMETRIC EFFECTS CONTRIBUTING TO ANTICIPATION OF THE BEVEL EDGE IN SPREADING RESISTANCE PROFILING D H Dickey nd R M Brennn Solecon Lbororie, Inc Reno, Nevd 89521 When preding reince probing re mde prior
More information5.1-The Initial-Value Problems For Ordinary Differential Equations
5.-The Iniil-Vlue Problems For Ordinry Differenil Equions Consider solving iniil-vlue problems for ordinry differenil equions: (*) y f, y, b, y. If we know he generl soluion y of he ordinry differenil
More informationT-Match: Matching Techniques For Driving Yagi-Uda Antennas: T-Match. 2a s. Z in. (Sections 9.5 & 9.7 of Balanis)
3/0/018 _mch.doc Pge 1 of 6 T-Mch: Mching Techniques For Driving Ygi-Ud Anenns: T-Mch (Secions 9.5 & 9.7 of Blnis) l s l / l / in The T-Mch is shun-mching echnique h cn be used o feed he driven elemen
More informationA Novel Method for Trajectory Planning of Cooperative Mobile Manipulators
Originl Aricle A Novel Mehod for recory Plnning of Cooerive Moile Mniulors Hossein Bolndi, Amir Frhd Ehyei College of Elecricl Engineering, Irn Universiy of Sciences nd echnology, Nmk, ehrn, Irn ABSRAC
More informationPHY2048 Exam 1 Formula Sheet Vectors. Motion. v ave (3 dim) ( (1 dim) dt. ( (3 dim) Equations of Motion (Constant Acceleration)
Insrucors: Field/Mche PHYSICS DEPATMENT PHY 48 Em Ferur, 5 Nme prin, ls firs: Signure: On m honor, I he neiher gien nor receied unuhoried id on his eminion. YOU TEST NUMBE IS THE 5-DIGIT NUMBE AT THE TOP
More informationScience Advertisement Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis 2/3/2007 Physics 253
Science Adeisemen Inegoenmenl Pnel on Clime Chnge: The Phsicl Science Bsis hp://www.ipcc.ch/spmfeb7.pdf /3/7 Phsics 53 hp://www.fonews.com/pojecs/pdf/spmfeb7.pdf /3/7 Phsics 53 3 Sus: Uni, Chpe 3 Vecos
More informationPhys 110. Answers to even numbered problems on Midterm Map
Phys Answers o een numbered problems on Miderm Mp. REASONING The word per indices rio, so.35 mm per dy mens.35 mm/d, which is o be epressed s re in f/cenury. These unis differ from he gien unis in boh
More information