Development of Radio Wave Propagation Model in Indoor Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) Scenario

Transcription

1 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) ISSN 7-5 (Pin & Online) Globl Soiey o Sienii Rese n Resees p://ijjounl.og/ Developmen o Rio Wve Popgion Moel in Inoo Non-Line-o-Sig (NLOS) Senio Te W Soe *, Aung Myin Aye b,,b Depmen o Inomion Tenology, Mnly Tenologil Univesiy, Te Union o e Republi o Mynm Emil: ewsoe.ws@gmil.om b Emil:.ungmyinye@gmil.om Abs To impove e peomne o n inoo WLAN, i is vey impon o esime speii eeive signl seng bse on expeimenl n peiing. As e esign o builing lyous n onsue builing meils moenize n e omplex, i is iiul o esime e eeive signl seng vlues oing o ose builing suue. Fo is eson, is ese evelops new io wve popgion moel o inoo Non-Line-o-Sig (NLOS) senios wi e elp o TP-LINK oue.in oe o evelop e popose moel, e ee spe moel is moiie by onsieing e inluene o oio oniions on e loo bse on y ing enique ie equeny nge o.ghz. Using is moel, inoo eeive signl seng vlues n be esime oing o e geomeil pln in moeling o inoo io wve popgion. Te peomne ompison o nnel piy is implemene wi vious equeny nges using MATLAB pogmming lnguge. Te eommenion esuls om expeimenl n popose moel will elp wieless newok sysem esignes in opimizion ovell os ee. Keywos: WLAN; Non-Line-o-Sig (NLOS); ee spe moel; y ing enique; eeive signl seng; nnel piy. 1. Inouion Wi e oninul impovemen in IEEE 8.11 sns wieless newoks e being eploye in eve inesing numbes. As enology vnes e es n ovege o Wi-Fi ineses n so e usge o ieen ig bnwi equiemen ppliions ineses. Tese ennemens o e enology o povie newok esign enginees wi some signiin poblems wen esigning e newok insuue * Coesponing uo.

2 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 Rio wve popgion moel is se o memil expessions, igms, n lgoims use o epesen e io eisis o given envionmen. Te eisis o n inoo io nnel vy beween ieen envionmens n mus be onsiee wen moeling e io nnel. Mny ve suie e popgion eisis o e inoo. GHz nnel [1, ], o wi uen 8.11b implemenions e esigne. Te WLAN pimily opees in n inoo envionmen ving emenous moun o impimen n vibiliy. Inoo nnels evily epen on e plemen o wlls n piions ie e signl p wiin e builing. Tee e mny ieen wys on ow e signl ovege in builings n be eemine. In is ppe, poessing o mesue vlues o pei eeive signl seng in e inoo NLOS e ws onene in oe o evelop new inoo io wve popgion moel espeilly o NLOS envionmen bse on ee spe moel n moiie eleion oeiien using y ing enique. Te wieless signl nlyze sowe lle insside is use o mesue e signl seng pe vying isnes [].. Inoo Rio Wve Popgion Rio wve popgion esibes signiin ole in e peomne o io sysems. Rio wves, i.e. eleomgnei wves, e popge in io nnel is unesoo s e io p beween e nsmie n e eeive wi e elp o nenns. Te io wve ommuniion p onsiss o vible envionmen n vious obsles e e io wves nsmission p wen popging e signl. Wi inoo io ommuniion, ee is ely line o sig beween e nsmie n eeive, n muliple signl popgion ps exis. Te signls om ese ps ombine bo onsuively n esuively e eeive o poue mulip ing. Depening on e builing onsuion n lyou, e signl usully popges long oios n ino oe open es. In some ses, nsmie signls my ve Line-o-Sie (LOS) o e eeive. Wen popging o io wve beween nsmie n eeive kes ple wiou ny obsles beween em, su kin o popgion is lle Line-o-Sig (LOS). LOS siuion is oen impossible o minin wile using mobile io sysems. I is obvious ee n lwys be mny obsles su s mny objes, eleing sues, uniue n builing piions in inoo envionmens. Teeoe, su siuion is lle non-line-o-sig (NLOS). Te bsi io wve popgion moels in e envionmen o LOS e ee spe moel n wo y moel []..1. Fee Spe Moel Te ee spe moel povies mesue o p loss s union o Tx-Rx sepion wen e nsmie n eeive e wiin LOS nge in ee spe envionmen [5]. Te moel is given by equion (1) wi epesens e p loss s posiive quniy in B: P PG G L (1) L. log log () 1

3 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 Wee P n P e e nsmie n eeive powe, G n G e e nsmiing n eeiving nenns gins espeively, L is e p losses beween nenns, λ is e wveleng in mees, n is e Tx-Rx sepion in kilomees, is e ie equeny expesse in MHz. Wen vlue o nenns gins e ssume s uniy, ese gins beome s G = G = 1 [6]... Releion Coeiien Te eleion oeiiens o veil n oizonl polizion, Rv n R, espeively e pesene in equion () n (). R sin sin os os () sin sin os R () os Wee θ is gzing ngle, ε =ε - j6σλ is omplex ielei onsn, ε is e ielei onsn o eleion sue, σ is e onuiviy o eleion sue n λ is wveleng. In is suy e vlues o eleion o wee lule epening on e ype o eleive meils n vious isnes beween nsmie n eeive. Tble 1 sows e vlues o elive pemiiviy n onuiviy epening on e ype o meils woking.ghz. Tble 1: Relive pemiiviy n onuiviy o vious meils [9] Meils Relive Pemiiviy ε Conuiviy σ Glss Conee.1.1 Dy Bik 5..1 Woo Single Inpu Single Oupu (SISO) Sysems SISO sysems o e single inpu single oupu ommuniion sysems is e simples om o e ommuniion sysem ou o ll ou in wi ee is single nsmiing nenn e soue n single eeiving nenn e esinion[7]. SISO sysems e use in muliple sysems like Blueoo, Wi-Fi, io bosing, TV e. Figue 1 sows Slue Snon s SISO nnel piy. Te piy o SISO link is speiie in e numbe o bis n be nsmie ove i s mesue by e vey impon mei, (b/s/hz). Te piy o SISO link is union simply o e nnel SNR s given by e equion (5).

4 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 Tis piy elionsip ws o ouse esblise by Clue Snnon [8] n is lso lle e inomioneoei piy. Te SNR in is equion is eine s e ol powe ivie by e noise powe. Te piy o su sysems is given by Snnon piy eoem giving e memil om s C log 1 SNR (5) Wee, C is piy n SNR is e signl o noise io. SISO e vngeous in ems o e simpliiy. I oes no equie poessing in ems o ivesiy semes. Te ougpu o e sysem epens upon e nnel bnwi n signl o noise io. In some oniions, ese sysems e expose o e issues like mulip ees. Wen n eleomgnei wve ines wi ills, builings n oe obsles, wveom ge se n kes mny ps o e e esinion. Su issues e known s mulip. Tis uses sevel issues like ing, losses n enuion lso e euion in spee, pke loss n eos e inese. C=log(1+SNR) Tx Rx Figue1: Clue Snon s SISO nnel piy. Opimizion o Inoo Rio Wve Popgion Moel Tis ese ims o opimize inoo io wve popgion moel bse on ee spe moel wi onsieion o e y omponens long e L-spe oio su s e eleive ys om e goun, oo n sie wlls. Figue. sows e sysem blok igm o popose moel. Anlyze Inoo Popgion Moels Coose esie Inoo Moel (Fee Spe) Coose esie Popgion Menism (Releion) Coun ee spe p & ll possible elee ys om wlls Develop Inoo Popgion Moel Coose Envionmenl Region o onuing Expeimens (NLOS) Conu Expeimens oing o e popose Moel Ajus Popose Moel Compe Expeimen n peiive om popose moel Exee Expee Eo? Ajuse Moel Oupu Reommenion Figue : Sysem Blok Digm o Popose Moe

5 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 In ee spe popgion moel, only e ee spe p is onsiee, bu ll possible eleive ys om e goun, oo, sie wlls n opposie wlls e lso neee o onsie in e se o inoo io wve popgion long e L-spe oio. 5 b/ Fee spe Goun b Ege one o oe oio Roo - Figue : Fee spe n e eleive ys om e goun n oo Coio wi Rx Coio wi Rx 1 1 Sie wll Fee spe Opposie wll / Tx Ege one o oe oio b Coio wi Sie wll Opposie wll 1-m Tx Ege one o oe oio b Coio wi b/ () (b) Figue : () Te eleive ys om e sie n opposie wlls wile e eeive loe ene poin (b) Te eleive ys om e sie wlls n opposie wlls wile e eeive loe one mee om sie wll.

6 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 5 In eing inoo io wve popgion moel long e L-spe oio, su s oio (1) n () o min builing in Mnly Tenologil Univesiy, no only e ee spe p bu lso ll possible eleive ys om e goun, oo n sie wlls e ken ino onsieion s sown in Figue n Figue. Moeove, mximum six eleive wves e lso onsiee in goun n oo wves o is ese wok. Teeoe, e eeive isne vlues o ll possible ys long L-spe oio e lule o is popose sysem. Te Tble sows e lule isne vlues beween nenns epening on six ys oue in L-spe llwy. Tble : Compison ble o eeive isne vlues beween nenns No Dis: Inex Memil Expession Cene Poin 1-mee om wll 1 b 1 b 1 b 1 b b 1 b b 1 b m m m m m m 6 5 n p p p 1 6 n p p p 1 6 Wee, is isne beween nenns o e ee spe 1 is isne beween nenns o e y om T x o R x by iing 1-elee y om sie wll

7 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 is isne beween nenns o e y om T x o R x by iing 1-elee y om e opposie wll is isne beween nenns o e y om T x o R x by iing 1-elee y om bo sie n opposie wll is isne beween nenns o e y om T x o R x by iing ll possible elee ys om e goun (mximum six eleive wves) 5 is isne beween nenns o e y om T x o R x by iing ll possible elee ys om e oo (mximum six eleive wves). Aloug one ype o isne is onsiee in oiginl ee spe moel oing o equion (1), is ese wok onene on ll possible isnes beween nsmie n eeive king ino onsieion o ieen ieions. All possible isnes e eine s eeive isne vlues ( ) o is sysem. Finlly, e memil omul o e popose io wve popgion moel bse on ee spe moel n be sown in equion (6): P PG G (6) Wee, is e eeive isne vlues wi moiie eleion oeiien n wi is sown in equion (7). Ae epling e vious isne vlues om ble II, equion (7) n be simpliie by equion (8). In is ese wok, e vlue o eleion o R vies oing o e equion (9). R R R R R R 1 5 (7) m1 m 1R m mr m p 1R p pr p p1 R l1 n R l ( 8) R R ( 9) Wee, R is e eleion o vlue o ll elee ys, n= is e numbes o eleion ime o sie wll n opposie wll o isne, i is isne wee signl vels long om nsmie o eeive, R is 1 (eleion o o ee spe), R is eleion oeiien o oizonl polizion, is wi o oio (1) n oio (). 6

8 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 n e eigs o nsmie n eeive espeively n is e eig o e oio. Moeove, e equion o nnel piy n lso be lule oing o e equion (9) bse on e popose io wve popgion moel. SNRbps Hz C log 1 / (1 ) SNR P ( ) N (11 ) Wee P is e eeive signl powe, N = K T B is e eml noise, K (Bolzmnn s onsn) is [J/K], T is Tempeue [K] (Sn Tempeue = 9 K) n B is e bnwi.. Expeimenl egion All expeimens wee onue e min builing o Mnly Tenologil Univesiy, e Republi o e Union o Mynm. All builing meils e onsue wi bik wll n onee ype loos, n glss winows wi woo me oos. Aloug i is onsiue wi ee loos o ou oios n wo loos o one oio, ll expeimens e onue in L-spe om o wo oios, nmely oio (1) n oio () e loo. Wile onuing ll expeimens, ll oos n winows e lose n people e esie no o pss in is expeimenl egion. So, opene n lose posiion o oos, n e ee o wlking people beween nenns e no onsiee in is popose sysem. Te eig beween wo loos is mees. Te wi o oio 1 n is.67m n o oio is m. Tee is ee spe ouoo ompoun e e mile o e builing s sown in Figue 5. Figue 5: Builing Lyou o expeimenl egion 7

9 Reeive Signl Powe (Bm) Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp Expeimenl Poeue Tis seion biely oulines e expeimenl se up use o ou popgion mesuemen. All e expeimens ve been ie ou Non-Line-o-Sig (NLOS) envionmen o omplex builing long ll L-spe oios in min builing o Mnly Tenology Univesiy, e Republi o e Union o Mynm. In ll mesuemens, TP-Link TL-WR1N oue wi 8bi omniieionl nenn ws use o wieless nsmie n LAPTOP (Bi) wi Mioso WINDOWS 7 opeing sysem ws use o eeive. To suvey eeive signl seng, e wieless signl nlyze sowe lle insside ws inslle in is lpop. Cie equeny ws.ghz wi Bm nsmie powe. A is, TP-Link TL-WR1N oue is loe in ixe ene posiion o oio (). Te plemen o nsmie ws onsn, wen e eigs o nsmie n o eeive wee equl o no equl. Te eig o eeive ws lso onsn wi 1.1m, wen e eig o nsmie ws 1.1m o 1.6m. Tee e wo posiions o eeive s plemen wen onuing ll expeimens. Te is plemen o eeive is e ene o e oio n e oe is 1 mee om e sie wll o e oio o e ene o oio. All expeimenl poins e mks s 1 mee om e nsmie long L-spe om o llwy n move e eeive o e expeimenl poin long e oio o e en o i. In ll expeimens, e eeive is oe o ou sies o i e poin in oe o ge e vege vlues o eeive signl seng. An en, ll expeimenl wee use o w eeive signl powe wi e elp o Mlb pogmming lnguge. 6. Expeimenl Resuls Ae peoming ll mesuemens, ll expeimenl wee use o w eeive signl powe wi e i o Mlb pogmming lnguge. Figue 6-9 sows e ompison o e expeimenl n eoeil uves bse on ee spe moel.te oizonl inemen vlues e use o esibe e isne om e nsmie o e eeive, lwys one mee gully inesing wy om e nsmie n e veil inemen vlues e use o esibe e eeive signl powe level in Bm e eeive poin. Te ieen olos n line ypes sow e ieen vlues o eeive signl seng, e ieen loos n e ieen oios. Popose Moel o eeive plemen o ene posiion( Sme Heigs) Oiginl Fee Spe moel Popose NLOS moel 1s Floo(Coio 1) n Floo(Coio 1) Floo(Coio 1) 1s Floo(Coio ) n Floo(Coio ) Floo(Coio ) Disne beween nenns(m) Figue 6: Te ompison esuls o popose moel, oiginl ee spe moel n expeimenl o oio (1) n () 8

10 Reeive Signl Powe (Bm) Reeive Signl Powe (Bm) Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 Te ee spe moel is well known moel o io wve popgion beween nenns espeilly in Line-o- Sig (LOS) envionmen. Bu ose moel n be use no only LOS envionmen bu lso NLOS envionmen. Tis ese submie ll possible wys o use ose moels in oe o be useul in inoo envionmens using pmees o expeimenl egion. Te menion moel n well be use in inoo envionmen e some jusing o em epening on pmees o e expeimenl builing.figue 6 sows eeive signl powe, in Bm vesus isne beween nsmie n eeive, in mees o ll loos o oio (1) n () o e expeimenl egion wen onuing e expeimen wi sme eigs o nsmie n eeive loe in ene poin. Popose Moel o eeive plemen o one mee isne om wll( Sme Heigs) Oiginl Fee Spe moel Popose NLOS moel 1s Floo(Coio 1) n Floo(Coio 1) Floo(Coio 1) 1s Floo(Coio ) n Floo(Coio ) Floo(Coio ) Disne beween nenns(m) Figue 7: Te ompison esuls o popose moel, oiginl ee spe moel n expeimenl o oio (1) n () Popose Moel o eeive plemen o ene posiion ( Dieen Heigs) Oiginl Fee Spe moel Popose NLOS moel 1s Floo(Coio 1) n Floo(Coio 1) Floo(Coio 1) 1s Floo(Coio ) n Floo(Coio ) Floo(Coio ) Disne beween nenns(m) Figue 8: Te ompison esuls o popose moel, oiginl ee spe moel n expeimenl o oio (1) n () 9

11 nnel piy (bps/hz) Reeive Signl Powe (Bm) Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 Popose Moel o eeive plemen o one mee isne om wll( Dieen Heigs) Oiginl Fee Spe moel Popose NLOS moel 1s Floo(Coio 1) n Floo(Coio 1) Floo(Coio 1) 1s Floo(Coio ) n Floo(Coio ) Floo(Coio ) Disne beween nenns(m) Figue 9: Te ompison esuls o popose moel, oiginl ee spe moel n expeimenl o oio (1) n () Figue 7 sows eeive signl powe, in Bm vesus isne beween nsmie n eeive, in mees o ll loos o oio (1) n () o e expeimenl egion wen onuing e expeimen wi sme eigs o nsmie n eeive loe one mee isne om wll.figue 8 sows eeive signl powe, in Bm vesus isne beween nsmie n eeive, in mees o ll loos o oio (1) n () o e expeimenl egion wen onuing e expeimen wi ieen eigs o nsmie n eeive loe in ene poin. Figue 9 sows eeive signl powe, in Bm vesus isne beween nsmie n eeive, in mees o ll loos o oio (1) n () o e expeimenl egion wen onuing e expeimen wi ieen eigs o nsmie n eeive loe one mee isne om wll. SISO Cpiy Popose NLOS moel Oiginl Fee Spe moel SNR Figue 1: SISO Cnnel Cpiy o ee spe n popose moel 5

12 nnel piy (bps/hz) Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp -5 SISO Cnnel Cpiy o vious equenies 5 5 MHz 5MHz 8MHz 9MHz SNR Figue 11: Te nnel piy vlues o ou ypes o equenies Ae onuing some expeimens oing o e popose moel, e ompison esuls e illuse in Figue 6 o Figue 9. I is sown e peiive e lmos ienil wi expeimenl in ll oios. Expeimenl wi vious eigs n posiions o eeive e moe ue om e s poin unil e ls poin. I sows e popose moel n be eommene o e isne vlue o - mees om e one o e oe oio. Moeove, ompison esuls o SISO nnel piy e lso illuse. Figue 1 sows SISO nnel piy bse on ee spe moel n popose moel.. Te nnel piy vlues o ou ypes o equenies e evlue n ompe bse on popose moel s sown in Figue 11. Aoing o ese esuls, i is lso le e piy gows wen e vlue o SNR beomes ige wi ieen ypes o equenies. 7. Conlusions Te new inoo io wve popgion moels bse on ee spe moel e pesene in is ppe n be use o pei eeive signl seng o plnning wieless newok. All possible eleive ys e onsiee, so e eleion o vlues ue o ese eleive poins e lso lule in is popose moel. Tee e some onee olumns (.67m x.67m) e sie o opene oios. As e eleive ys om ese olumns wee no onsiee in is sysem, ee e some luuion poins in e expeimenl ue o ese olumns. Teeoe ol p losses e moe n in oiginl ee spe moel. So e uve oing o e popose moel is lowe n oing o e oiginl ee spe moel. In e esuls o popose moel, e esuls o e expeimens n peiive om is moel e well oinie wi e oe. In opimizing e nnel piy o SISO sysem, i is n be seen e nnel piy gows s ig s e vlue o SNR wi ieen ypes o equenies nges. Te piy o SISO sysem wi equenies nges o MHz is bee n oe equenies nges. All eleive wlls e ssume s e bik wll o builing. 51

13 Inenionl Jounl o Compue (IJC) (15) Volume 19, No 1, pp Reommenions As e eommenion esuls, expeimenl wi vious eigs n posiions o eeive e ue om e s poin unil e ls poin. I sows e popose moel n be eommene o e isne vlues o -mee om e one o e oe oio. Te popose moel n be pplie in ll ype o inoo io wve popgion o esime eeive signl seng using su builing ype. Moeove, e wieless esigne n esily esime e eeive signl vlues oing o is popose moel wi espe o e isne beween nenns, e eigs o nsmie n e plemens o eeives. As o ue woks, e ieene equenies nges n e ieen ypes o wll e ieen builing e lso neee o onu in vious expeimens. Reeenes [1] H. Zepenik n T. Wysoki,.Mulip nnel pmees o e inoo io. GHz ISM bn, in Po o Te 9 IEEE Veiul Tenology Coneene, vol. 1, pp , Sping [] C. Hung n R. Ky,.Dely spes n nnel ynmis mesuemens ISM bns,. in Coneene eo o e IEEE Inenionl Coneene on Communiions, SUPERCOMM/ICC '9, Disoveing New Wol o Communiions, vol., pp. 1.16, June 199. [] Filip Miks, Snislv Zvánove, Pvel Peč, Mesuemen n Peiion o Signl Popgion o WLAN Sysems, Cze Republi, (7). [] Jon S. Seybol, Inouion o RF Popgion, 5. [5] T. S. Rpppo, Wieless Communiions: Piniple & Pie. New Jesey: Penie Hll In., [6] W. C. Jkes, J., Miowve Mobile Communiions. New Yok: Wiley 197. [7] Wieless ommuniions n Newoking by VIJAY GARG. [8] A Memil Teoy o Communiions. Snnon, C. E. Vols. Bell Sysems Tenil Jounl, vol. 7, 198, pp. 79- n [9] Rio Popgion Moeling, p://mose.oloo.eu/~len551/ ex/lssweb.ml.. 5