Correlation to Minnesota Academic Standards: Science CPO Science Foundations of Physics, 2nd Ed. Student Text and Investigation Manual

Transcription

1 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Explain the implications of the assumption that the rules of the universe are the same everywhere and these rules can be discovered by careful and systematic investigation. 17 the search for scientific knowledge 18 scientific theories and facts 20 learning physics through inquiry 22 the nature of scientific knowledge 33 problems in the real world use both metric and English units 3 inquiry and optical illusions 5 scientific evidence and sound 29 set up the ultimate pulley 38 designing an experiment 50 perform experiment 50 follow the scientific method 77 investigate motion on a roller coaster 74 strobe photography 80 set up the straight track 95 antilock braking systems 102 applications of Newton's first law 112 examples of Newton's third law in the real world 126 reducing friction and hovercraft and maglev trains 80 investigate motion on a roller coaster 92 explain the physics of a diver s somersaults 97 design and test a way to increase natural frequency 105 how does sound get through tiny cracks? 127 friction is useful for brakes and tires 146 explain how polarizing sunglasses work 131 jack-in-the-box uses a spring 134 design of structures 140 examples of scalars Page 1 of 120

2 152 kicked soccer ball acts as a projectile launched at an angle 153 hang time 155 example of gymnast for forces applied at an angle 160 robot navigation application 161 inertial navigation system 166 examples of objects moving in a circle 169 speedometers and odometers 171 centripetal force at the amusement park 176 the orbits of planets and comets 177 satellite motion application 178 HEO and geostationary orbit 189 SUV rollovers and center of gravity 194 bicycle physics application 233 output power from plants is input power for animals 249 accident reconstruction 254 angular momentum of skater spinning and diver Page 2 of 120

3 256 gyroscopes and angular momentum 264 finding a basic cycle of harmonic motion 265 examples of oscillators 272 why airplanes have tails 281 wing-beat cycle of a hummingbird 284 examples of waves 312 stereo sound 321 understanding human hearing 345 glow-in-the-dark plastic 359 rainbows are an example of dispersion 369 the compound microscope 387 polarized sunglasses and LCD computer screens 412 breakdown voltage and lightning 420 holiday lights wired in series 423 why aren't birds electrocuted? 432 paying for electricity 435 wiring application 435 circuits in your house Page 3 of 120

4 440 charge of everyday objects 452 almost all electric appliances use capacitors 455 cameras use capacitors to supply energy for flash bulbs 470 how does a compass work? 478 an experiment with a wire and compass 480 where coils are used 484 electromagnet in a toaster 485 building an electromagnet with wire and a nail 489 experiment demonstrating electromagnetic induction 549 windchill factor 582 deep water submarine Alvin application 621 exposure to UV radiation 644 proof of Einstein's theory of general relativity 645 astronomers find black holes by what is around them 646 a standard model for particle physics Page 4 of 120

5 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Understand that scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons: to discover new aspects of the natural world, to explain recently observed phenomena 17 the search for scientific knowledge 18 scientific theories and facts 20 learning physics through inquiry 22 the nature of scientific knowledge 3 inquiry and optical illusions 5 scientific evidence and sound 38 designing an experiment 94 design an experiment 176 the orbits of planets and comets 233 output power from plants is input power for animals 265 examples of oscillators 281 wing-beat cycle of a hummingbird 454 making a simple capacitor 462 scientists have never found single magnetic poles 582 deep water submarine Alvin application 590 understanding how gravity works inside atoms 605 the meaning of the uncertainty principle 637 areas of active research in physics Page 5 of 120

6 640 unresolved questions of history of universe 641 research on future of the universe 644 proof of Einstein's theory of general relativity 645 astronomers find black holes by what is around them 646 a standard model for particle physics The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Explain how the traditions and norms of science define the bounds of professional scientific practice and reveal instances of scientific error or misconduct. 49 writing procedures in a lab notebook helps make sure your results are repeatable 142 communicate your findings Page 6 of 120

7 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Explain how societal and scientific ethics impact research practices. 218 environmental impacts of hydroelectric power 219 efficiency of the Hoover Dam 239 advantages of tidal energy 414 environmental impact of auto pollution 167 the cost of using electrical appliances 618 power released by radioactive decay 621 sources of radiation in the environment 621 human technology contributes to radiation in environment 628 nuclear waste 631 nuclear power application 632 nuclear energy 632 nuclear energy 632 nuclear waste 634 comparison of fission and fusion Page 7 of 120

8 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Identify sources of bias and how bias might influence the direction of research and the interpretation of data. 46 why accuracy and precision are important 46 accuracy and precision of measurements 51 using a graphical model to make a prediction and checking the model's accuracy 319 frequency spectrum 520 since wood is created from other matter it must not be a fundamental substance 8 significant digit practice 11 collecting data with precision 24 compare calculation with graph estimate 24 how do you measured positions compare to model? 41 use your graph to make a prediction 42 use your graph to make a prediction 47 predict exact landing location 50 how does the measurement compare to your prediction? 74 as mechanical advantage increases what happens to length of pulled string? 77 predict where the car moves fastest 78 what does the graph tell you? 94 analyze data 132 are there differences between your prediction and measurement? Page 8 of 120

9 153 predict what the current will be 154 did battery voltage change? Page 9 of 120

10 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Describe how changes in scientific knowledge generally occur in incremental steps that include and build on earlier knowledge. 48 Galileo and Newton conducted experiments with balls on ramps 50 constructing a graph 51 graphical models 51 using a graphical model to make a prediction and checking the model's accuracy 100 Newton's laws of motion 103 Newton's discovery of the connection between force and mass and acceleration 18 describe the graph 18 create a graph 24 compare calculation with graph estimate 24 how do you measured positions compare to model? 41 make a graph 42 make a graph 50 sketch four graphs 50 how does the measurement compare to your prediction? 174 Sir Isaac Newton and law of universal gravitation 312 the process of digital sound reproduction 319 frequency spectrum 65 create a graph 78 create a graph of speed vs. position 94 make three different graphs 371 Galileo and telescopes 100 sketch a graph 372 Newtonian reflecting telescope 404 Ben Franklin and current 433 the waveform of AC electricity 132 are there differences between your prediction and measurement? 157 graph voltage vs. current 158 graph voltage vs. current 442 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 178 make a graph of voltage vs. time 187 create a graph Page 10 of 120

11 602 Newton and classical physics 614 Marie Curie 615 Henri Bequerel and beta rays 195 make a graph of voltage vs. number of magnets 198 make a current vs. voltage graph for the diode Page 11 of 120

12 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Science is a way of knowing about the natural world that is characterized by empirical criteria, logical argument and skeptical review. Explain how scientific and technological innovations as well as new evidence can challenge portions of, or entire accepted theories and models including, but not limited to: cell theory, atomic theory 25 putting forth ideas and then testing them 46 why accuracy and precision are important 48 Galileo and Newton conducted experiments with balls on ramps 100 Newton's laws of motion 103 Newton's discovery of the connection between force and mass and acceleration 174 Sir Isaac Newton and law of universal gravitation 328 explain why hearing can be damaged by loud sounds 18 what do the results tell you? 50 what would happen if...? 50 test your prediction 77 where does the marble move the fastest? 92 explain your observations 100 explain how force applied causes the response 103 explain why higher tension makes waves move faster 105 explain how wind might cause big waves in water 124 explain how the colored filters work 345 using glow-in-the-dark plastic to demonstrate photon energy levels 371 Galileo and telescopes 127 do your observations support this hypothesis? 153 what conclusions can you draw? 372 Newtonian reflecting telescope 154 analyze data and explain a rule 404 Ben Franklin and current 442 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 445 charge by friction 521 development of atomic theory Page 12 of 120

13 602 Newton and classical physics 614 Marie Curie 615 Henri Bequerel and beta rays Page 13 of 120

14 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Scientific inquiry uses multiple interrelated processes to investigate and explain the natural world. Formulate a testable hypothesis, design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyze the data, consider alternative explanations and draw conclusions supported by evidence from the investigation. 17 hypotheses and the importance of experiments 25 putting forth ideas and then testing them 25 the usefulness of phlogiston theory despite being incorrect 49 control and experimental variables 49 writing lab procedures 50 dependent and independent variables in graphs 51 checking a graphical model's accuracy 93 parachutes and air resistance 125 evaluating perpetual motion claims 264 finding a basic cycle of harmonic motion 273 changing the natural frequency of a stretched rubber band 345 using glow-in-the-dark plastic to demonstrate photon energy levels 445 charge by friction 454 making a simple capacitor 50 write a procedure 50 perform experiment 50 follow the scientific method 50 test your prediction 57 formulate a hypothesis 77 form a hypothesis 77 investigate motion on a roller coaster 77 where does the marble move the fastest? 80 investigate motion on a roller coaster 91 write a hypothesis 94 determine which variable has the greatest effect 94 design an experiment 94 dependent and independent variables 94 plan three experiments to determine which variable affects the period of a pendulum 102 what is it that moves in the case of a wave? 110 reliability of a double-blind test Page 14 of 120

15 478 an experiment with a wire and compass 485 building an electromagnet with wire and a nail 489 experiment demonstrating electromagnetic induction 110 did the method give an accurate result? 127 do your observations support this hypothesis? 194 variables that affect the performance of the generator Page 15 of 120

16 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Scientific inquiry uses multiple interrelated processes to investigate and explain the natural world. Evaluate the explanations proposed by others by examining and comparing evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the scientifically acceptable evidence, and suggesting alternative scientific explanations. 25 putting forth ideas and then testing them 46 why accuracy and precision are important 50 graphs are a way of representing data 50 constructing a graph 51 graphical models 52 recognizing patterns using graphs 268 understanding graphs of harmonic motion 312 the process of digital sound reproduction 326 comparison of wave forms from guitar sounds 18 create a graph 18 what do the results tell you? 18 describe the graph 41 calculate percent difference 41 make a graph 42 make a graph 42 calculate percent difference 50 test your prediction 50 sketch four graphs 50 calculate percent difference 50 what would happen if...? 328 explain why hearing can be damaged by loud sounds 329 decibel level vs. frequency graph for human hearing 345 using glow-in-the-dark plastic to demonstrate photon energy levels 433 the waveform of AC electricity 445 charge by friction 65 create a graph 77 where does the marble move the fastest? 78 create a graph of speed vs. position 92 explain your observations 94 make three different graphs 95 calculate percent error 100 sketch a graph Page 16 of 120

17 449 diagramming electric fields using field lines 465 diagramming magnetic fields using magnetic field lines 501 current vs.voltage graph for a transistor 100 explain how force applied causes the response 103 explain why higher tension makes waves move faster 105 explain how wind might cause big waves in water 124 explain how the colored filters work 127 do your observations support this hypothesis? 153 what conclusions can you draw? 154 analyze data and explain a rule 157 graph voltage vs. current 158 graph voltage vs. current 178 make a graph of voltage vs. time 187 create a graph 195 make a graph of voltage vs. number of magnets 198 make a current vs. voltage graph for the diode Page 17 of 120

18 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Scientific inquiry uses multiple interrelated processes to investigate and explain the natural world. Identify the critical assumptions and logic used in a line of reasoning to judge the validity of a claim. 48 Galileo and Newton conducted experiments with balls on ramps 100 Newton's laws of motion 103 Newton's discovery of the connection between force and mass and acceleration 174 Sir Isaac Newton and law of universal gravitation 328 explain why hearing can be damaged by loud sounds 371 Galileo and telescopes 372 Newtonian reflecting telescope 404 Ben Franklin and current 442 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 18 what do the results tell you? 50 what would happen if...? 92 explain your observations 100 explain how force applied causes the response 103 explain why higher tension makes waves move faster 105 explain how wind might cause big waves in water 124 explain how the colored filters work 153 what conclusions can you draw? 154 analyze data and explain a rule 602 Newton and classical physics 614 Marie Curie 615 Henri Bequerel and beta rays Page 18 of 120

19 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Science Scientific inquiry uses multiple interrelated processes to investigate and explain the natural world. Use primary sources or scientific writings to identify and explain how different types of questions and their associated methodologies are used by scientists for investigations in different disciplines. 49 writing procedures in a lab notebook helps make sure your results are repeatable 142 communicate your findings 142 research types of electromagnetic waves Page 19 of 120

20 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Engineering Engineering is a way of addressing human needs by applying science concepts and mathematical techniques to develop new products, tools, processes and systems. Understand that engineering designs and products must be continually checked and critiqued for alternatives, risks, costs and benefits, so that subsequent designs are refined and improved. 84 acceleration of cars 135 test and evaluate the prototype structure design 135 the engineering design cycle 210 perpetual motion machines 314 sound in space 394 holograms and science fiction special effects 411 electrical devices are designed to operate at a certain voltage 565 evaluate three designs for a bridge 565 failure analysis in the design process 167 analyze electric appliance labels 167 find power rating of appliances and estimate cost 190 evaluate the performance of motor designs 191 apply steps of the design cycle to building different electric motors 195 suggest improvements you could make to the generator design 203 designing and building logic circuits 243 research energy used per person 598 transporter beams 621 sources of radiation in the environment 632 nuclear waste Page 20 of 120

21 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Engineering Engineering is a way of addressing human needs by applying science concepts and mathematical techniques to develop new products, tools, processes and systems. Recognize that risk analysis is used to determine the potential positive and negative consequences of using a new technology or design, including the evaluation of causes and effects of failures. 213 calculate the potential energy of a cart 214 calculating kinetic energy depends on speed and mass 215 calculate the kinetic energy of a moving car 219 calculating energy supplied by Hoover Dam 229 power is the rate of doing work or using energy 147 when does special relativity become important? 230 units of power 231 calculating power for common devices 233 estimate average input power of a person 238 estimating the energy in tides 242 calculate energy and power for humans 336 Einstein's theory of relativity 388 relationship between matter and energy and time and space 389 speed of light paradox 390 speed and time and clocks Page 21 of 120

22 391 consequences of time dilation 393 simultaneity depends on the relative motion of your frame of reference 524 elements past #92 are radioactive and decay 592 use of radioactive isotopes in medicine 592 radioactive isotopes 614 radioactive decay 616 energy and radioactivity 618 carbon dating 622 x-ray machines 623 CAT scans 632 nuclear energy 642 Einstein's theory and gravity and inertial mass 644 general relativity and curved space-time 645 black holes and general relativity Page 22 of 120

23 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Engineering Engineering is a way of addressing human needs by applying science concepts and mathematical techniques to develop new products, tools, processes and systems. Explain and give examples of how, in the design of a device or process, engineers consider how it is to be manufactured, operated, maintained, replaced and disposed of. 53 use of nanotechnology 73 analyzing motion with video and strobe photography 94 antilock brakes application 134 designing a bridge 134 relationship between science and engineering and technology 191 apply steps of the design cycle to building different electric motors 203 designing and building logic circuits 135 the engineering design cycle 160 use of robots 177 geostationary satellites 194 bicycle physics application 218 hydroelectric power application 231 range of power for common devices 238 energy from ocean tides 239 research into tidal power 250 seat belts and air bags 257 jet engines application 265 oscillators are used in communications and music and clocks 279 quartz crystals application Page 23 of 120

24 285 waves can carry information 315 uses of Doppler radar 333 invention of electric light 347 the printing press 371 the telescope 391 technological advances have allowed discovery of the expanding universe 394 holography application 400 importance of electricity 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 435 wiring application 451 electron beam accelerators 473 MRI application 494 maglev train application 495 how magplanes levitate 512 why computers are useful 514 computers and electronic addition of numbers application 538 refrigerator application Page 24 of 120

25 556 energy-efficient building application 565 failure analysis in the design process 582 deep water submarine Alvin application 607 laser application 615 smoke detectors 621 sources of radiation in the environment 623 creation of CAT scans 631 nuclear power application 632 nuclear waste Page 25 of 120

26 The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Engineering Engineering design is an analytical and creative process of devising a product or solution to meet a need or solve a specific problem. Identify a problem and the associated constraints on possible design solutions. 73 analyzing motion with video and strobe photography 134 relationship between science and engineering and technology 135 test and evaluate the prototype structure design 135 the engineering design cycle 135 build and test a prototype structure out of toothpicks 135 conceptual design for a bridge 194 bicycle physics application 265 oscillators are used in communications and music and clocks 285 waves can carry information 391 technological advances have allowed discovery of the expanding universe 94 design an experiment 95 design and construct a pendulum 97 create a system that oscillates 190 evaluate the performance of motor designs 191 design and test different electric motors 191 propose solutions that will work for each disk 191 apply steps of the design cycle to building different electric motors 195 suggest improvements you could make to the generator design 203 designing and building logic circuits 225 build an air-speed tester 394 holography application 411 electrical devices are designed to operate at a certain voltage 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application Page 26 of 120

27 451 electron beam accelerators 454 making a simple capacitor 494 maglev train application 495 how magplanes levitate 514 computers and electronic addition of numbers application 538 refrigerator application 565 evaluate three designs for a bridge 565 failure analysis in the design process 582 deep water submarine Alvin application 607 laser application 615 smoke detectors The Nature of Science and Engineering/The Practice of Engineering Engineering design is an analytical and creative process of devising a product or solution to meet a need or solve a specific problem. Develop possible solutions to an engineering problem and evaluate them using conceptual, physical and mathematical models to determine the extent to which the solutions meet the design specifications. 123 a model for friction 124 a model for static friction 135 conceptual design for a bridge 352 optics and optical instruments 514 the binary number system and its use in computers 24 model for uniform accelerated motion 29 interpret setup diagram 97 draw a sketch of your system 105 sketch the wave fronts 191 propose solutions that will work for each disk Page 27 of 120

28 The Nature of Natural and Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society designed systems are made up of components that act within a system and interact with other systems. Describe a system, including specifications of boundaries and subsystems, relationships to other systems, and identification of inputs and expected outputs. 108 zero net force in equilibrium 121 weight in equilibrium problems 128 definition of equilibrium 130 applications of equilibrium 133 equilibrium and reaction or normal forces 29 system of Atwood s machine 51 forces in equilibrium 75 compare output and input work 137 understanding of equilibrium 155 equilibrium of forces and balancing forces 185 rotational equilibrium 197 explain rotational equilibrium 210 for all machines work out cannot exceed work in 224 processes 226 natural systems and efficiency 227 efficiency of plants 228 reversible and irreversible processes 232 power in natural systems 234 energy flow in systems Page 28 of 120

29 235 breaking down an energy flow system into processes 236 steady state energy balance of Earth 236 natural systems work in cycles 237 food webs and ecosystems 270 harmonic motion and equilibrium 272 stable and unstable equilibrium 273 restoring forces and inertia affect natural frequency 286 equilibrium level of waves 469 the magnetic field of Earth 471 shifting and reversal of Earth's magnetic poles 544 thermal equilibrium 550 convection in the ocean 588 knowing structure of atom Page 29 of 120

30 The Nature of Natural and Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society designed systems are made up of components that act within a system and interact with other systems. Identify properties of a system that are different from those of its parts but appear because of the interaction of those parts. 212 conversions of energy 216 conservation of energy explained 216 energy transformations 216 the law of conservation of energy 217 conservation of energy in a closed system 29 system of Atwood s machine 86 draw an energy flow diagram 218 energy transformation hydroelectric plant 224 efficiency and energy conversions 224 processes 225 efficiency and conservation of energy 226 natural systems and efficiency 227 efficiency of plants 227 efficiency in biological systems 228 reversible and irreversible processes 228 connection between efficiency and time 232 power in natural systems 234 energy conversion 234 energy flow in systems Page 30 of 120

31 235 the conversion process of energy flow 235 breaking down an energy flow system into processes 236 natural systems work in cycles 237 energy flows in biological systems 237 food webs and ecosystems 241 energy flow of a model solar car 249 kinetic energy conservation for elastic collisions 278 resonant systems accumulate energy 299 waves propagate by exchanging energy between two forms 342 photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy 346 light from chemical reactions 378 electromagnetic waves exchange energy between electricity and magnetic parts Page 31 of 120

32 392 relationship and conservation of mass and energy 415 conversion of energy in regenerative braking 422 energy conversions in a series circuit 469 the magnetic field of Earth 471 shifting and reversal of Earth's magnetic poles 473 MRI--energy exchange by a nucleus in a magnetic field 486 electric motor uses electromagnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy 489 electric generators transform mechanical energy into electric energy 491 energy conservation and Faraday's law 537 thermodynamics and conservation of energy 550 convection in the ocean 574 conservation of energy in fluids 575 energy conservation and Bernoulli's equation Page 32 of 120

33 588 knowing structure of atom 629 conservation of energy in nuclear reactions Page 33 of 120

34 The Nature of Natural and Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society designed systems are made up of components that act within a system and interact with other systems. Describe how positive and/or negative feedback occur in systems. 212 conversions of energy 216 energy transformations 218 energy transformation hydroelectric plant 224 efficiency and energy conversions 224 processes 29 system of Atwood s machine 86 draw an energy flow diagram 226 natural systems and efficiency 227 efficiency in biological systems 227 efficiency of plants 228 reversible and irreversible processes 232 power in natural systems 234 energy flow in systems 234 energy conversion 235 the conversion process of energy flow 236 natural systems work in cycles 237 food webs and ecosystems 241 energy flow of a model solar car 278 resonant systems accumulate energy Page 34 of 120

35 299 waves propagate by exchanging energy between two forms 342 photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy 346 light from chemical reactions 378 electromagnetic waves exchange energy between electricity and magnetic parts 415 conversion of energy in regenerative braking 422 energy conversions in a series circuit 469 the magnetic field of Earth 471 shifting and reversal of Earth's magnetic poles 473 MRI--energy exchange by a nucleus in a magnetic field 486 electric motor uses electromagnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy 489 electric generators transform mechanical energy into electric energy 538 refrigerator application Page 35 of 120

36 550 convection in the ocean 557 sources of heat transfer in buildings 588 knowing structure of atom The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Men and women throughout the history of all cultures, including Minnesota American Indian tribes and communities, have been involved in scientific inquiry and engineering design. Provide examples of how diverse cultures, including natives from all of the Americas, have contributed scientific and mathematical ideas and technological inventions. Will be featured in ancillary component 462 magnetism 469 history of magnetism 523 ancient Greeks' ideas of elements Will be featured in ancillary component Page 36 of 120

37 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Men and women throughout the history of all cultures, including Minnesota American Indian tribes and communities, have been involved in scientific inquiry and engineering design. Analyze possible careers in science and engineering in terms of education requirements, working practices and rewards. 53 nanotechnology is a new area of science and engineering 73 slow motion photography 74 strobe photography 113 biomechanical engineer 113 careers in biomechanics 114 biomechanist 134 mechanical engineer 239 engineering research 249 police forensic scientists 303 wave mathematician 311 careers in acoustics 394 artist and holography 426 electrical engineers 520 search for answers in physics and chemistry 582 marine scientists and deepwater submersible 650 scientists and the Large Hadron Collider Page 37 of 120

38 The Nature of Science and Science and engineering Engineering/Interacti operate in the ons context of society Among Science, and both influence Technology, and are influenced Engineering, by this context. Mathematics, and Society Describe how values and constraints affect science and engineering. 53 use of nanotechnology 73 analyzing motion with video and strobe photography 74 Dr. Harold Edgerton and strobe photography 74 Dr. Harold Edgerton and strobe photography 94 antilock brakes application 113 biomechanics application 114 applications of biomechanics 95 design and construct a pendulum 97 create a system that oscillates 191 design and test different electric motors 191 apply steps of the design cycle to building different electric motors 203 designing and building logic circuits 225 build an air-speed tester 134 designing a bridge 134 relationship between science and engineering and technology 135 the engineering design cycle 135 build and test a prototype structure out of toothpicks 160 use of robots 177 first artificial human-made Earth satellite was Sputnik 177 geostationary satellites 194 bicycle physics application 200 Great Pyramid of Giza and simple machines Page 38 of 120

39 218 hydroelectric power application 231 range of power for common devices 238 energy from ocean tides 239 research into tidal power 250 seat belts and air bags 257 jet engines application 265 oscillators are used in communications and music and clocks 279 Pierre and Jacques Curie and the piezoelectric effect 279 quartz crystals application 285 waves can carry information 291 wave motion and equilibrium 312 technological breakthrough of sound recording 315 uses of Doppler radar 332 past theories of light 333 invention of electric light 347 the printing press 347 history of printing Page 39 of 120

40 370 the usefulness of recorded images 371 the telescope 371 the telescope 383 Young's double-slit experiment 390 Einstein's thinking revolutionized physics 391 technological advances have allowed discovery of the expanding universe 394 holography application 400 importance of electricity 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 435 wiring application 451 electron beam accelerators 469 discovering and using magnetism 473 MRI application 494 maglev train application 495 how magplanes levitate 512 why computers are useful Page 40 of 120

41 514 computers and electronic addition of numbers application 523 search for elements and alchemy 538 refrigerator application 556 energy-efficient building application 565 failure analysis in the design process 582 deep water submarine Alvin application 583 the Alvin research submarine 597 discovery of helium 607 laser application 615 smoke detectors 623 creation of CAT scans 625 turning lead into gold 631 nuclear power application Page 41 of 120

42 The Nature of Science and Science and engineering Engineering/Interacti operate in the ons context of society Among Science, and both influence Technology, and are influenced Engineering, by this context. Mathematics, and Society Communicate, justify and defend the procedures and results of a scientific inquiry or engineering design project using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual or written means. 49 writing procedures in a lab notebook helps make sure your results are repeatable 129 drawing free-body diagrams 138 draw a free-body diagram 147 drawing the velocity vector 234 making an energy flow diagram 142 communicate your findings 142 present your findings 205 display information you found for your element 355 drawing a ray diagram 364 drawing ray diagrams of lenses 402 circuit diagrams and electrical symbols 449 drawing the electric field using field lines 465 diagramming magnetic fields using magnetic field lines Page 42 of 120

43 The Nature of Science and Science and engineering Engineering/Interacti operate in the ons context of society Among Science, and both influence Technology, and are influenced Engineering, by this context. Mathematics, and Society Describe how scientific investigations and engineering processes require multi-disciplinary contributions and efforts. 33 problems in the real world use both metric and English units 74 strobe photography 95 antilock braking systems 102 applications of Newton's first law 92 explain the physics of a diver s somersaults 105 how does sound get through tiny cracks? 146 explain how polarizing sunglasses work 112 examples of Newton's third law in the real world 126 reducing friction and hovercraft and maglev trains 127 friction is useful for brakes and tires 131 jack-in-the-box uses a spring 134 design of structures 140 examples of scalars 152 kicked soccer ball acts as a projectile launched at an angle 153 hang time 155 example of gymnast for forces applied at an angle 160 robot navigation application 161 inertial navigation system Page 43 of 120

44 166 examples of objects moving in a circle 169 speedometers and odometers 171 centripetal force at the amusement park 177 satellite motion application 178 HEO and geostationary orbit 189 SUV rollovers and center of gravity 194 bicycle physics application 249 accident reconstruction 254 angular momentum of skater spinning and diver 256 gyroscopes and angular momentum 272 why airplanes have tails 284 examples of waves 312 stereo sound 321 understanding human hearing 345 glow-in-the-dark plastic 359 rainbows are an example of dispersion 369 the compound microscope Page 44 of 120

45 387 polarized sunglasses and LCD computer screens 412 breakdown voltage and lightning 420 holiday lights wired in series 423 why aren't birds electrocuted? 432 paying for electricity 435 wiring application 435 circuits in your house 440 charge of everyday objects 452 almost all electric appliances use capacitors 455 cameras use capacitors to supply energy for flash bulbs 470 how does a compass work? 480 where coils are used 484 electromagnet in a toaster 549 windchill factor 621 exposure to UV radiation Page 45 of 120

46 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Describe how technological problems and advances often create a demand for new scientific knowledge, improved mathematics and new technologies. 53 use of nanotechnology 73 analyzing motion with video and strobe photography 94 antilock brakes application 134 designing a bridge 134 relationship between science and engineering and technology 160 use of robots 177 geostationary satellites 194 bicycle physics application 218 hydroelectric power application 231 range of power for common devices 238 energy from ocean tides 239 research into tidal power 250 seat belts and air bags 257 jet engines application 265 oscillators are used in communications and music and clocks 279 quartz crystals application 285 waves can carry information 315 uses of Doppler radar Page 46 of 120

47 333 invention of electric light 347 the printing press 371 the telescope 391 technological advances have allowed discovery of the expanding universe 394 holography application 400 importance of electricity 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 414 hybrid gas/electric cars application 435 wiring application 451 electron beam accelerators 473 MRI application 494 maglev train application 495 how magplanes levitate 512 why computers are useful 514 computers and electronic addition of numbers application 538 refrigerator application 556 energy-efficient building application 582 deep water submarine Alvin application Page 47 of 120

48 607 laser application 615 smoke detectors 623 creation of CAT scans 631 nuclear power application The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Determine and use appropriate safety procedures, tools, computers and measurement instruments in science and engineering contexts. Lab safety symbols and instructions are found in the investigation manual on the page before TOC 91 safety note 150 safety precautions 152 safety precautions 176 safety note 186 safety note 187 electromagnet safety 218 safety tip 226 gas pressure safety note Page 48 of 120

49 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Select and use appropriate numeric, symbolic, pictorial, or graphical representation to communicate scientific ideas, procedures and experimental results. 32 measuring distance 46 accuracy and precision of measurements 50 constructing a graph 51 graphical models 82 creating the acceleration formula from experiments 7 estimating length 11 accuracy and resolution and printing 18 describe the graph 18 create a graph 24 uniform acceleration model 88 developing the formulas for a model of motion with constant acceleration 164 finding x and y components of velocity for model rocket 26 find the average time 26 create an algebraic model 28 record position and time data 41 make a graph 304 write a formula relating velocity of wave to period and wavelength 312 the process of digital sound reproduction 334 light intensity follows an inverse square law 433 the waveform of AC electricity 434 average voltage and current of AC power 42 make a graph 50 create algebraic model 50 sketch four graphs 50 measure and record the distance 58 write a formula 65 create a graph 70 measure input and output forces 74 as mechanical advantage increases what happens to length of pulled string? 78 record data in table Page 49 of 120

50 78 create a graph of speed vs. position 78 what does the graph tell you? 80 calculate average of three times 80 measure vertical distance 83 record data in table 84 calculate average work and power 94 make three different graphs 94 record your data in table 94 create data table for selfdesigned experiment 94 analyze data 94 measure the length of the string 100 sketch a graph 107 give an equation that describes your observations 154 did battery voltage change? 157 graph voltage vs. current 158 graph voltage vs. current Page 50 of 120

51 178 make a graph of voltage vs. time 187 create a graph 195 make a graph of voltage vs. number of magnets 198 make a current vs. voltage graph for the diode 223 Bernoulli s equation Page 51 of 120

52 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Relate the reliability of data to consistency of results, identify sources of error, and suggest ways to improve data collection and analysis. 46 why accuracy and precision are important 49 controlling variables in experiments 51 using a graphical model to make a prediction and checking the model's accuracy 319 frequency spectrum 24 compare calculation with graph estimate 24 how do you measured positions compare to model? 41 use your graph to make a prediction 41 calculate percent difference 520 since wood is created from other matter it must not be a fundamental substance 42 use your graph to make a prediction 42 calculate percent difference 47 predict exact landing location 50 calculate percent difference 50 discuss sources of error 50 how does the measurement compare to your prediction? 52 discuss sources of errors 77 predict where the car moves fastest 95 calculate percent error 132 are there differences between your prediction and measurement? Page 52 of 120

53 153 predict what the current will be Page 53 of 120

54 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Demonstrate how unit consistency and dimensional analysis can guide the calculation of quantitative solutions and verification of results. 32 measuring distance 32 measurements of distance in units of length 33 scientists use metric units 33 description of length measured in English and metric systems 34 converting units using dimensional analysis 46 accuracy and precision of measurements 46 accuracy and precision of measurements 81 determining units of acceleration 104 units of force are pounds and newtons 7 estimating length 8 practice length measurement 8 significant digit practice 11 accuracy and resolution and printing 14 make distance measurement 25 measure the distance 27 find length in centimeters 40 measure the new position 50 measure and record the distance 70 measure input and output forces 73 measure string length 105 understanding units for using Newton's second law 186 torque in English units 266 frequency is measured in hertz 404 unit of electric current is the ampere or amp (A) 405 voltage is measured in volts (V) 77 measure vertical distance 80 measure vertical distance 83 measure and mark height 90 make the string 70 cm long 94 measure the length of the string 106 measure frequency 109 measure frequency Page 54 of 120

55 409 electrical resistance is measured in ohms 430 measuring power in watts 431 units of watts and horsepower used in electrical circuits 432 electric companies charge for kilowatt-hours used 442 coulomb is the unit of charge 443 one ampere is the flow of one coulomb per second 535 joules and calories and Btus 152 measure current in a circuit 153 measure voltage in a circuit 160 measure voltage and current in series circuits 175 investigate electrical forces in a penny 191 measure direct current 192 measure voltage of battery pack 193 measure voltage 198 measure current and voltage 200 measure current and voltage Page 55 of 120

56 The Nature of Science and Engineering/Interacti ons Among Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Society Science, technology, engineering and mathematics rely on each other to enhance knowledge and understanding. Analyze the strengths and limitations of physical, conceptual, mathematical and computer models used by scientists and engineers. 50 constructing a graph 51 graphical models 123 a model for friction 124 a model for static friction 312 the process of digital sound reproduction 352 optics and optical instruments 433 the waveform of AC electricity 514 the binary number system and its use in computers 18 create a graph 18 describe the graph 24 model for uniform accelerated motion 41 make a graph 42 make a graph 50 sketch four graphs 65 create a graph 78 create a graph of speed vs. position 94 make three different graphs 100 sketch a graph 157 graph voltage vs. current 158 graph voltage vs. current 178 make a graph of voltage vs. time 187 create a graph 195 make a graph of voltage vs. number of magnets 198 make a current vs. voltage graph for the diode Page 56 of 120

57 Physical Science/Motion Forces and object mass determine the motion of an object. Recognize that the inertia of an object causes it to resist changes in motion. 38 inertia is an effect of mass 83 any acceleration must come from a force 100 changes in motion only occur through force 27 collect data on Newton s first law 27 study Newton s first law 28 explain how Newton s first law applies 101 descriptions of inertia and Newton's first law 66 investigating rotational inertia 101 all objects tend to resist changes in motion 97 where is the mass that provides inertia? 107 if there is acceleration there must be force 109 forces always come in pairs 116 seat belt problem 116 inertia problem 170 direction of force determines linear or rotational motion 173 centrifugal force is actually an example of inertia 190 Newton's first law and rotational inertia 190 rotational inertia and mass distribution 191 rotational inertia 192 moment of inertia Page 57 of 120

58 244 Newton's first law and momentum 255 moment of inertia examples 271 inertia and restoring force cause harmonic motion 642 inertial mass Page 58 of 120

59 Physical Science/Motion Forces and object mass determine the motion of an object. Explain and calculate the acceleration of an object subjected to a set of forces in one dimension (F=ma). 86 calculate speed in accelerated motion 89 calculate time and distance from acceleration 103 Newton's second law of motion 105 finding the net force 26 derive acceleration equation 29 investigate Newton s second law 52 balancing a specified force 58 consider forces acting on the car 105 calculation using Newton's second law 106 calculating net force 106 Newton's second law and dynamics problems 107 finding force from acceleration 107 force problems 108 zero acceleration means net zero force 115 problems using Newton's first law and second law 121 balanced force problems 125 net force includes the force of friction 128 Newton's second law and net force 128 net force must be zero in equilibrium 129 net force of zero and freebody diagram Page 59 of 120

60 130 use equilibrium to find an unknown force 130 equilibrium and Newton's second law 138 calculate the acceleration of a toy 155 balancing forces in two dimensions 158 calculating acceleration on a ramp 159 the vector form of Newton's second law 159 calculating acceleration from 3-D forces 163 calculate the net force 171 calculating centripetal force 172 formula for centripetal acceleration 191 Newton's second law applies to rotational motion 193 Newton's second law for rotational motion variables 250 Newton's second law relating force and momentum 251 momentum form of Newton's second law Page 60 of 120

61 274 Newton's second law and natural frequency Page 61 of 120

62 Physical Science/Motion Forces and object mass determine the motion of an object. Demonstrate that whenever one object exerts force on another, a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction is exerted by the second object back on the first object. 109 forces always occur in action-reaction pairs 110 Newton's third law operates on pairs of objects 111 solving problems with action-reaction forces 111 identifying which force is acting on which object 124 the normal force as the reaction in an actionreaction pair 32 investigate Newton s third law 34 draw free body diagrams and identify actionreaction pairs 129 forces on a free-body diagram 133 understanding reaction forces in terms of springs and deformation 134 analysis of forces on a bridge 157 normal force of an inclined plane 246 momentum and Newton's third law 447 electric forces always occur in pairs according to Newton's third law 570 Newton's third law and pressure in a fluid 572 pressure and the third law Page 62 of 120

63 579 pressure of gases Physical Science/Motion Forces and object mass determine the motion of an object. Use Newton's universal law of gravitation to describe and calculate the attraction between massive objects based on the distance between them. 174 description of law of universal gravitation 175 formula and calculations for law of universal gravitation 176 orbital motion 180 calculate weight and acceleration due to gravity on Pluto 60 investigate law of universal gravitation 60 calculate gravitational force of attraction 238 tides are due to force of gravity 642 Newton's laws and gravity Page 63 of 120