Organizing Category. Volume Two Investigation Manual Page. Statement. Student Text Page. Grade B1.a Grade 10

Transcription

1 #: B1.a 10 Physics Force and Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies Analyze the relationships among the net forces acting on a body, the mass of the body, and the resulting acceleration using Newton s Second Law of Motion. 48 effect of friction on motion of a ball on a ramp 90 free fall and acceleration due to gravity 91 motion formulas for free fall 92 solving problems with free fall 93 air resistance and terminal speed 93 acceleration of gravity does not depend on mass 94 friction and traction and antilock brakes 100 force is an action that can change motion 103 Newton's second law of motion 25 investigate the effect of gravity 28 were any forces acting on the car? 29 investigate Newton s second law 34 draw a free-body diagram 37 investigate sliding friction 47 analyze the motion of a marble in 2 dimensions 49 investigate the range of a projectile 50 create and test a model to predict the landing spot of a projectile 58 draw a free-body diagram of marble when it is at the top of loop 103 force is related to acceleration 58 consider forces acting on the car 105 calculation using Newton's second law 106 Newton's second law and dynamics problems 71 what effect does friction have on mechanical advantage? 107 force problems 107 finding force from acceleration Page 1 of 61

2 #: 115 problems using Newton's first law and second law 119 strength of gravity on Earth and Jupiter 120 gravity and acceleration and weightlessness 121 balanced force problems 122 the force of friction and the different types of friction 122 friction is a force that resists motion 123 a model for friction 124 calculating the force of friction 125 friction and motion 126 reducing friction force 127 friction applications 128 Newton's second law and net force 129 creating free-body diagrams 130 equilibrium and free-body diagrams 130 use equilibrium to find an unknown force 130 equilibrium and Newton's second law Page 2 of 61

3 #: 134 free-body diagram of a bridge 137 friction of a pulled sled 138 calculate the acceleration of a toy 146 projectiles and trajectories 146 effects of friction on trajectories 150 gravity only accelerates vertical motion 151 vertical motion of a projectile 152 projectiles launched at an angle 153 range of projectiles 155 balancing forces in two dimensions 156 resolving force of gravity in ramp coordinates 157 acceleration down an inclined plane 157 frictional force on an inclined plane 157 inclined planes and freebody diagrams 158 calculating acceleration on a ramp Page 3 of 61

4 #: 158 calculating acceleration on a ramp accounting for friction 159 calculating acceleration from 3-D forces 159 the vector form of Newton's second law 163 effects of gravity on motion of a projectile 164 effects of friction on acceleration 170 centripetal force causes circular motion 171 calculating centripetal force 172 formula for centripetal acceleration 174 law of universal gravitation and orbital motion 176 orbits and gravitational force 177 centripetal force and the law of universal gravitation combine to form the orbit equation 180 compare projectile motion to orbital motion Page 4 of 61

5 #: 187 the motion of a tossed object 188 centers of mass and gravity may differ 191 Newton's second law applies to rotational motion 193 Newton's second law for rotational motion variables 205 friction and mechanical advantage of wheel and axle 206 friction and mechanical advantage of ramps and screws 209 work done against gravity 213 potential energy comes from gravity 250 Newton's second law relating force and momentum 251 momentum form of Newton's second law 267 friction causes damping in oscillators 274 Newton's second law and natural frequency 276 definition of periodic force 278 friction and steady state Page 5 of 61

6 #: B1.b 10 Physics Force and Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies Apply Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation to the forces between two objects. 174 description of law of universal gravitation 175 formula and calculations for law of universal gravitation 176 orbital motion 60 investigate law of universal gravitation 60 calculate gravitational force of attraction 180 calculate weight and acceleration due to gravity on Pluto 238 tides are due to force of gravity 642 Newton's laws and gravity Page 6 of 61

7 #: B1.c 10 Physics Force and Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies Use Newton s Third Law to explain forces as interactions between bodies. 109 forces always occur in action-reaction pairs 110 Newton's third law operates on pairs of objects 32 investigate Newton s third law 34 draw free body diagrams and identify actionreaction pairs 111 solving problems with action-reaction forces 111 identifying which force is acting on which object 124 the normal force as the reaction in an actionreaction pair 129 forces on a free-body diagram 133 understanding reaction forces in terms of springs and deformation 134 analysis of forces on a bridge 157 normal force of an inclined plane 246 momentum and Newton's third law 447 electric forces always occur in pairs according to Newton's third law 570 Newton's third law and pressure in a fluid 572 pressure and the third law Page 7 of 61

8 #: 579 pressure of gases Page 8 of 61

9 #: B1.d 10 Physics Force and Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies Describe how interactions between objects conserve momentum. 244 comparison of kinetic energy and momentum 245 momentum formula and calculating momentum 245 momentum is a vector 246 law of conservation of momentum 87 calculating momentum 87 momentum is a vector 90 which ball had a greater change in momentum? 92 angular momentum behaves like a vector 247 conservation of momentum in collisions 248 applying conservation of momentum 248 solving elastic and inelastic collision problems 249 momentum conservation for collisions in two and three dimensions 251 force on a rocket from change in momentum 252 calculate change in momentum for elastic vs. inelastic collisions 253 conservation of angular momentum examples 254 conservation of angular momentum 257 jet engines work because of conservation of momentum Page 9 of 61

10 #: 258 momentum conservation of turbofan engine 259 why is momentum a vector 260 momentum in billiards 261 calculate momentum 298 natural frequency and harmonics 392 Einstein's thinking about momentum of particles moving near the speed of light 629 conservation of momentum in nuclear reactions Page 10 of 61

11 #: B2.a 10 Physics Energy Storage and Transformations: Conservation Laws Explain how the overall energy flowing through a system remains constant. 211 energy appears in different forms 212 conversions of energy 212 different forms of energy 216 conservation of energy explained 216 the law of conservation of energy 216 energy transformations 78 law of conservation of energy 81 find the total energy at each position 86 draw an energy flow diagram 88 investigating collisions and conservation of energy 217 applying conservation of energy for a marble rolling on a hilly track 217 conservation of energy in a closed system 218 energy transformation hydroelectric plant 219 conservation of energy for Hoover Dam 224 efficiency and energy conversions 225 efficiency and conservation of energy 227 efficiency in biological systems 228 connection between efficiency and time 234 understand basic forms of energy Page 11 of 61

12 #: 234 energy conversion 235 the conversion process of energy flow 237 energy flows in biological systems 241 energy flow of a model solar car 249 kinetic energy conservation for elastic collisions 278 resonant systems accumulate energy 299 waves propagate by exchanging energy between two forms 332 light is a form of energy 342 photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy 344 photons are bundles of light energy 346 light from chemical reactions 378 electromagnetic waves exchange energy between electricity and magnetic parts Page 12 of 61

13 #: 392 relationship and conservation of mass and energy 400 electrical energy 406 batteries use chemical energy 415 conversion of energy in regenerative braking 422 energy conversions in a series circuit 473 MRI--energy exchange by a nucleus in a magnetic field 486 electric motor uses electromagnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy 489 electric generators transform mechanical energy into electric energy 491 energy conservation and Faraday's law 537 thermodynamics and conservation of energy 574 conservation of energy in fluids 574 explanation of pressure and energy Page 13 of 61

14 #: 575 energy conservation and Bernoulli's equation 619 radiation as a flow of energy 622 energy of x-rays 629 conservation of energy in nuclear reactions 647 energy from antimatter B2.b 10 Physics Energy Storage and Transformations: Conservation Laws Describe the work energy theorem. 207 how to calculate work 207 work and energy 209 calculating work done against gravity 75 relationship between work and energy 83 calculate work 84 calculate work done 211 relationship between work and energy 213 the symmetry between work and energy Page 14 of 61

15 #: B2.c 10 Physics Energy Storage and Transformations: Conservation Laws Explain the relationships between work and power. 213 calculate the potential energy of a cart 214 calculating kinetic energy depends on speed and mass 83 calculate person s power 84 calculate power output for each climber 215 calculate the kinetic energy of a moving car 219 calculating energy supplied by Hoover Dam 229 calculate power in climbing stairs 229 power is the rate of doing work or using energy 230 power formulas 230 units of power 231 calculating power for common devices 232 estimating the power in wind 233 power in biological systems 233 estimate average input power of a person 238 estimating the energy in tides 242 calculate power rating 242 calculate energy and power for humans Page 15 of 61

16 #: 431 power and efficiency of electric cars B3.a 10 Physics Heat/Heat Transfer Explain how heat energy will move from a higher temperature to a lower temperature until equilibrium is reached. 531 temperature change and thermal energy 534 temperature and thermal energy and heat 535 transfer of thermal energy 535 balance of thermal energy 536 specific heat and the heat equation 544 thermal equilibrium 544 heat conduction 545 heat conduction 209 use specific heat to identify an unknown metal sample 212 investigate conduction 215 investigate convection in a liquid 216 observing forced convection 217 investigate radiant heat 218 observing radiant energy in action 545 thermal conductors and insulators 546 conduction in solids and liquids and gases 548 convection in liquids 549 convection depends on speed and surface area 550 convection and weather 552 radiation 557 sources of heat transfer in buildings 559 heat flow between objects of different temperature Page 16 of 61

17 #: B3.b 10 Physics Heat/Heat Transfer Analyze the processes of convection, conduction, and radiation between objects or regions that are at different temperatures. 544 heat conduction 545 heat conduction 546 conduction in solids and liquids and gases 548 convection in liquids 549 convection depends on speed and surface area 550 convection and weather 212 investigate conduction 215 investigate convection in a liquid 216 observing forced convection 217 investigate radiant heat 218 observing radiant energy in action 552 radiation 557 sources of heat transfer in buildings Page 17 of 61

18 #: B4.a 10 Physics Electrical and Magnetic Energy Describe quantitatively the relationships between voltage, current, and resistance to electrical energy and power. 404 voltage measures differences in energy 404 electrical current explained 405 voltage is a measure of electric potential energy 405 voltage and potential energy 408 concept of electrical resistance 408 relationship between current and resistance 409 measuring resistance 410 Ohm's law 411 the resistance of electrical devices 412 resistance of conductors and insulators 413 resistors 417 knowing difference between types of resistors 153 explore the concept of voltage 156 study the relationship between resistance and current 156 apply the concept of electrical resistance 156 Ohm s law 157 study the relationship between current and voltage 157 derive Ohm s law from experiment 158 use Ohm s law to calculate the resistance 160 investigate series circuits 160 parallel circuit and Ohm s law 161 determining total resistance in a series circuit 418 calculation of voltage from resistance and current 420 series circuit defined 420 parallel circuit defined 421 adding resistance in a series circuit 161 build a parallel circuit 161 apply Ohm s law to series circuits 162 analyze parallel circuits 200 use Ohm s law to calculate the resistance of the transistor Page 18 of 61

19 #: 421 calculating current in a series circuit using Ohm's law 421 current and resistance in a series circuit 422 voltage in a series circuit 423 parallel circuits 424 voltage and current in a parallel circuit 425 resistance in parallel circuits 425 using Ohm's law in parallel circuits 426 using Ohm's law for circuit analysis 427 voltage dividers 429 solving network circuits 429 calculate currents and voltages in a network circuit 429 solving network circuits 430 voltage definition 430 resistance definition 436 why parallel circuits are used in homes and buildings Page 19 of 61

20 #: 436 why series circuits are not used in homes and buildings 438 using Ohm's law to calculate current 438 calculating resistance in a circuit 453 voltage of a capacitor circuit 501 resistance of a transistor Page 20 of 61

21 #: B4.b 10 Physics Electrical and Magnetic Energy Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism as two aspects of a single electromagnetic force. 378 electricity and magnetism oscillations 434 average power in an electric motor 478 magnetic field of a wire 479 force on a current in a magnetic field 484 electromagnets 485 building an electromagnet 186 build an electromagnet 187 find out what happens to strength of electromagnet when current is increased 187 what happens to the strength of an electromagnet when you increase the current? 188 investigate how an electric motor works 486 principle of the electric motor 193 investigate electromagnetic induction 486 electric motor uses electromagnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy 487 commutation 487 how electromagnets are used in electric motors 488 battery-powered electric motors 489 concept of electromagnetic induction 493 transformers operate on electromagnetic induction 494 electromagnet-based maglev 497 diagram of electromagnet Page 21 of 61

22 #: B5.a 10 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Understand that waves transfer energy without transferring matter. 284 waves transmit energy 285 waves are a form of traveling energy 294 waves transfer energy through absorption 108 waves carry energy from one place to another 144 use a spectrometer to measure wavelength of different colors of light 299 energy of a wave 379 relationship between frequency and energy and color of light 397 relate color to frequency for visible light 552 energy and radiation relationships Page 22 of 61

23 #: B5.b 10 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Compare and contrast the wave nature of light and sound. 284 waves are all around us 286 frequency and amplitude and wavelength in waves 287 concept of speed of a wave 287 wave pulse 288 formula for speed of a wave 289 water waves are transverse and Slinky is longitudinal 289 transverse and longitudinal waves 290 one- and two- and threedimensional waves 297 standing waves on a string 299 energy of a wave is proportional to frequency and amplitude 299 standing waves on a string 299 standing waves are used to store energy 300 wavelength of a standing wave 101 if frequency is increased what happens to total energy? 102 making wave pulses on a string 102 study wave pulses on elastic cord 103 study the speed of the wave pulse 104 making circular waves in a ripple tank 104 making plane waves in a ripple tank 104 is your water wave transverse or longitudinal? 104 make different types of waves in a ripple tank 107 investigate the wavelength of standing waves 107 investigate the frequency of standing waves 109 investigate range of frequencies the ear can detect 300 modes of a wave 301 modes of vibration 124 investigate RGB and CMYK models of color 124 examining the spectrum of a light source Page 23 of 61

24 #: 304 describe relationship between wave characteristics 305 type of wave represented by a spring 308 sound is a wave of pressure 309 how we hear sound waves 309 frequency and pitch of sound 310 relationship of loudness and amplitude and pressure in sound wave 131 study how refraction works 142 research medical and industrial uses of electromagnetic waves 142 study properties of the electromagnetic spectrum 143 study light diffraction patterns 143 study light interference 144 use a spectrometer to measure wavelength of different colors of light 310 loudness and decibels and the sensitivity of the ear 311 vibrations create sound 313 how we know sound is a wave 313 pressure and amplitude of sound waves 313 sound vibrates the eardrum 314 importance of wavelength of sound waves 314 frequency and wavelengths of sound 314 sound is a longitudinal wave Page 24 of 61

25 #: 315 definition of the Doppler effect 316 effect of medium and temperature on speed of sound wave 316 Doppler effect and supersonic and subsonic motion 320 constructing meaning from sound 321 how the ear works 322 music and sound 322 pitch and frequency in music 328 list evidence that sound is a wave 329 understanding of Doppler effect 337 light rays bounce off a surface 337 light rays bounce off a surface 337 light bends as it moves into a material 338 white light is the combination of all the colors 340 the additive color process Page 25 of 61

26 #: 341 the subtractive color process 342 visible light has just the right energy for life 343 the RGB and CMYK color processes are complementary 346 the process of how light is reflected 346 the process of how light is reflected 347 color separations in high quality printing 348 the CMYK four-color printing process 353 prisms separate white light into its colors 354 specular and diffuse reflection 354 specular and diffuse reflection 355 finding the normal line for reflection 355 finding the normal line for reflection 356 refraction is the bending of light rays 358 total internal reflection and the critical angle Page 26 of 61

27 #: 358 total internal reflection and the critical angle 359 prisms and dispersion and rainbows 361 the image formed in a mirror 361 the image formed in a mirror 362 design of a lens 367 diffraction spot size image defect 379 relationship between frequency and energy and color of light 381 descriptions of radio waves and microwaves and infrared rays 382 visible light waves 382 x-rays and gamma rays 383 interference of light waves and Young's double-slit experiment 384 diffraction grating 386 transmission of light through two polarizers 395 holograms and the interference of light Page 27 of 61

28 #: 397 relate color to frequency for visible light 474 MRI uses radio waves 552 absorption of thermal radiation 553 blackbody and perfect absorption of light 596 absorption of light 608 emission and absorption of photons in laser light 638 Doppler effect and red shift Page 28 of 61

29 #: B5.c 10 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Describe the components of the electromagnetic spectrum. 284 waves are all around us 299 standing waves are used to store energy 333 fluorescent bulbs create UV light 142 study properties of the electromagnetic spectrum 142 research medical and industrial uses of electromagnetic waves 342 the energy of IR and UV light 342 visible light has just the right energy for life 381 description and examples of infrared waves 381 descriptions of radio waves and microwaves and infrared rays 382 description and examples of ultraviolet waves 382 visible light waves 382 x-rays and gamma rays 474 MRI uses radio waves 553 thermal radiation and infrared light 624 UV light is ionizing radiation Page 29 of 61

30 #: B5.d 10 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Describe the difference between sound and light waves. 286 frequency and amplitude and wavelength in waves 287 speed of a wave vs. speed of its medium 287 concept of speed of a wave 288 formula for speed of a wave 289 transverse and longitudinal waves 291 propogation of waves through continuous materials 299 energy of a wave is proportional to frequency and amplitude 101 if frequency is increased what happens to total energy? 103 study the speed of the wave pulse 104 is your water wave transverse or longitudinal? 107 investigate the wavelength of standing waves 107 investigate the frequency of standing waves 109 investigate range of frequencies the ear can detect 300 modes of a wave 300 wavelength of a standing wave 301 modes of vibration 304 describe relationship between wave characteristics 305 type of wave represented by a spring 306 which direction does a cork move on a water wave? Page 30 of 61

31 #: 308 sound is a wave of pressure 309 how we hear sound waves 310 loudness and decibels and the sensitivity of the ear 311 vibrations create sound 313 how we know sound is a wave 313 sound vibrates the eardrum 314 sound is a longitudinal wave 314 importance of wavelength of sound waves 316 speed of sound in different materials 316 effect of medium and temperature on speed of sound wave 320 constructing meaning from sound 321 how the ear works 322 music and sound 328 list evidence that sound is a wave 337 mirrors 338 light and energy Page 31 of 61

32 #: 344 the photon theory of light 352 light rays indicate the path light travels 353 mirrors reflect light 353 lenses bend light 354 the image in a mirror Page 32 of 61

33 #: B6 10 Physics Unifying Themes: Patterns, Scale, Models, Constancy, Change Explain how the behavior of matter and energy follow predictable patterns that are defined by laws. 83 any acceleration must come from a force 100 changes in motion only occur through force 101 all objects tend to resist changes in motion 103 Newton's second law of motion 106 Newton's second law and dynamics problems 107 finding force from acceleration 107 if there is acceleration there must be force 27 study Newton s first law 28 explain how Newton s first law applies 29 investigate Newton s second law 32 investigate Newton s third law 78 law of conservation of energy 81 find the total energy at each position 88 investigating collisions and conservation of energy 109 forces always occur in action-reaction pairs 90 which ball had a greater change in momentum? 110 Newton's third law operates on pairs of objects 111 identifying which force is acting on which object 115 problems using Newton's first law and second law 130 investigate law of reflection 131 investigate Snell s law of refraction 132 apply Snell s law of refraction 124 the normal force as the reaction in an actionreaction pair 128 Newton's second law and net force Page 33 of 61

34 #: 130 equilibrium and Newton's second law 133 understanding reaction forces in terms of springs and deformation 159 the vector form of Newton's second law 170 direction of force determines linear or rotational motion 190 Newton's first law and rotational inertia 216 the law of conservation of energy 216 conservation of energy explained 217 conservation of energy in a closed system 217 applying conservation of energy for a marble rolling on a hilly track 219 conservation of energy for Hoover Dam 225 efficiency and conservation of energy 228 connection between efficiency and time 237 energy flows in biological systems Page 34 of 61

35 #: 244 Newton's first law and momentum 246 law of conservation of momentum 246 momentum and Newton's third law 247 conservation of momentum in collisions 248 applying conservation of momentum 249 momentum conservation for collisions in two and three dimensions 249 kinetic energy conservation for elastic collisions 250 Newton's second law relating force and momentum 253 conservation of angular momentum examples 254 conservation of angular momentum 257 jet engines work because of conservation of momentum 355 the laws of reflection 357 Snell's law of refraction Page 35 of 61

36 #: 362 lenses follow Snell's law of refraction 374 law of reflection 376 using Snell's law 392 relationship and conservation of mass and energy 392 Einstein's thinking about momentum of particles moving near the speed of light 447 electric forces always occur in pairs according to Newton's third law 491 energy conservation and Faraday's law 537 thermodynamics and conservation of energy 570 Newton's third law and pressure in a fluid 572 pressure and the third law 574 conservation of energy in fluids 575 energy conservation and Bernoulli's equation 579 pressure of gases 629 conservation of momentum in nuclear reactions Page 36 of 61

37 #: 629 conservation of energy in nuclear reactions Page 37 of 61

38 #: B1 12 Physics Force & Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies Analyze the principles of rotational motion to solve problems relating to angular momentum and torque. 170 acceleration can be a change in the direction of motion 171 calculating centripetal force 176 satellites and orbital motion 177 centripetal force and the law of universal gravitation combine to form the orbit equation 177 satellite motion application 178 HEO and geostationary orbit 180 calculating centripetal force 182 center of rotation 58 investigating centripetal force 62 relationship between force and torque 62 calculating torque 63 explore rotational equilibrium and net torque 66 investigating rotational inertia 91 investigate angular momentum 92 torque changes the direction of angular momentum vector 92 explain life application of conservation of momentum 182 how torque and force differ 183 calculating torque using torque equation 183 line of action and the torque created by a force 184 calculating torque 184 combining torques to find the net torque 184 units of torque Page 38 of 61

39 #: 185 in rotational equilibrium the net torque is zero 185 solve a rotational equilibrium problem 186 when force and lever arm are not perpendicular 186 calculate a torque from an angled force 190 rotational inertia and mass distribution 191 relationship between angular acceleration and linear acceleration 191 rotational inertia 192 moment of inertia 193 angular acceleration of a wheel 196 compare force and torque 196 calculating torque 203 torque and mechanical advantage of a lever 205 mechanical advantage of gears 253 what is angular momentum 254 angular momentum depends on speed and mass and shape Page 39 of 61

40 #: 255 moment of inertia examples 255 formula for angular momentum 256 torque resists change in angular momentum 265 orbit is a type of cycle 464 torque between two magnets 482 orbital motion of a charge Page 40 of 61

41 #: B2.a 12 Physics Energy Storage and Transformations: Conservation Laws Explain how energy flowing through an open system can be lost. 210 for all machines work out cannot exceed work in 211 energy appears in different forms 75 compare output and input work 80 friction as a source of energy dissipation 212 different forms of energy 217 frictional energy converted to heat 217 friction can divert some energy 221 trace the energy transformations from sun to a flashing taillight 225 how friction affects machines 225 friction converts input work to heat 226 efficiency of Earth 227 calories in food 228 friction and the arrow of time 232 energy from the sun drives the weather on Earth 234 understand basic forms of energy 237 energy flows in biological systems Page 41 of 61

42 #: 238 tidal energy represents frictional energy from the Earth-moon system 267 friction causes damping in oscillators 332 light is a form of energy 344 photons are bundles of light energy 400 electrical energy 406 batteries use chemical energy 574 explanation of pressure and energy 619 radiation as a flow of energy 622 energy of x-rays 627 fusion reactions and the sun 647 energy from antimatter Page 42 of 61

43 #: B2.b 12 Physics Energy Storage and Transformations: Conservation Laws Demonstrate how the law of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy provide alternate approaches to predict and describe the motion of objects. 207 work and energy 211 relationship between work and energy 212 conversions of energy 213 the symmetry between work and energy 216 conservation of energy explained 216 the law of conservation of energy 75 relationship between work and energy 86 draw an energy flow diagram 90 which ball had a greater change in momentum? 216 energy transformations 217 conservation of energy in a closed system 218 energy transformation hydroelectric plant 224 efficiency and energy conversions 225 efficiency and conservation of energy 227 efficiency in biological systems 228 connection between efficiency and time 234 energy conversion 235 the conversion process of energy flow 237 energy flows in biological systems Page 43 of 61

44 #: 241 energy flow of a model solar car 246 law of conservation of momentum 247 conservation of momentum in collisions 248 applying conservation of momentum 249 kinetic energy conservation for elastic collisions 249 momentum conservation for collisions in two and three dimensions 253 conservation of angular momentum examples 254 conservation of angular momentum 257 jet engines work because of conservation of momentum 278 resonant systems accumulate energy 299 waves propagate by exchanging energy between two forms 342 photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy Page 44 of 61

45 #: 346 light from chemical reactions 378 electromagnetic waves exchange energy between electricity and magnetic parts 392 Einstein's thinking about momentum of particles moving near the speed of light 392 relationship and conservation of mass and energy 415 conversion of energy in regenerative braking 422 energy conversions in a series circuit 473 MRI--energy exchange by a nucleus in a magnetic field 486 electric motor uses electromagnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy 489 electric generators transform mechanical energy into electric energy 491 energy conservation and Faraday's law 537 thermodynamics and conservation of energy Page 45 of 61

46 #: 574 conservation of energy in fluids 575 energy conservation and Bernoulli's equation 629 conservation of momentum in nuclear reactions 629 conservation of energy in nuclear reactions Page 46 of 61

47 #: B3 12 Physics Heat/Heat Transfer Describe the relationship between the average kinetic molecular energy, temperature, and phase changes. 528 temperature measures average kinetic energy 531 melting 531 temp vs. time graph for phase change of ice to water 532 boiling 533 evaporation and condensation 535 balance of thermal energy 538 refrigerator application 541 temp vs. time graphs for various materials 542 relationship between temp and average kinetic energy 544 thermal equilibrium 545 thermal conductors and insulators 557 sources of heat transfer in buildings 559 heat flow between objects of different temperature Page 47 of 61

48 #: B5.a 12 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Research how principles of wave transmissions are used in a wide range of technologies. 284 waves are all around us 299 standing waves are used to store energy 301 vibration of a drum 311 acoustics 315 definition of the Doppler effect 316 Doppler effect and supersonic and subsonic motion 109 investigate human perception of sound 124 investigate RGB and CMYK models of color 142 study properties of the electromagnetic spectrum 142 research medical and industrial uses of electromagnetic waves 317 designing a musical instrument 318 design of a good concert hall 320 sonograms 323 echolocation and beats 324 musical instruments 325 sound from a guitar 329 understanding of Doppler effect 333 fluorescent bulbs create UV light 340 the additive color process 341 the subtractive color process 342 visible light has just the right energy for life Page 48 of 61

49 #: 342 the energy of IR and UV light 343 the RGB and CMYK color processes are complementary 347 color separations in high quality printing 348 the CMYK four-color printing process 381 description and examples of infrared waves 381 descriptions of radio waves and microwaves and infrared rays 382 visible light waves 382 x-rays and gamma rays 382 description and examples of ultraviolet waves 474 MRI uses radio waves 553 thermal radiation and infrared light 624 UV light is ionizing radiation 638 Doppler effect and red shift Page 49 of 61

50 #: B5.b 12 Physics Nature of Waves (Sound and Light Energy) Research technologies that incorporate principles of wave transmission. 284 waves are all around us 299 standing waves are used to store energy 381 descriptions of radio waves and microwaves and infrared rays 142 research medical and industrial uses of electromagnetic waves 382 x-rays and gamma rays 474 MRI uses radio waves Page 50 of 61

51 #: B6 12 Physics Unifying Themes: Constancy/Change Compare and contrast motions of objects using forces and conservation laws. 83 any acceleration must come from a force 100 changes in motion only occur through force 101 all objects tend to resist changes in motion 103 Newton's second law of motion 105 calculation using Newton's second law 106 Newton's second law and dynamics problems 27 collect data on Newton s first law 27 study Newton s first law 28 explain how Newton s first law applies 29 investigate Newton s second law 32 investigate Newton s third law 34 draw free body diagrams and identify actionreaction pairs 107 if there is acceleration there must be force 58 consider forces acting on the car 107 force problems 107 finding force from acceleration 109 forces always occur in action-reaction pairs 110 Newton's third law operates on pairs of objects 111 identifying which force is acting on which object 78 law of conservation of energy 81 find the total energy at each position 88 investigating collisions and conservation of energy 90 which ball had a greater change in momentum? 111 solving problems with action-reaction forces 115 problems using Newton's first law and second law Page 51 of 61

52 #: 116 seat belt problem 121 balanced force problems 124 the normal force as the reaction in an actionreaction pair 128 Newton's second law and net force 129 forces on a free-body diagram 130 use equilibrium to find an unknown force 130 equilibrium and Newton's second law 133 understanding reaction forces in terms of springs and deformation 134 analysis of forces on a bridge 138 calculate the acceleration of a toy 155 balancing forces in two dimensions 157 normal force of an inclined plane 158 calculating acceleration on a ramp 159 the vector form of Newton's second law Page 52 of 61

53 #: 159 calculating acceleration from 3-D forces 170 direction of force determines linear or rotational motion 171 calculating centripetal force 172 formula for centripetal acceleration 190 Newton's first law and rotational inertia 191 Newton's second law applies to rotational motion 193 Newton's second law for rotational motion variables 217 applying conservation of energy for a marble rolling on a hilly track 219 conservation of energy for Hoover Dam 244 Newton's first law and momentum 246 law of conservation of momentum 246 momentum and Newton's third law 247 conservation of momentum in collisions Page 53 of 61

54 #: 248 applying conservation of momentum 249 momentum conservation for collisions in two and three dimensions 250 Newton's second law relating force and momentum 251 momentum form of Newton's second law 253 conservation of angular momentum examples 254 conservation of angular momentum 257 jet engines work because of conservation of momentum 274 Newton's second law and natural frequency 392 Einstein's thinking about momentum of particles moving near the speed of light 447 electric forces always occur in pairs according to Newton's third law 570 Newton's third law and pressure in a fluid 572 pressure and the third law Page 54 of 61

55 #: 579 pressure of gases 629 conservation of momentum in nuclear reactions Page 55 of 61

56 #: B7.a 12 Physics Science as Inquiry Examine the status of existing theories. 18 do not confuse theory with opinion 18 what is a scientific theory? 158 determining formula for acceleration on a ramp 336 Einstein's theory of relativity 388 relationship between matter and energy and time and space 389 speed of light paradox 389 speed of light did not behave as expected for Michelson and Morley 127 how does what you observed support the quantum theory? 147 when does special relativity become important? 148 the equivalence of mass and energy 233 quantum physics 236 explore how a vibrating string has similar properties to a quantum system 390 speed and time and clocks 391 consequences of time dilation 391 proof of time dilation 392 Einstein's mass-energy formula 393 simultaneity depends on the relative motion of your frame of reference 397 explain Thomas Young's demonstration of the wave nature of light 521 development of atomic theory Page 56 of 61

57 #: 602 comparing classical and quantum physics 603 classical vs. quantum theory of light 604 classical vs. quantum concept of electron 605 how the uncertainty principle differs from classical theory 611 electrons in classical vs. quantum physics 616 energy and radioactivity 625 nuclear reactions can convert mass into energy 629 energy is stored as mass in nuclear reactions 642 Einstein's theory and gravity and inertial mass 644 general relativity and curved space-time 645 black holes and general relativity 647 energy released in reactions between matter and antimatter Page 57 of 61

58 #: B7.b 12 Physics Science as Inquiry Evaluate experimental information for relevance and adherence to science processes. 25 putting forth ideas and then testing them 25 the usefulness of phlogiston theory despite being incorrect 52 recognizing patterns and cause and effect relationships 93 parachutes and air resistance 345 using glow-in-the-dark plastic to demonstrate photon energy levels 50 follow the scientific method 50 test your prediction 77 where does the marble move the fastest? 103 what effect does changing the tension have? 127 do your observations support this hypothesis? 445 charge by friction Page 58 of 61

59 #: B7.c 12 Physics Science as Inquiry Judge that conclusions are consistent and logical with experimental conditions. 46 why accuracy and precision are important 328 explain why hearing can be damaged by loud sounds 18 what do the results tell you? 41 calculate percent difference 42 calculate percent difference 50 calculate percent difference 50 what would happen if...? 92 explain your observations 95 calculate percent error 100 explain how force applied causes the response 103 explain why higher tension makes waves move faster 105 explain how wind might cause big waves in water 124 explain how the colored filters work 153 what conclusions can you draw? 154 analyze data and explain a rule Page 59 of 61

60 #: B7.d 12 Physics Science as Inquiry Interpret results of experimental research to predict new information, propose additional investigable questions, or advance a solution. 20 inquiry is a process of learning by asking questions 25 putting forth ideas and then testing them 50 graphs are a way of representing data 51 using a graphical model to make a prediction and checking the model's accuracy 52 recognizing patterns using graphs 268 understanding graphs of harmonic motion 319 frequency spectrum 326 comparison of wave forms from guitar sounds 329 decibel level vs. frequency graph for human hearing 345 using glow-in-the-dark plastic to demonstrate photon energy levels 445 charge by friction 449 diagramming electric fields using field lines 24 compare calculation with graph estimate 24 how do you measured positions compare to model? 41 calculate percent difference 42 calculate percent difference 50 test your prediction 50 calculate percent difference 50 how does the measurement compare to your prediction? 77 where does the marble move the fastest? 95 calculate percent error 102 what is it that moves in the case of a wave? 127 do your observations support this hypothesis? 132 are there differences between your prediction and measurement? Page 60 of 61

61 #: 465 diagramming magnetic fields using magnetic field lines 501 current vs.voltage graph for a transistor B7.e 12 Physics Science as Inquiry Communicate and defend a scientific argument. 49 writing procedures in a lab notebook helps make sure your results are repeatable 142 communicate your findings 142 present your findings 205 display information you found for your element Page 61 of 61