AP Physics B. Determining and expressing uncertainties for analog, digital and

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1 St. Mary's College High School AP Physics B Essential Questions Determining and expressing uncertainties for analog, digital and The Spreadsheet is Your Friend Graphing With Excel How can we determine and communicate how precisely a measurement was made? How can we test hypotheses that are expressed as mathematical relationships? repeated measurements. Determining % Uncertainty of measurements. Determining Absolute error of measurements. Determining % error of How Exact is that Measurement? Chapter 2 Outline Quiz measurements Essential Ideas: Introducing measurement and the basics definitions of motion Key Units: The metric system Conversion factors and converting from one unit of measurement to another Dimensional Analysis Definitions and problems involving distance of travel, displacement, average speed, average velocity, and average acceleration. Designing and conducting controlled experiments. Plotting graphs that effectively communicate the results of a controlled experiment. (Titles, Labels Units Axes etc) Plotting graphs by hand and using Excel. Using Uncertainty Bars on graphs to express the tolerance on plotted points. Identifying mathematical functions from the shape of graphs. Drawing best fit lines and using Trend Lines in Excel Determining slopes and y-intercepts of Straight line graphs. Using the Linearization Test to support or refute a hypothesis. Solving problems involving uniform speed motion and uniform accelerated motion. Reading and interpreting speed/velocity versus time graphs, position/distance/displacement versus time graphs. Gain a familiarity between conversions between the English 1 of 18

2 and the metric system of measurement. Essential Questions: Describe vectors using relative angle, standard position and How can we combine the effects of directed quantities (Vectors) such as displacement, velocity and Force in 2 dimensions? compass heading. Add Vectors Graphically Resolve vectors into components. Determine the magnitude and direction of a vector from its If we know where an object is now, and how it is moving, how can we predict where it will be and how it will be moving at a later time? components. Multiply a vector by a scalar. Determine the negative of a vector and subtract vectors. Add and subtract vectors mathematically Apply the commutative property of vector addition. How can we determine the acceleration of an object based on its interactions with objects in its environment? Chapter 3 Outline Quiz Chapter 4 Outline Quiz Chapter 5 Outline Quiz Unit 1 Test (Kinematics) Acceleration in Free Fall Lab Horizontal Range Lab Trajectory Lab Dynamics Lab Key Ideas: Definition of Scalar. Definition of Vector. Components of a vector. Magnitude and direction of a vector. Scalar multiplication. Vector Addition. Definitions of and differences between position, displacement and distance Definitions of and differences between average and instantaneous speed and velocity. Average acceleration. Uniform vs. Non Uniform Acceleration Free fall acceleration. The independence of horizontal and vertical motion in projectile motion. Relative Velocity Distinguish between uniform and non uniform acceleration. Apply the concepts of positive and negative acceleration. Use the Kinematics Equations to Predict Motion with Uniform acceleration. Interpret position vs time graphs to determine positive, zero and negative velocity. Interpret position vs. time graphs to determine positive, zero and negative acceleration. Sketch and plot velocity vs. time graphs from position vs. time graphs. Interpret velocity vs. time graphs to determine displacement and acceleration. Sketch and plot position vs time graphs from velocity vs. time graphs Sketch and plot acceleration vs. time graphs from velocity vs. time 2 of 18

3 graphs. Make predictions about the motion of objects in free fall. Force of Gravity Normal Forces Tension Forces Friction Forces Newton's Third Law. Inertia. Newton's Second Law. The first condition for equilibrium. Use the kinematics equations to make predictions about the motion of projectiles. Use the range equation to make predictions about the motion of projectiles on level ground. Use the trajectory equation to make predictions about generalized projectile motion. Use the concept of relative velocity to convert between frames of reference. Essential Questions: What is the basic conceptual and mathematical language of motion in one and two dimensions? What are the causes of motion? Key Ideas: Particle model of motion Distance Displacement Average Speed Average Velocity Given a group of interacting objects determine the presence and direction of the four everyday forces. (Gravity, Normal, Tension, Friction. Use Newton's third law to draw free body diagrams for groups of interacting objects. Translate an object's free body diagram into a set of Newton's second Law equations. Determine the size and direction of each of the four everyday forces. Use Newton's Second Law in 2 dimensions to predict the forces acting on an object and the components of the object's acceleration. Use a frame of reference parallel to an inclined surface together with Newton's Second Law to make predictions about the forces and accelerations of objects moving on inclines. Use the concept of static translational equilibrium to determine the forces on an object in translational equilibrium. Tests on average speed, average velocity and acceleration. H.W. problem sets on Motion Graphs and Force Lab activities visually connecting the motion of objects on linear tracks with the position/displacement versus time, velocity versus time and acceleration versus time graphs produced using motion trackers. Tests on Force and Newton's 1 and 2 law of motion 3 of 18

4 Average Acceleration Kinematics Equations Motion Graphs Force, Mass Newton's Laws of Motion Weight tension Friction between the characteristics of vector and scalar quantities Add vectors in 2 dimensions graphically Find the components of a vector from its magnitude and direction and its magnitude and direction from its components Add vectors by components Specifically work with the displacement, velocity and acceleration vector Review and practice trigonometry Practice problems involving uniform velocity motion, uniform accelerated motion Distinguish between mass and weight Draw free body diagrams involving weight,normal force, friction and tension. Use newton's first and second law of motion in one and two dimensions. Essential Questions: What factors influence the forces required to maintain circular motion and how do they affect them? How can we predict the behavior of objects undergoing circular motion at a constant velocity? How can we predict the motion of heavenly bodies such as planets moons and satellites? How can we use the Work-Energy Theorem to make predictions about the motion of objects. How can we use the Law of Conservation of Energy to make Identify the forces that cause circular motion in a free body diagram. Make predictions about the magnitude and direction of the force required for uniform circular motion when it is caused by one of the everyday forces. Make predictions about the magnitudes and directions of the forces required to maintain circular motion. Use Kepler's Laws to make predictions about the motion of heavenly bodies. Use Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation to make predictions Unit 2 Test (Dynamics) Unit 3 Test Part (Energy and Momentum) Chapter 6 Outline Quiz Chapter 7 Outline Quiz Kepler's Laws Activity Vertical Circle Activity Mechanical Energy in Free Fall Hooke's Law Activity Elastic Potential Energy Lab Ballistic Pendulum Activity 4 of 18

5 predictions about the motion of objects. How can we predict the outcome of a collision between two objects? How can we describe and predict the collective motion of a group of objects? about the motion of heavenly bodies. Key Ideas: Centripetal Force Period Frequency Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Kepler's First Law Kepler's Second Law Kepler's Third Law Work Kinetic Energy Conservative Force Non-Conservative Force The Work-Energy Theorem Gravitational Potential Energy Hooke's Law Elastic Potential Energy Conservation of Mechanical Energy Power Dynamic Equilibrium Momentum Impulse The Impulse-Momentum Theorem Isolated System Internal force External force Conservation of Momentum. Elastic Collision Totally Inelastic Collision Inelastic Collision Determine the work that is done by forces in different contexts. Explain what is meant by Kinetic Energy. Determine the Kinetic Energy of an object using the Work-Energy theorem. Use the Law of Conservation of Energy to determine the Kinetic or Potential Energy of an object. Determine the Mechanical Energy of an object subjected to nonconservative forces. Use the concept of dynamic equilibrium to determine the power required to maintain motion. Use the Impulse momentum theorem to predict the forces involved in collisions. Use the Law of conservation of Momentum to predict the outcome of collisions based on the energy balance of the collision. Use the concept of center of mass to predict the behavior of a group of objects. Tests on Newton's 1 and 2 law of motion. Applying Newton's laws of motion and the concept/math of vectors to analyze projectile motion. Solving projectile motion for - horizontally fired projectiles, - projectiles fired up at an angle with repsect to the ground Test on kinematics, force and projectiles. 5 of 18

6 Center of Mass Position, Velocity and Acceleration. Understandings: Students will explain the role of force on the state of motion of an object. Students must identify force as the quantity that causes an objects speed, direction or both to change. Essential Questions: What is a force? How do I experience it? How do we conceptualize forces on objects? Key Ideas: mass, inertia, weight, force, net force, tension, friction, normal force, action-reaction pairs, equilibrium, Newtons laws of motion State and apply Newton's First Law of Motion - Define inertia - Cite examples to demonstrate how Newton's First Law applies to the "real" world - Distinguish weight, inertia and mass State and apply Newton's Second Law of Motion - Define force and net force - Define the units of force - Solve problems where - F equal zero - F does not equal zero - Solve problems with identifiable constraints (eg: inclined planes) - Construct and utilize Free Body Diagrams to solve problems and involving forces - Describe the dependence of terminal velocity on weight, area, and medium State and apply Newton's Third Law of Motion - Identify action-reaction force pairs and the bodies on which they act - Use the third law to identify forces acting on a body - Identify normal forces in a problem Differentiate between static and kinetic friction in problems - State the equations for static and kinetic friction - Calculate the force of friction for bodies on level and inclined surfaces - Solve problems involving friction 6 of 18

7 Essential Questions: Unit 4 Test Waves and Optics How can we predict the behavior of vibrating objects? How can we describe and predict the behavior of mechanical waves? How can lenses and mirrors be used to form images? How can we use the wave model of light to predict the behavior of light? Key Ideas: Period of vibration Amplitude of vibration Frequency of vibration Linear Restoring Force. Simple Harmonic Motion Be able to describe SHM using appropriate terminology: Period, Amplitude Frequency. Be able to explain the nature of forces which cause SHM. Be able to correctly sketch the position vs. time graph for SHM and discuss the velocity and acceleration of the object at different points on the graph. Be able to identify the factors which affect the period of SHM for the mass spring system and qualitatively and quantitatively determine how they will affect the period of motion. Be able to identify the factors which affect the period of SHM for the simple pendulum system and qualitatively and quantitatively determine how they will affect the motion. Chapter 11 Outline Quiz Chapter 23 Outline Quiz Chapter 24 Outline Quiz Wave Velocity, Standing Waves and Resonance Lab Snell's Law Lab Converging Lens Activity Measuring Wavelength. Wave pulse Wave train Sinusoidal wave Wave Velocity Wavelength Wave Amplitude Wave Frequency Wave Polarization Wave reflection Constructive and destructive interference Standing Wave Resonant Standing Wave Node Antinode Fundamental and overtone. Refraction Diffraction Real Image Virtual Image Focus Converging Lens/Mirror Diverging Lens/Mirror Magnification For each type of SHO be able to explain why factors which do not affect the period have no influence. Be able to use energy considerations to relate the position and velocity of a SHO. Be able to determine the maximum displacement, maximum velocity and acceleration of a SHO from information about its speed and position at t = 0.0 s. Be able to describe sinusoidal wave trains using appropriate terminology: Period, Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength, Velocity. Be able to qualitatively and quantitatively discuss the impact of various factors on the velocity of a wave in a stretched medium. Be able to qualitatively and quantitatively explain how changing the frequency at which a wave in a stretched medium. Hit the Target Lab: Using the Equations of Motion, Simulations and student experience with firing real projectiles in the room to predict the location of where a projectile hits the floor. Quiz (5 questions) on the labs: (1) Motion Graphs, (2) Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration, (3) 7 of 18

8 Snell's Law Be able to qualitatively and quantitatively explain how the Thin Film interference Double Slit Diffraction Polaroid Filter impact of a wave traveling between materials where it has different velocities on the wavelength and frequency of the wave. Be able to describe the phase shift of reflected waves when passing from a material with a high velocity to a material with a low velocity and vice versa. Key Ideas Key Ideas: Introduction to a more formal theory of Projectiles: Independence of the motion in the Be able to qualitatively describe the processes of constructive and destructive interference. Be able to explain the conditions necessary for the creation of a standing wave. Be able to describe resonant standing waves in stretched media using appropriate terminology: Node, Anti-node, Frequency, Period, Fundamental, First Overtone (Harmonic) etc.. Be able to qualitatively and quantitatively explain how changing various factors will affect the frequency of a resonant standing wave in a stretched medium. Be able to use Snell's law to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the bending of waves as they cross the boundary between materials where they have different velocities at an angle. Be able to use the grating equation to determine wavelength of mechanical waves. Be able to state the law of reflection and illustrate it using ray diagrams. Be able to explain what is meant by the term image, and how real and virtual images differ from one Vectors and (4) Projectiles (counts for a lab score) Review Packet on Kinematics, Vectors and Projectiles Lab worksheets on circular motion, centripetal force and centripetal acceleration CIRCULAR MOTION Test that focus on the connection between projectile motion, circular motion. NEWTONS 3rd LAW AND THE CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Identifying Newtons third law: action/reaction pairs of forces in visual demonstations. Be able to state the law of Actions and reaction pairs: equal in magnitude, opposite in direction When one object strikes another object: two cart systems APPLYING ALL LAWS OF PHYSICS STUDIED UP TO THIS POINT ON: 1. MOMENTUM IN TWO CART SYSTEMS: EQUAL MASSES 2. MOMENTUM IN TWO CART SYSTEMS: UNEQUAL MASSES 3. MOMENTUM AND ITS CONSERVATION ON A TWO AND THREE CART SYSTEM 4. ELASTIC COLLISIONS AND THE CONSERVATION OF 8 of 18

9 x and y directions The Concept of Range Free Fall Horizontally Fired Projectiles Projectiles fired at an angle with respect to the horizontal Case 1: landing on the same level that you started Case 2: landing on different levels MOMENTUM 6. EXPLOSIONS Introduction to Circular Motion Angular displacement Angular speed Angular velocity Angular acceleration Changes in direction imply the existence of a net force, which causes acceleration - Acceleration along a curved path - Centripetal acceleration - Centripetal force - Forces in non-inertial frames of reference - Centripetal versus "Centrifugal forces" - Centrifugal forces do not exist: they are caused by the objects inertia. Introduction to Momentum and the Conservation of Momentum - Impulse - Force - Duration of a force - Mass - Velocity - Momentum - Changes in momentum - Newton's Third Law - The conservation of momentum as a consequence of the Third's law of motion - Elastic and inelastic collisions another. Be able to explain what is meant by the focus of a converging and a diverging mirror and illustrate the concept with a ray diagram. Be able to relate the radius of curvature for a spherical mirror to the focal length for converging and diverging mirrors. Be able to use ray diagrams to locate the images formed by converging and diverging mirrors and determine the size and linear magnification of the image as well as whether it is real or virtual. Be able to use the mirror equation to locate the images formed by converging and diverging mirrors and determine the size and linear magnification of the image as well as whether it is real or virtual. Be able to use Snell's Law of Refraction to qualitatively and quantitatively predict the behavior of light as it passes at an angle between materials where it has different apparent velocities. Explain what is meant by the index of refraction of a material and how it is related to the apparent speed of light in the material. Be able to explain what is meant by the focus of a converging and a diverging lens and illustrate the concept with a ray diagram. Be able to use ray diagrams to locate the images formed by converging and diverging lenses and determine the size and linear magnification of the image as well as whether it is real or virtual. Be able to use the lens equation to locate the images formed by converging and diverging mirrors and determine the size and linear magnification of the image as well as whether it is real or virtual. 5. INELASTIC COLLISIONS AND THE CONSERVATIONS OF MOMENTUM 9 of 18

10 Be able to describe the phase shift of waves that are reflected as they pass between materials Be able to determine the conditions for constructive and destructive interference of thin films. Be able to describe the operation of a Polaroid filter and its impact on a light wave. Be able to explain Young's Double slit experiment in terms of the roles played by diffraction and interference in producing the interference pattern observed in the experiment. Be able to use the parameters of a double slit or diffraction grating setup to determine the wavelength of a wave in terms of path difference. Be able to use the grating equation to qualitatively and quantitatively relate the different parameters involved in the diffraction pattern produced by a double slit or diffraction grating setup. Students should be able to: 1. Solve problems involving the basic physics of rotational kinematics: - angular speed, angular displacement - connection between linear velocity and angular velocity 2. Calculate the centripetal acceleration and centripetal force for an object in the case of uniform circular motion 3. Identified the units for all of the physical quantities under the key 10 of 18

11 ideas. 4. Apply all concepts to the following variety of problems: - water in a bucket that moves constantly in a circle - the balance of forces on a car turning on a road a) a banked versus unbanked road b) the role of friction on the road - a planar and conical pendulum 5. Horizontally fired projectile as a means to understand orbital motion. Skills for momentum and collisions unit: Rewrite Newtons 2nd Law in terms of F, m, t and change in velocity Define - Impulse and Momentum in one dimension Solve F=ma problems for one particle using concepts of momentum and impulse Extend the concept of Impulse and Momentum into two dimensions Identify and manipulate impulse and momentum as vector quantities: -Represent impulse/momentum as vectors in 2 dimensions graphically -Add and subtract impulse/momentum as vectors in a plane graphically and algebraically -Find the components of impulse/momentum both graphically and algebraically -Find the magnitude and direction of impulse/momemtum both graphically and algebraically 11 of 18

12 Conservation of momentum -Apply the conservation of momentum in one dimension -explosion, two cart systems -carts sticking together Solve elastic and inelastic collisions that do not involve using the conservations of energy - Apply the conservation of momentum in two dimensions - two dimensional collisions - center of mass calculations Work and Energy: Definition of work (Galileo s stake) Work equation: W = F d Derivation of work-energy theorem Kinetic Energy as energy associated with motion. KE equation: 1/2mvv Potential Energy as energy associated with position, or stored energy Units of energy and work Conservation of Energy i) Work done by a dissipative force (1) Thermal energy (2) example of work done by friction ii) Work done by a conservative force (1) graviational potential energy (2) gravitational field Apply the conservation of energy to conservative and nonconservative systems. Energy and work problem sets Final Exam Review Final Exam The Conservation of Energy - ramps - free falling - pendulum - collisions of carts - roller coasters January of 18

13 1. Fluids Students should be able to: 1. Assessments for Fluids a) Basic definitions and equations - Density, Mass, Volume - Pressure, Force and Area b) Static Fluids: a) Weight of a static element of fluid with a given density b) Pascal's Principle c) Archimedes Principle d) Buoyancy Force, as the difference in the forces above and below an object submerged in a fluid. e) Bernoulli's principle, the energy density associated with fluid flow is a given pressure, kinetic energy and potential energy c) Dynamic Fluids: - Mass continuity equation - Mass flow equation - Pressure and Energy Conservation 2. INTRODUCTION TO WAVE MECHANICS 1. Basic Characteristics of Waves a) Definitions -Wave Source -Medium -Longitudal waves -Transverse waves -Amplitude -Frequency -Period -Wavelength -wave speed 2. Wave Behavior: -Wave Motion -Wave reflection and transmission -Waves pass through each other -Constructive and Destructive Interference 1. Under the Fluids Unit: 1. Be able to work through basic formulae of density and pressure 2. Derive the equations for buoyancy pressure. 3. Apply newton's laws of motion to problems involving fluid force and fluid pressure. 4. Draw free-body diagrams that involve all forces that we studied in class (weight, normal force, etc) and the new forces that fluids exert on objects (buoyancy). 5. Make connections between Pascal's and Archimedes principle 6. Make connections between the concept of net force, weight, newton's third law of motion and buoyancy force. 2. Under the Waves Unit: 1. Identify the work done on a medium to create a wave 2. Identify the impulse done on a medium to create a wave 3. Connect wave phenomena with the transport of energy and momentum from place to place WITHOUT the transport of matter. 4. Identify the parts of a transverse and longitude wave 5. Determine the energy, speed, frequency and wavelength of a transverse and longitudal wave. 6. Work through problem involving wave speed, period, frequency, and wavelength. 7.Use the principle of interference to predict the size and phase of a wave resulting from the interaction of two or more waves meeting at the same place at the same time. Test on Fluids Practice set: large problem set that worked through AP level questions on Pascal's Principle, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy force/pressure, and Bernoulli's principle. 2. Assessment for Waves Lab: determining if waves bounce off each other or move through each other. Test waves Wave practice problem set 13 of 18

14 1. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION, RESONANCE, STANDING WAVES AND SOUND Problem solving: problems involving the old material from first semester, simple harmonic motion and electric forces. Period Motion and Advanced Topics in Wave Mechanics: Designing controlled experiments Lab: determining the acceleration due to gravity using the pendulum Lab: determining the k constant for a spring using principles of equilibrium and simple harmonic motion a) Simple Harmonic Motion - Hooke's law (forces of strings) - period and frequency of motion in terms of mass,m, and the string constant, k. - The Motion of a Plane Pendulum - period and frequency of motion in terms of length and the acceleration due to gravity. b) Solving Newton's laws of motion with restoring forces. c) Connection between simple harmonic motion and circular motion - angular frequency, frequency d) Wave Behavior - Standing waves on a string or spring - Resonance e) Sound 2. ELECTROSTATICS AND ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY KEY TERMS ELECTROSTATICS Insulators, conductors Electric Charge, Net Charge Electron's mass and charge Conservation of Electric Charge ELECTROSTATICS 1. Distinguish between insulating materials and conducting materials. 2. Calculate Net charge of charge configurations. 3. Determine the sign and strength of the electric charge on charged objects. 4. explain electrical polarization in terms of the first law of electrostatics (unlike charge attract, like repel) ELECTRIC FIELDS AND ELECTRIC FORCE 1. Solve electric force problems in 1 and 2 dimensions, using vectors and the superposition principle 2. Draw free body diagrams and apply Newton's three laws of motion involving the electric force. 3.Draw electric field lines around charge configurations ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 1. Determine the amount of work Lab: determining the frequency of tuning forks using sound and the principles of resonance. Review packet covering all topics covered so far in the course. Electrostatics and Electric Force/Fields Test Electric Potential Energy and Voltage Test Lab: Determination of the columb's constant by analyzing an electrostatic pendulum Building a cheat sheet for reviewing all topics covered so far in the course 14 of 18

15 Charging by Rubbing Charging by Induction Electrical Polarization and energy required to work charges through an electric field ELECTRIC FIELDS AND ELECTRIC FORCE 2. Define Electric Potential Energy (EPE) and solve problems involving EPE. Columb's Law Uniform Electric Field Lines Electric Forces and Fields due to point charges. Principle of Superposition ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY Work done in an electric field Electric Potential Energy Voltage The Electric Force and the Gravitational Force. 3. Distinguish between gravitational potential energy and electric potential energy/gravitational field strength and voltage. 4. Apply the principle of conservation of energy two electric potential energy problems. 5. Define Voltage and determine the energy used by a battery to move electric charge between the terminals of the battery. a) Universal law of gravitation b) Columb's law for the electric force c) Comparison between the electric force and the gravitational force: which one is stronger? Electric Charge and Electric Force a) review of the particle model of matter - models of the atom - subatomic particles: the electron, proton and neutron - the properties of the electron - insulators and conductors - electric charge transfer charging by rubbing charging by induction -electrical polarization c) Forces between electric charges - Columb's law 15 of 18

16 - The superposition principle d) Electric fields and Electric Potential Energy - Electric field diagrams for point charges and distrubution of charges. - the work done to move electric charge through a uniform electric field - electric potential energy - the flow of electric charge e) Electric Current CAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE Capacitors, storage of electrical energy capacitance, farads Define capacitance and calculate the electric stored in a capacitor Lab: Analyzing the graphical relationship between Voltage and Current to determine Resistance. Lab: analyzing complex circuits. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND RESISTANCE Current, Amperes Resistance, Ohms Electric Power Ohm's Law ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Electromotive Force Series, Parallel Circuits Wheatstone Bridges Complex circuits Kirchoff's laws Identify and use the relationship between electric field, charge, voltage and capacitance of a capacitor ELECTRIC CURRENT AND RESISTANCE Calculate the amount of current in a wire, given the charge and time of flow Determine the source, amount and direction of electric current (electric charge flow and traditional current) in a closed circuit. Determine the electrical energy and power used in a circuit. Identity the factors that control the amount of resistance in a wire (length, temperature, cross section, 16 of 18

17 density or chemical composition. Use Ohm's law in a simple circuit. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Draw and identify the parts of an electric circuit. Determine the current and voltage drop across resistors in a series circuit. Determine the voltage and current drop across resistors in a parallel circuit. Solve complex combinations of resistors connected in series and parallel in a single circuit. Solve resistor-capacitor combination circuits. MAGNETISM MAGNETISM Lab: Build an electromagnet. Magnetic domains Magnetic pole interaction Magnetic induction Magnetic field around: - permanent bar magnet - current-carrying wire Magnetic Forces on: - electric charges - current-carrying ware Biot-Savart Law Lorenz Force Electromagnets 1. Draw the magnetic field shape, direction and determine the strength around bipole magnets and currentcarrying wire. 2. Apply the right-hand rule for determine the magnetic field, magnetic force, and current direction on wire and free moving electric charge. 3. Determine the magnetic forces Lab: Build a speaker. Test: Magnetism and Electromagnetism 17 of 18

18 between circular and straight ELECTROMAGNETISM current carrying wire. Alternating current Faraday's law, electromagnetic induction Lenz' Law Magnetic braking Generators, Transformers Electric Motors AP PHYSICS REVIEW 4. Distinquish between electric fields and magnetic fields. 5. Apply Newton's three laws of motion in the context of the magnetic field. 6. Connect circular motion with the motion of electric charge in uniform magnetic fields. ELECTROMAGNETISM Connect the phenomena of electricity to the phenomena of magnetism --- i.e. see the two aspects as really one. AP PHYSICS REVIEW AP PHYSICS REVIEW AP Physics Exam Lab: Build an electric motor 18 of 18