Fast Filling Process Modeling Based on the Real Gas Model with the aim of Simulation of the Compressed Natural Gas Refueling Station

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Alicia Henry
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1 3-05! &' 3* 0) '/ % & * -*, * )*( &'% 3*9( 08 '/ /0 -, / /0 - / *8 :30 ;* * 36 3)7 3*/ )'*( 37 G BCD 56 E8? > / 4? :; /7/ 83 56? :; /7/ 3 G J K/? 5H ICCD > / 4? BH L MG ; / IK >? L :H L C / /? - MG :H L 8 4- W / 4 LU M8 ST J OP IK J Q RP / - L 0 / C 5H ICCD W, BCD W 80 K A L L 50 K A / ZR [ C 8 4- W /? K/ AGA8 A : - :; Y7 /D? /6 kwh 7 7/ [ ]/ C 55/ kwh A 7 \ AGA8 A : > / 4? /L :&B &A@) Fast Filling Process Modeling Based on the Real Gas Model with the aim of Simulation of the Compressed atural Gas Refueling Station M Saadat- Targhi J Khadem M Farzaneh-Gord Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Abstract The main process that occurs in the CG refueling station is filling fast process The main objective of the present study is to apply a more accurate thermodynamic analysis of fast filling process than previous works By using the thermodynamic analysis, a CG refueling station with the cascade system, has been simulated Comparing real and ideal gas models, it can be realized that the temperature profiles are highly different and temperature rise is much more for ideal gas model the lack of Joule-Thompson cooling effect is the most important factor for this different The results indicated that there is a temperature rise in order 50 K for real gas and 80 K for the case of ideal gas The results of the present work have been validated against the experimental data and previous studies The AGA8 Equation of State has been used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of CG The results show that the energy consumed by the compressor for a cycle is equal to 55 kwh and the average energy consumption is equal to 6 kwh for a vehicle Keywords: Modeling, Fast filling, AGA8 Equation of state R8 7/ 4 M8 (3 / ZR [ 83 7f - 7f _/ _/ a d`r:? i j 7f _/ H K/ CCD 4? 7f _/ a J LR: - / I6 :; /7/ 83? 7 > / 4? ]/ > / 4? / 0 ICCD /L ] BCD J / L J / I6 994 L/ [] G / /L / I6 7 4Ge /L 0 /? 7 4Ge ]? 6 n - : Me IC5: ST 008 L/ [] 4R8 7/ 4 7 4Ge 0 ]? [3] 4R8-7f ( - ) 3 BCD JoR8 R / _/ a C 0 L/ 7/ 4P - :; K/ G8 4 E 7 8L/ - J 5P / W 4 7 K/ OG ]D ` _ 4G J ]/ J d`r: ca - RP A ; :; 4?? b :; > / 7/ 4? a J /7/ B ; ( 50 00) 7f 3 4e / ZR QC 7 4Ge 3 /? OG? > / 4? IC5: / ; 8 J _? A :; /7/ 3 ) 0 8G8 M8 E8 4 5RP Q5D * jkhadem49@yahoocom : 95/03/3 :! 95/0/9 :( )!

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2 4Ge J L > / 4? BCD ; 8 3 7f 4e 7 Y7 J: 0 / /L :H? K/ AGA8 A : :H L :; W :H L K/ ST 8-0 JoR8 / C [93] 5H ICCD W JoR8, W > / 4? /L W BCD / /7/ 3? K/ / ZR /L R8 / /? - 7f _/ :; &'% 7f _/ :; /7/ 3 R - IC5: 3 /? 4- Q? - - 7f 4e Q 5A / / ZR / Q- 7 4Ge > ; 8 8 Q- > / 4? 7 0\ 08 '/ ') &))7G*8 - F - _8 4e PR, 3 d`r: - 7f _/ /7/ 3 - ]/ _ w / ZR f _/ :;? 3 7f 4e Q P 5e 4 Kx > _3 _3 /? 7 4Ge 4? 3 4e : C 7 4Ge ) J - 4Ge 7 4Ge (0/0 kg/s d`r:) / Priority Panel Dispenser &9H *6I JKL 4P C C \ 8 / ZR /D 0 : 4-0 W 3 /D _C I6 / ZR A - 7f _/ C 8 I6 /L? 0 0 5H ICCD - 7f _/ :H R %55 L 4e I q /L? 7 7 4Ge /L 0 8BCD / 7 5H /? 8L 6 IC5: / 3 S 3 4e ]? K/ JoR8 [54] 4R8 0 8L/ :; /7/ 3 /0 I6 L L 0 /L 7 03 [6] 4R8 ( O7 ]/ G 0- BCD / 4? I6 8/ B; / I6 04 L/ /L R ICCD re- O, 3 4e 7 4Ge J > / / CCD 0 L/ [7] 4R8 R / 7 4Ge 4? ; 3 4e ]? I q /L 5H 8BCD 0 7 C nd6 M OP / 3 4e ; 8 /L \? 0-0 /L ; 8 /L /? 6 4e J 05 L/ [8] 4R8 O7 ]/ Je > / 4? C /D L (G t ; 8 J > / 4? ; L L // 0 0 BCD /? S 3 4e ]? JoR8? K/ C, W W Je BCD J / J 7 /L W :; /7/ 83 /L u 8BCD G 06 L/ [9] 4R8 I:/ 0 /L 7 4 / ZR J 3 JoR8 Q5D bj6 J ; 8 3 7f 4e ]? I q 5H BCD Ev7 W I q J 0 8 S /? 3 R C [83] 5H 8 W JoR8 / ZR [ J: / ZR /L I q 4-0? 5RP ]? 4 8-5RP - C ; (3 7f 8- q JoR8 8 S 4e) ST / ZR 7 / ZR 7 - ST / ZR C ]? / ZR / ZR 7? S C / ZR 5RP ; G C J K/ / :H J 56 : E D > / 4? - :H L 5H W W 0 V/ 0 BCD L L /L > / 4? - 4 ` :H L /L OG L A 06

3 RD O7 H ; I:/ y d( ρvv) dp f ρ V 0 dx dx D R P Zρ T M 4 V Z ρ, V, P, f, D, R, M,T 3\ P / - bj6 0 (8) (9) jh S :_ ; 8 )_ V m A (0) :_ (0) (8) I`: V & & f m mdx & ρ VdV ρ dp 0 A D (}\ R/ L IP) - U IP C () L 3 w [0]? 6 8IP / C 05 & MD(P P ) m A f LRTavg Zavg 7 4Ge 3 4e J ; L; L 4 :_ () [9] > f Z avg T avg /D u ]? K/ 4 ; C ) / R K/ (5) () ] 4 /D () j / 7/ 83 H K/ / ZR / 8/ ZR J d`r:? - a :; 4 4 J ` 8/ ZR a J 8 5A _0 MG 5A / ; - 5/? [ 83 8/ ZR / 4- [9] 4R8 I:/ f C jr8 C (3 7f 4e) / ZR 7 - I q ; C J ST / ZR QA 8- q JoR8 8 S C ]? / ZR 5RP ST / ZR 7 / ZR 7 - S C / ZR 5RP ; G C J /D j / ZR 7? & MWgas mco ρ std Q std ( ) ρ air,std Qstd MWair x V MW air : (3) MW gas ρ air,std Q std 4 4 / ]? 8 3\ / ]? / ZR? :; 4 8 j G Q?? 4-5A / / ZR J: 7/ Q[ ` - 4Ge _,A 3 7f 4e /L 0 / 4 4 Q7 -? 7f 4Ge Q7 _,A O zc : / { 7 I6 dm r m & e dt :? Q? ) L 7 E : V m m & r e 4 Q?? 3 7f 4e 4 O 3 4e Q? ) L _,A L 4H 5 & Vei & Vee QCV m i(h i ) m e(h e ) d Ve m(u ) WCV dt () :? JoR8? E 6 Q M U I q :_ 7 L _,A du r QCV me hr dt ]D 3 4e J LC / / 0 du r dm m r r ur & me hr dt dt () (3) :_ // w? E 6 E ; Z 57 U V hr u r 4 :; Y7 J? 8 3 4e i j : 8Me R /D C J 4 Q- Q K : 3/ 4GR8 QA 87 O C 4 O5: (4) () ] R J: : O u r m r (4) C 4 3 4e - 4 G 7 4Ge /L 0 i? 7 4Ge /L 0 Q6A ] R QRP dm c m & i dt du c dm m c c uc & mi hr dt dt?? 7f :; O V u c m i m c 4 U 7 4Ge 7 4Ge Q7 3/ QA? 7 4Ge :; 57? 3 4e -? Q6A Q K : I6 7 4Ge 3 4e J :; 4 {? /? : 4 / K/ 5e 8 ]? ; 8 Q7 /D 0 d( ρv) 0 dx :? Q? A : _ O zc I`: (5) (6) (7) 07

4 * g q n n / / B nij (Gij g n ) (QiQ j q n ) (Fi Fj f s w f n n n n ) (SiS j s n ) (Wi Wj w n ) (0) U 8 V G ij E ij t 8 If 0 :H t L O -R8 * / ij ij i j E E (E E ) * G ij (G i G j ) Gij? : ] ]/? V G : T () (9) 8j () () w n u n s n q n g n f n a n i zg x i :; u t [e- A : S 8 u5e :; 8 Q- G F i E i /? [] > 0 C 5e 8A x [e- 8 W i S i Q i K i G i u5e 3 If M_8 5e 8A 7 8 G * E * ij ij? S 0 C i zg Y7 0 :H 8 j i G 8A J C? u5e j? [] > 3 u5e I 5e 8 Q- G V : C * n (6) j /? : j ]/ :; * g q f C n n n n a n (G g n ) (Q q ) (F f n n ) un u U T n u5e 8 U F Q G ~ : (3)? : I6 5 5/ 5 5/ i i i j ij i j i i j i U X E X X (U )(E E ) * G XiGi XiX j(gij )(G i G j) i i j i (4) (5) Q XiQi i (6) F Xi Fi (7) i u5e U M_8 U ij (4) j? : I6 D * n * kn bn kn n n n nρr ρr nρr D (b c k ) exp( c ) (6) j JoR8? Y7 /? [] > ~ : (8) A 4 0 K/ 8 67 re- _/ 4 _8 QC 67 J?? r7 Y7 C re- A? r7 J\ /D J? vp u5e A 4 re- 3 k & k Pdis k W adi (ZsuTsu R) ( ) k P su k k P (Z dis k sutsur) ( ) k Psu k3 k 3 P (Z dis3 k3 su3tsu3 R) ( ) k3 Psu3 K/ j / ZR :H /D d0 & W W adi a η c η m (4) :? (5) 4 _ 4 V η η 4 m c t / ZR / 8? ]/ d`r: BCD H /L / ZR I[e- / [9] > 5e QA :; Y7 J: 0 J K/ /? K/ AGA8 / /L R /D :; 3\ )_ 4 ( 5e 6P ;5e :; /? { ( J? re- u5e zg 8 D t I6 ( J Z )_ u : 8 58 * * * ZBρm - ρ r Cn CnDn n3 n3 ρ r L O B )_ :; I :[] / Z ~ : D * n C * n (6) 8 3\ 58 R?? f 8 C? 8? 8- QH [] > u ` 3\ I6 8 3\ 3 ρ r K ρm : j K/ u5e G/ K ρ r (7) u5e G R? 7/ u 8[e-? 5 5/ 5 5/ K xiki xix j(kij )(K ik j) i i j i K i u5e i zg x i j i G MR8 G/ K ij ~ j :? (8) i zg u G/ 8 5e G V 0 C? [] > u5e :; 8 Q- j I[ L O B (6) j? 8 u n * un 3/ B ant xix jbnije ij (KiK j) n i j? : (9)? : : ]/ ~ : /L > / 4? B * nij :H L (9) 08

5 O7 H ; I:/ y RD zg 6 QC 67 A : K/ 4 ) 87 G u5e [e- ] n - - AGA8 Y7 / u5e 8 Q- G J V / f O` R /D :; BCD H K/ :; [5] > 4 I 6? 4 37 Cj / FG H*( :?7( - F K A MG :H L 8 4- W 4Ge t0-80 K A L L 50 0 O C? 30 d C L 8 7 L K/ A R L L K/ A K/ A 4-7 J Q / :H 4Ge 4 - I q ]D? L L ST u W 4 /? 4-4 Q? 3 7f 4e 7 ;? IK 5e 8 7/ q S 5 7/ 4 Ev7 J / 8, 4 JoR f 4e - / FG H*( -3 i j I`: K/ 0 QA Me J t > / 4? /L d0 QH? O5: 7 4Ge 3 7f 4e - / C 4 Y7 J J 8 O L; R J: () j K/ L O QA /? 0/0 C QA ; 7f 4e u (4) () ] Q K : 3/ re- : O 57 U O C 3 O Y[e _,A 4 O 4 O5: QC 67 J? R J: - 5R Y7 / 4 57 U Y[e _,A? n - - R J: O O` (6) (5) ] : 7 4Ge 0 4 / K/ Y7 5 / f J /D n - QH Me AGA8 S O 5 0/0 R C 4- Q? QA I\5 / I6 MATLAB G O I\5 J /? /,O 9( 3 &)* 0) %H) '/ % MK -3 F 376 :H L MK-4 -*, * H*( &'% MK --4 K/ ST / Me J J /? 7 L L /L u W /L L :H L t 3 Q? 4 ; 7 4Ge - I q 4 /L W u IK J R0 / 0 ; 7 4Ge M / :H L - 38 K d C L L K/ L 7/ 4 4? R V/ J M8 ST J OP IK J Q RP :H / 4 LU 09

6 The on-board GV cylinder pressure (bar) /L > / 4? :H L Ti80 K Ti90 K Ti300 K Ti30 K Ti30 K Ti80 K Ti90 K Ti300 K Ti30 K Ti30 K The reservoir tank pressure (bar) * 3 &)* &*/')) &'% MK -5 F d C 7 4Ge - MG 9 Av J ` - 4Ge 7 4Ge L[ K6 C MG 9 08 '/ &' MK zc H > / 4? /L W Me --3 L J K/ BCD? t L - 4e :; /7/ 3 /7/ 3 u I[e- / H /? :H 3? /? 7 4Ge JoR8? (0- >H 043 R? 3) / t [9] > 3 / ZR I[e- :/? I@ /? W / S ]D 87 4e OR - /? 93 K? Ge - QHA 4Ge 4? w 87, O` 4 / { CH ; 3 > 0? (7 / ZR 7 4e 4? / I6 // 0 { J 9 A 8 J G :H f 4e - /? ]D - 7f 4e - I q u /? W 7 P 34 4 / t 7 Q? 7/ 3? J? / ZR 4 _ 4Ge -? 3 7 J R _ 4Ge - 7 J 4? w / 35-4e 4 L 7 / M8 3/8 - : R 7/ Q[ - - ]/ Time (s) *6I,'O 376,O 9( * R &3 *PQ -4 F? Q6A BCD W,/P I[e- / C [] BCD, W JoR8 / n - [] > 4 ]?, J- BCD W > /D u W / I6 W C [93]? 4-5 Q? 4? 4 ; 4 4?? 0-, W jr8 / H D S 36 w S 4 : > / q 0/0 kg/s 0/9 kg/s C J 4Ge / 0/04 kg/s C J / Q[ ` - 4Ge > ]/ 7 4Ge J ]/ 50 4 S J 4 7 4Ge ) U? 3 7f 4Ge J ]/ wz/ 3 7f BCD W 8 4- W C, C C [93] QH ICCD W 0 D6 7 4Ge - I q u W C 6 Q? BCD /L W 0 W H / 0- W jr8 /? 4-4 5P / 0 [9 3] 5H ICCD C ]? I q J ; 8 /L 4 3 E ; :H L K/ 3 4e I6 L L /L [9 8] ICCD L J K/ ; ` 8-30 i j /L rc 4P 0

7 RD O7 H ; I:/ y * 3 &)* &*/')) &'% MK -6 F \ / R8? Q 7 \ : / ZR 4? (7 J? : _C u 0 8G8 / ZR 4? (7 J? : MG re- 3 /? O, MG G / ZR Q 7 \ / ZR [ C / [ ]/ C JoR8? 55/ kwh A J: /6 kwh 7 7/ / ZR E [ C J - \? _0 W J / / 3 / ZR u 83 U *6I JKL &)* *6I,'O 9( -7 F &9H &9H *6I JKL &)* &' MK - % /? W CH 57 9 P/ I 5 55/ S 47 P/ I 5 /6 /?? : 4? 7 Q/ 4 I? Q/ : Q/ / ZR [ 7 7/ 4 J3 7 / ZR J3 &*/K 7 7/ 4P - :; K/ -4 D :j / H 4 G / I6 :; /7/ 83 BCD? 83 9 J R0 > / 4? 4e 7 4Ge J :H L > / 4? ; 8 7f Y7 J: 0 AGA8 A : / /L /? K/ :H L :; 7 4Ge 0 re- W / w L L W R 30 K A :H L K/ W :H L K/ ST 8-0 JoR8? / C 5H ICCD W JoR8, W 7 L 7 / 4 t - _ 4Ge H 0 / / 00 C - 4\ O0\ 4Ge ]/ O0\ 7?R 7/ QR [e- C 7/ - _ Q[ - ]/ 4Ge / (0/0 kg/s) J QR 4Ge J ]/ 7/ L[ 0 8e H _8G 7 _8G \ 00 - ]/ _ 4e 7 4Ge L[ / / 00 7f 4Ge QR G 7 J 7/ - 4Ge G - 4Ge - : 87 J 4? J? 4 : 87 / f 4e e? / ZR > R3 ]/ 7 4Ge 7/ O, 3-4Ge - (4? 7 4) CH 40 : H 3 3 4e A J / 00 7/ Ge 4 ]/ - _ 4Ge / 8 - J? / ZR 3 4) J 0 O` 4 MG Q 7 \? CH 7 A (4? U? 4 CH 57 A 3 7f 4e 4? e 4 Kx Q 3 _3 B; / / ZR ]/ 3 7f 4e 4? 4Ge d0 - ]/ wz/ - 4Ge _3 J / ZR ]/ - _ 8G8 M8 E8 f C jr8 7/ 4 M8 (3 / ZR [ ) 0 )? i j :; /7/ 83 A ; BCD E8 BH /? 4/ 4/ /? W >R / _0 f jr8 / t L? i j E8 7f 4e 4? 7 Q 7 \ 4 I 9? V J? CH 57 A 3? O, QH Q 7 \

8 (J/mol K) S (K) (s) 4 (kj/kg) 57 U t MR8 (m 3 ) _,A (ms - ) P / (kj/kg) :H (kw) :H 9 i zg [e- (m) ak _ (kgm -3 ) 3\ :H J3 7 7f 4Ge / ZR L _,A 5e 3 7f 4e M / R T t u U V V W W z Z 7 JUV ρ AW7*' a avg c co cv i dis r su std -)* -7 [] Kountz K, Modeling The Fast Fill Process in atural Gas Vehicle Storage Cylinders, American Chemical Society Paper at 07th ational ACS Meeting, March, 994 [] Farzaneh-Gord M, Hashemi S, Farzaneh-Kord A, Thermodynamics Analysis of Cascade Reserviors Filling Process of atural Gas Vehicle Cylinders, World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol 5, o, pp 43-49, 008 [3] Farzaneh-Gord M, Deymi-Dashtebayaz M, Rahbari H R, Studying effects of storage types on performance of CG filling stations, Journal of atural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol 3, o, pp , 0 [4] Farzaneh-Gord M, Deymi-Dashtebayaz M, Rahbari H R, Optimising Compressed atural Gas filling stations reservoir pressure based on thermodynamic analysis, International Journal of Exergy, Vol 0, o 3, pp 99-30, 0 RD 0 {? R : 7 G0 [5] 7 4Ge 4? :; V S / RD /P R5P 8 / 7 / 3 0 ]? J: RCG f 0-03 DK 6 9 R? 3 /0-8ƒ 39 [6] Khamforoush M, Moosavi R, Hatami T, Compressed natural gas behavior in a natural gas vehicle fuel tank during fast filling process: Mathematical modeling, thermodynamic analysis, and optimization, Journal of atural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol 0, o 0, pp -3, 04 [7] Deymi-Dashtebayaz M, Farzaneh-Gord M, Rahbari H R, Studying transmission of fuel storage bank to GV cylinder in CG fast filling station, Journal of the Brazilian Society of BCD /L W 0 A 4? 4? 7 0 O` /?? CH 7 40 A V 3 7f 4e :? O, QH Q 7 \ 9? V J J? : _C u,? Q 7 \ / JoR8? R8 / ZR 4? (7 / ZR [ C re- /? W ]/ C JoR8? 55/ kwh A Q 7 \ J: /6 kwh 7 7/ / ZR [ / &)4T Me 5? - RA C 4 H - ( 4/ 7 4/) 4 K 8 (m ) A L O I 6 (kj/kg K) S - x (kj/kg K) S _,A x (m) jh I 6 j i j i j i G 7 t O i yp [e- t -R8 U O i bj6 yp [e- ` (m/s ) f? :H G 7 t (kj/kg) Z G u P/ I 5 i zg [e- G MR8 G/ (m) L; (kg/s) (kg/kmol) 4 u5e G : (kw) (bar) - LC 8 A3-5 R -6 A B c p c v D f g G h k kwh K l L M /L > / 4? P :H L Q

9 RD O7 H ; I:/ y Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol 34, pp , 0 [8] Khadem J, Saadat-Targhi M, Farzaneh-Gord M, Mathematical modeling of fast filling process at CG refueling stations considering connecting pipes, Journal of atural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol 6, o 0, pp 76-84, 05 [9] Saadat-Targhi M, Khadem J, Farzaneh-Gord M, Thermodynamic analysis of a CG refueling station considering the reciprocating compressor, Journal of atural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol 9, pp , 06 [0] Menon E S, Transmission Pipeline alculations and Simulations Manual: Elsevier Science, 04 [] Starling K E, A G A O S T M Committee, Compressibility and Super compressibility for atural Gas and Other Hydrocarbon Gases: Operating Section, American Gas Association, 986 George D, CG Sampling, atural gas sampling technology conference, ew Orleans, Louisiana, 04, pp

Determining the Optimal Performance of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Station Based on PSO Algorithm

Research Article Journal of Energy Management and Technology (JEMT) Vol. 2, Issue 3 39 Determining the Optimal Performance of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Station Based on PSO Algorithm H.YAZDANI 1 AND