CNG measuring systems for vehicles

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2 CNG measuring systems for vehicles Sistemas de medición de GNC de uso vehicular Part 3

3 Review (1) METROLOGY - Accuracy - Trueness - Precision - Error - Uncertainty, Type A and Type B - Standard deviation - Characterization - Calibration - Adjustment

4 Review (2) LEGAL METROLOGY - Pattern approval - Initial verification - Declaration of conformity - Subsequent verifications - Verification tests

5 Review (3) FLOW METERS - Coriolis - Ultrasonic - Turbine - Orifice plate - Nozzles - Rotary displacement - Base metrology

6 Review (4) GAS CHROMATOGRAPH - Columns - Detectors - Gas Chromatogram - Carrier gas - I.O. (known) gas - Metrological control

7 Review (5) MEASURING SYSTEMS - CNG MS for vehicles - NG MS with UM - NG MS with TU - NG MS with OP - Parts: OIML R139, Res.88/2012 (ARG)

8 Review (6) NATURAL GAS - T, P, %M - CV - E - ACTUAL / EXPANDED VOLUME - REFERENCE CONDITIONS - COMPRESIBILITY

9 Review (7) NATURAL GAS - T, P, %M - CV - E - ACTUAL / EXPANDED VOLUME - REFERENCE CONDITIONS - COMPRESIBILITY

10 Day 3 strategy DAY 1 DAY 2 Presentations + Exercises DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5

11 Index Part 3 - CNG dispenser - CNG refueling station - Sequential control device - Temperature measurement - Zero flow test - Calculations. Natural gas base conditions, corrections, energy. - Unit of price, CNG factor. - Cubic meter (m3), kilogram (kg). - CNG measuring systems, metrological control. - Pattern approval, metrological and technical requirements. - Performance tests. - CNG measuring systems verifications. - Initial, periodic and subsequent. Declaration of conformity. - Comparison OIML R139 / R140

12 CNG dispenser

13 CNG dispenser CNG CNG Measuring System Meter Transducer (measuring device) Coriolis Sensor Coriolis transducer Metering calculator Correction device Adjustment device Auxiliary and Additional devices

14 CNG dispenser CNG MEASURING SYSTEM METER TRANSDUCER CNG Measuring System Meter Transducer (measuring device) Coriolis Sensor Coriolis transducer Metering calculator Correction device Adjustment device Auxiliary and Aditional devices

15 Auxiliary and Additional devices TRANSDUCER ~215 bar 200 bar SAFETY DEVICES CONTROL DEVICES INDICATOR CALCULATOR PULSES

16 OIML R139 Constituents of CNG measuring system for vehicles

17 CNG Refueling station

18 CNG Refueling station DISTRIBUTION REFUELING STATION VEHICLE MEASURE STATION ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSOR MAIN STORAGE CNG DISPENSER

19 Alternative Compressor MOTOR COMPRESSOR

20 Multi-stage compressor Stages Cylinders Disposition

21 Alternative compressor bar MOTOR COMPRESSOR STORAGE Q Q Q Q 20 bar 7 bar C1 14 bar C2 50 bar C3 125 bar C4 250 bar

22 Compressor Package BUNKER

23 Refueling CNG station Storage ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSOR HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS CNG DISPENSER

24 Storage implementation

25 Cylinder inter-connection

26 Sequential control device

27 Sequential control device CONTROL SYSTEM ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSOR MAIN STORAGE CNG DISPENSER

28 Bank separation of the storage MAIN STORAGE HIGH P BANK MEDIUM P BANK LOW P BANK CONTROL SYSTEM CNG DISPENSER

29 Storage Sequential control device

30 Pneumatic schematics SEQUENTIAL CONTROL DEVICE

31 Vehicle Filling techniques

32 Fleet of Vehicles

33 No control device

34 Hours to complete the batch

35 Time demanding applications

36 Fast filling algorithms

37 A few minutes to complete the batch

38 Temperature measurement

39 Temperature measurement LM 35 Thermo-par T Thermo-resistance Thermistor

40 Thermo-par THERMO-COUPLE SEEBECK EFFECT

41 Thermo-resistance e.g. PT WIRES

42 Thermo-resistance Sensor (element)

43 Thermistor

44 Considerations THERMO-PAR (Thermocouple) THERMO-RESISTANCE THERMISTOR

45 Zero flow Test

46 Zero flow test ULTRASONIC FLOW METER CORIOLIS FLOW METER

47 Zero flow test in an ultrasonic meter FLUID VELOCITY SONIC VELOCITY TEMPERATURE PRESSURE

48 Fluid Velocity measurement 24 h ChordpathVelocity1 ChordpathVelocity2 ChordpathVelocity3 ChordpathVelocity4 1 h

49 Temperature measurement T 24 h 1 h

50 Verification

51 Test results FLUID VELOCITY CHORD MAX MIN DELTA DESVEST MEAN MEAN

52 Data analysis

53 Dry ( # 1 )

54 Dry ( # 2 )

55 Dry ( # 3 ) ?

56 Temperature distribution model

57 ADQ 1 2

58 Dry ( # 4 ) 1 2?

59 Thermowell considerations T

60 Sensor elements considerations

61 Zero flow test in a Coriolis meter MASS FLOW RATE TEMPERATURE

62 Coriolis meter, zero flow test Zero Flow Instant Readings Ok 24 h 1 h Ok?

63 Final consideration ULTRASONIC FLOW METER Why is usefull to test Zero Flow? CORIOLIS FLOW METER

64 Calculations

65 Case studies: Natural Gas Measuring systems VEHICULAR CNG Compressed Natural Gas Measuring Systems for Vehicles ULTRASONIC METER Natural Gas Measuring Systems with Ultrasonic Meters

66 Calculations MEASURING SYSTEM MEASUREMENT RESULT AGREEMENT REGULATION UNIT OF PRICE ( COMMERCE ) SPECIFIED PROCEDURE

67 Case study 1 ULTRASONIC METER Natural Gas Measuring Systems with Ultrasonic Meters

68 Review: Parts METERING MODULE MEASURING SYSTEM METER ASSOCIATED INSTRUMENTS CALCULATOR (FLOW COMPUTER)

69 Measuring System output MS ULTRASONIC METER?

70 Inputs and output V P CALCULATOR T MEASUREMENT RESULT %M CONSTANTS

71 1. ULTRASONIC METER VOLUME [ m 3 ] V M

72 2. PRESSURE SENSOR PRESSURE [ kpa ] P M

73 3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR TEMPERATURE [ ºC ] T M

74 4. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MOLAR PERCENTS [ dimensionless ] %M CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 ic 4 H 10 nc 4 H 10 ic 5 H 12 nc 5 H 12 C 6 's C 7 's C 8 's C 9 's N 2 CO 2 METHANE ETHANE PROPANE ISOBUTANE N-BUTANE ISOPENTANE N-PENTANE N-HEXANE+ N-HEPTANE+ N-OCTANE+ N-NONANE+ NITROGEN CARBON DIOXADE 89,5608 5,0023 1,0004 0,2959 0,2910 0,1006 0,1012 0,0619 0,0207 0,0201 0,0099 2,5358 0,9992 % % % % % % % % % % % % % TOTAL 100,0000 %

75 5. ULTRASONIC METER VOLUME [ m 3 ] V M PRESSURE SENSOR PRESSURE [ kpa ] P M TEMPERATURE SENSOR TEMPERATURE [ ºC ] T M GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MOLAR PERCENTAGES %M

76 6. VOLUME [ m 3 ] V M INPUT VARIABLES PRESSURE [ kpa ] TEMPERATURE [ ºC ] P M T M MOLAR PERCENTAGES %M

77 7. BASE TEMPERATURE = 15 ºC T B INPUT CONSTANTS BASE PRESSURE = 101,325 kpa P B REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE MJ kcal 38,94 3 = m m H R

78 8. V M VARIABLES P M T M %M FLOW COMPUTER UNIT OF PRICE (COMMERCE) MEASUREMENT RESULT CONSTANTS T B P B m 3 H R

79 9. T B P B H R V M P M T M %M FLOW COMPUTER V BH = f ( ) V M, T M, P M, T B, P B, H R, %M 1st: Volume at Base conditions V B f V M, T M, P M, T B, P B, % M

80 P M V M T M %M T B P B FLOW COMPUTER M P T P T V f V B B M M M B %,,,,, R M M B M B B M M BH H 1 H Z Z T T P P V = V Z? Volume at Base conditions 10.

81 11. Z: Compressibility Factor Z B = f ( ) %M, P B, T B COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AT BASE CONDITIONS Z M = f ( ) %M, P M, T M COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AT MEASURING CONDITIONS COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AT BASE CONDITIONS COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AT BASE CONDITIONS = SUPER COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR Z ISO 12213

82 FLOW COMPUTER M B B B M M M B Z Z P T P T V f V,,,,,, M P T P T V f V B B M M M B %,,,,, R M M B M B B M M BH H 1 H Z Z T T P P V = V 12.

83 M B M R B B M M M BH Z Z H H P T P T V f V,,,,,,,, M B B B M M M B Z Z P T P T V f V,,,,,, R M M B M B B M M BH H 1 H Z Z T T P P V = V AND THE CALORIFIC VALUE? 13.

84 14. H: Calorific Value H M = f ( ) %M H ISO 6976

85 15. Measurement Result V BH f V M, T M, P M, T B, P B, H R, H M, Z B, Z M VOLUME AT BASE CONDITIONS CORRECTED BY THE REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE

86 Measurement result V BH = V M P P M B T T B M Z Z B M H M 1 H R VOLUME AT BASE CONDITIONS CORRECTED BY THE REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE m 3 ARG

87 Considerations V BH = P T Z V M B B H M P T Z M B M M 3 [ m ] J [ ] VOLUMEN AT BASE CONDITIONS m 3 1 H R 1 [ J 3 m ] ENERGY LAW ARG VOLUME AT BASE CONDITIONS CORRECTED BY THE REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE

88 Measuring System output MS ULTRASONIC METER m 3 LAW ARG

89 Case study 2 VEHICULAR CNG Compressed Natural Gas Measuring Systems for Vehicles

90 Review: Parts MEASURING SYSTEM METER TRANSDUCER

91 Measuring System output MS VEHICULAR CNG?

92 Inputs and output M MEASUREMENT RESULT CALCULATOR PULSES CONSTANT F

93 CNG Factor CORIOLIS M CONSTANT F MASS CNG FACTOR = MEASUREMENT RESULT

94 Units INPUT VARIABLE MASS [ kg ] M INPUT CONSTANT CNG FACTOR [ kg /? ] F

95 Unit of price (ARG) VARIABLE M UNIT OF PRICE (COMMERCE) CALCULATOR MEASUREMENT RESULT CONSTANT F kg m 3

96 Unit of price (ARG) Measuring system m 3 M F = MEASUREMENT RESULT kg gge MASS CNG FACTOR = [ kg ] [ kg /? ]

97 Case (1) CNG Factor for CUBIC METERS UNIT OF PRICE VOLUME m 3 MASS CNG FACTOR = [ kg ] [ kg / m 3 ]

98 CNG measuring system for CUBIC METERS UNIT OF PRICE m 3 TRANSDUCER CALCULATOR INDICATOR PULSES 250 bar kg F m bar X 2 DISPENSER

99 Calculation method for CUBIC METERS m 3 CNG FACTOR NATURAL GAS RELATIVE DENSITY ( RELATED TO AIR ) BY LOCAL CHROMATOGRAPHY AIR DENSITY 1,225 kg/m3 REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE 38,9 MJ/m3 ( 9300 kcal / m3 ) [ ADIMENTIONAL ] CALORIFIC VALUE BY LOCAL CHROMATOGRAPHY VOLUME AT 15 C, 101,325 kpa AND 38,9 MJ/m3 ( 9300 kcal/m ) MEASUREMENT RESULT MASS (CORIOLIS METER)

100 Case (2) CNG Factor for KILOGRAMS UNIT OF PRICE MASS kg MASS CNG FACTOR = [ kg ] [ dimensionless ]

101 CNG measuring system for KILOGRAMS UNIT OF PRICE kg MEDIDOR CALCULADOR INDICADOR PULSOS 250 bar kg F kg 200 bar X 2 DISPENSER

102 Calculation method for KILOGRAMS kg CNG FACTOR [ ADIMENTIONAL ] REFERENCE CALORIFIC VALUE 38,9 MJ/m3 ( 9300 kcal / m3 ) CALORIFIC VALUE BY LOCAL CHROMATOGRAPHY [ ADIMENTIONAL ] MASS AT 38,9 MJ/m3 ( 9300 kcal/m ) MEASUREMENT RESULT MASS (CORIOLIS METER)

103 Cae (3) CNG Factor for GGE UNIT OF PRICE Gasoline Gallon Equivalent MASS [ kg ] GGE CNG FACTOR = [ kg / GGE ]

104 CNG measuring system for GGE UNIT OF PRICE GGE TRANSDUCER CALCULATOR INDICATOR PULSES 250 bar kg F GGE 200 bar X 2 DISPENSER

105 Calculation method NIST HANDBOOK GGE 1 GGE = POUNDS OF NATURAL GAS ( 1 GGE = 2,567 kg ) GGE = M COR F GGE: M COR : GASOLINE GALLON EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENT RESULT MASS (CORIOLIS METER) F = kg 2,567 GGE F: CNG FACTOR [ F ] = [ kg ] / [GGE]

106 Measuring System output MS VEHICULAR CNG?

107 Measuring System output MS VEHICULAR CNG m 3 LAW ARG

108 Considerations - Measurement interval - Measurement magnitude - Calculation algorithms

109 Measurement interval 1 s 1 s V M P M 3 [ m ] [ ] kpa MS ULTRASONIC METER 1 s 4 min T M %M [ ] º C [ ] adim. FLOW COMPUTER V BH 3 [ m ] 1 s 1 s T B P B [ ] ºC [ ] kpa 1 s 4 min?? 1 s H R J [ ] 3 m

110 Measurement interval M MS VEHICULAR CNG F CALCULATOR? LOCAL CHROMATOGRAPHY INFORMATION

111 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CALCULATIONS

112 Consideration * What should we Be Measuring? ENERGY

113 Consideration ** Why Measure Energy? ENERGY

114 Consideration *** What we can Measure? ACTUAL VOLUME PRESSURE TEMPERATURE COMPOSITION

115 Consideration **** What we can calculate? REFERENCE VOLUME CORRECTED MASS ENERGY

116 Final considerations We should measure: ENERGY but we measure: ACTUAL VOLUME PRESSURE TEMPERATURE COMPOSITION MASS and we calculate: REFERENCE VOLUME CORRECTED MASS ENERGY

117 Verification of Calculation algorithms VARIABLES CONSTANTS SIMULATOR MEASUREMENT RESULT Simulation of calculations

118 CNG measuring systems metrological control

119 CNG Regulation ARG Res. SCI 88/2012

120 Pattern approval Laboratorio de GNC EBC COMPRESSOR CHAMBER SCALES N 2

121 Verifications On site metrological controls DISPENSER TRAVELLING STANDARD VEHICLE

122 Equipment in use? CNG

123 Only Unit Verification Error of measurement Identification CNG Sealing devices Expiration date

124 Metrological control PATTERN APROVAL INITIAL VERIFIC. PERIODIC VERIFIC. 1 YEAR SURVAIL. VERIFIC. MEASURING SYSTEM ( H2O ) ( H2O or N2 ) METER ( H2O or N2 ) TRANSDUCER ( H2O )

125 CNG Pattern approval Tests PERFORMANCE TESTS: CONSTANT FLOW TESTS INFLUENCE FACTORS TESTS Ambient Temperature Variation ELECTRONIC DEVICES TEST VARIABLE FLOW TESTS DURABILITY times in 6 months SPECIFIC TESTS Drift Flow Disturbances Zero flow test Dry heat Cold Wet heat, steady state Wet heat, cyclic state Vibration (random) Voltage suply variation Electrical burst Electrostatic discharges Electromagnetic susceptibility Conducted electromagnetic fields

126 CNG Verification Tests INITIAL VERIFICATION TESTS: MEASURING SYSTEM -STAGE 1: TRANSDUCER (AIR OR N2 IN THE FACTORY) -STAGE 2: METER (AIR OR N2 IN THE FACTORY) -STAGE 3: IN SITU VERIFICATION (MASTER METER METHOD) METER H2O OR N2 IN THE FACTORY TRANSDUCER H2O OR N2 IN FACTORY PERIODIC VERIFICATION TEST: -STAGE 3: IN SITU VERIFICATION (MASTER METER METHOD) -1 YEAR

127 Maximum permissible errors PATTERN APPROVAL INITIAL VERIFICATION SUBSECUENT VERIFICATION Lab Lab In.situ In.situ METER / TRANSDUCER 1% 1% - - MEASURING SYSTEM 1,5% - 2% 2%

128 Comparison OIML R139 / R140

129 Constituents, OIML R139

130 Constituents, OIML R140

131 Distance to the CVDD 1st CASE: CVDD CLOSE TO THE METER (e.g. ON LINE GC) 2nd CASE: REMOTE CVDD (REGION) AND SECURE COMMUNICATION 3rd CASE: REMOTE CVDD AND: NON SECURED COMMUNICATIO AND/OR MANUALLY ENTERED DATA

132 Comparison MEASURING SYSTEM METER TRANSDUCER MEASURING SYSTEM METERING MODULE METER ASSOCIATED INSTRUMENTS CALCULATOR

133 UM Regulation ARG Res. SCI 89/2012

134 UM Pattern approval Tests PERFORMANCE TESTS: DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS ERROR (DINAMYC CALIBRATION) ZERO FLOW TEST CALCULATIONS VERIFICATION TEST PRESSURE CALIBRATION TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION GC CALIBRATION ELECTRONIC DEVICES TESTS: Dry heat Cold Wet heat, steady state Wet heat, cyclic state Vibration (random) Vibration (senoidal) Voltage suply variation Electrical burst Electrical discharges Electrostatic discharges Electromagnetic susceptibility

135 UM Verification Tests INITIAL VERIFICATION TESTS: MEASURING SYSTEM DESIGN ANALYSIS: MECHANICAL, PARTS INTERACTION PERIODIC VERIFICATION TEST: MEASURING SYSTEM 1 YEAR: IN SITU VERIFICATION (ST, SP, %M, SIMULATION) (WITHOUT REMOVING THE METER FROM PIPELINE) 3 YEAR: GEOMETRIC STABILITY ZERO FLOW TEST 6 YEARS: DYNAMIC CALIBRATION

136 PATTERN APROVAL INITIAL VERIFIC. 1 YEAR PERIODIC VERIFICATION 6 YEARS 3 YEARS SURVAIL. VERIFIC. MEASURING SYSTEM METER FLOW COMPUTER GAS CHROMAT. TEMP. SENSOR Metrological control PRESSURE SENSOR

137 Temperature sensor verification test

138 Pressure sensor verification test

139 Gas Chromatograph verification test Control gas Verification * Verification **

140 Calculator (Flow computer) verification test

141 Zero flow test

142 Equipment in use?

143 Only Unit Verification Metrological control 1 year 3 years 6 years Expiration date

144 Part 3: Summary of contents - CNG dispenser - CNG refueling station - Sequential control device - Temperature measurement - Zero flow test - Calculations. Natural gas base conditions, corrections, energy. - Unit of price, CNG factor. - Cubic meter (m3), kilogram (kg). - CNG measuring systems, metrological control. - Pattern approval, metrological and technical requirements. - Performance tests. - CNG measuring systems verifications. - Initial, periodic and subsequent. Declaration of conformity. - Comparison OIML R139 / R140 End of Part 3

145 Thanks for your Attention!!! Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards 1-2 Century Drive, Trincity Industrial Estate, Macoya Trinidad and Tobago November, 2015