An Approach to New Concept of Time on the Basis of Four Fundamental Forces of Nature

Transcription

1 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June An Approh o New Conep of Tme on he Bss of Four Fundmenl Fores of Nure B K Borh Deprmen of Phss Jorh Insue of Sene & Tehnolo Jorh Assm Ind Absr- The purpose of hs shor wre-up s smpl o presen new onep of me whh vn us nurll Loren epresson n smple w wh smple mhems lso n be eended for -dmensonl spe-me onnuum. In hs wre-up espell prulr enon s ven o he seven dmensonl mer μν. In mer or lne elemen we nrodued + dmensons where usul spe omponens noher me omponens nsed of on he bss of he four fundmenl fores of nure. Smlr o he Loren s rnsformon n dmensonl spe-me onnuums he dmensonl onnuums lso ve he sme pe rnsformon μν equons. The fundmenl ensors our boh n he formul for nervl n he formul for rjeor. In he frs se ppers s se of qunes deermnn he nure of spe-me eomer n he seond se he frs dervves of μν ppers n he Chrsoffel -nde smbols. Noon The noonl hsor of hher spe- mes s nnonl onfusn lke h of erl ensor lulus mnl beuse one normll denoes me s he nde for he spe ndes. Usn s he nde for he ffh sh seven dmensons seems o be problem. Therefore I wll use o denoe he ffh o sh o sevenh dmenson so spe me dmensons wll o lke s frs for spe noher for me omponens. In denon he full omplemen of dmensonl spe me ndes I wll use he Greek ndes =. PACS:...-q..Cv Inde Terms- -dmensonl spe-me onnuum -me omponens velo of hnes hnn onsn own ener qun. I I. INTRODUCTION s lkel h we wll hve hrd me n nswern n smple w he fundmenl queson wh s me? [. Ineresnl enouh hs dfful n defnn n wor wh me s s no of re onern o hose bennn he sud of phss sne we know how o mesure! Tme s wh s mesured wh lok. In phlosophl fundmenl [ dsussons of spel heor of relv s lmed h relvs me does no hve he sme sus s me n lssl phss; n relv heor me s sd s muh more onvenonl hn s ounerpr n lssl phss. Relvs me s more sronl onneed wh phsl phenomen hn s lssl ounerpr s herefore no onvenonl n n neresn sense. For dsusson of he phlosophl snfne of relvs me s mporn however o be ler bou he e nure of he lnk beween he me prmeer phsl phenomen proesses. In 9 Ensen [ usn Loren epresson esblshed h he fourh dmenson of nure s me-s denoed s where s he velo of lh n vuum s me. Aordn o Mnkowsk [ our world s omposed no of pons n he Eulden -dmensonl spe bu of evens n - dmensonl spe-me onnuum. An even n be onsdered o hve four o-ordnes of whh hree re spe o-ordnes fourh nvolves me. Shorl fer Ensen s November 9 nnounemen of hs enerl heor of relv phss ned effors o enerle n emps o develop unfed feld heor of he rvonl elero-mne fore. Sne onl wo fores [8 re known h me. Noble [9 mon hese effors were hose of Wel 98 Klu 9. In 98 he mheml phsss Hermnn Wel used n nuvel ppeln verson of non-remnnn eomer o embed he enrel of elerodnms no he ffne onneon of enerl relv. Then n 99 he Polsh-Germn phss Theodor Klu me up wh noher de h emploed ordnr Remnnn eomer bu wh fve dmensons me spes. Ensen fmousl luded Wel s heor bu qukl whdrew hs suppor when he dsovered h he heor ws no phsl. Ensen smlrl prsed Klu s de lhouh Ensen oher promnen phss of he d were unomforble wh he de of fve dmensonl world. In 9 he Swedsh phss Oskr Klen [ me up wh some mjor mprovemens o Klu s heor whh me beme unversll known s Klu-Klen heor. Bu he heor lnushed for dedes unl he erl dven of srn heor n he 9s when serous neres n er dmensons eperened resurene. The purpose of hs rle s smpl o nrodue he bs onep of me lookn no he er dmensons of spe-me onnuum. Therefore n hs work we pu here jusfon for -dmensonl spe-me onnuums where spe me omponens on he bss of he four fundmenl fores of nure v elero-mne sron wek rvonl fores.

2 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June II. ASSUMPTIONS Chne evoluon re fundmenl spes of he unverse. Chne evoluon s he desrpon of he medum o eperene he me me shows self s prmeer of proesses of hne [. If somehn were unhnn we would no hve n eperene of me n relon o h. I would be lke s pure. Phss hs lred dsovered four fundmenl fores of nure v elero-mne sron wek rvonl fores whereb our unverse s overned. Our unverse s onsnl ben ed upon b hese four fundmenl fores. Chnes our n four dfferen ws o-respondn o four fores. For dfferen ws of hne deermned he four omponens of me. Sne hnes our hene me flows n forwrd dreon. III. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION Le we onsder our ssumpon h me shows self s prmeer of proess of hne for prulr fundmenl fore he hnn ours wh onsn speed. dr Where r s poson o-ordne s me s onsn bu represen velo of hnes our due o prulr fundmenl fore. Le for smll me he hnes our s r d dr d d Now we onsder he prulr fundmenl fore of nure whh s elero-mne e-m fore s responsble for hnes n nure espell n moleulr om level. Due o hs e-m neron he hnes our wh onsn speed n ll level of nure nludn espell n moleulr The nervl beween wo nehbourn even s om level lso. Bu n e-m neron phoon pls vl role wh he speed s medor prle s responsble for hnes n boh moleulr om level. Ths ves us h he speed s nohn bu he speed of lh sne lh s known s phoon prle. Hene equon beomes d d The equon s nohn bu he Loren epresson. The nervl beween wo nehbourn even s d d And hs epresson mus be ndependen of he rnsformon from one ssem o noher. Hene he epresson s nvrn for Loren rnsformon [. Aordn o ssumpon h hnes our n our world n four dfferen ws o-respondn o four dfferen fundmenl fores of nure. Now we onsder he hnes our n nure due o he four fundmenl fores of nure whh ves r Here = re he omponens of me hnn onsns due o e-m sron wek rvonl fores of nure respevel. In equon he uns of represens he un of velo. Now he hnes our for smll me he bove equon usn summon onvenon dr dr d d d d The bove equon n be wren s d d Here / sne ;

3 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June / & / / re oher onsns. Aordn o Mnkowsk [ n even n be onsdered o hve four o-ordnes of whh hree re spe o-ordnes he fourh nvolves me. Now onsder he ssumpons whh ves h he spe me onnuum hs + dmensons spe me o-ordnes. So n even n be onsdered o hve seven o-ordnes of whh re spe o-ordnes nvolves me s he phsl world hnes due o he four fundmenl fores of nure. Le be oordnes of wo nehbourn evens n n ssem hn he nervl beween wo evens s ven b 8 Now he equon 8 omprn wh equon we e d d 9 Where.. Loren rnsformon Le onsder pon hvn o-ordnes for S s ssem respevel suh h he s ssem moves n -dreon me omponens n s dreon smlr o Loren rnsformon [ he rnsformon beomes v v

4 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June Where v for elero-mne fore.. Spe lke me lke nervls Now onsder wo evens n our -dmensonl spe-me onnuum whose o-ordnes re n S-ssem [ [ s In s ssem hs s rnsformed o [ [ s Wrn equon wh he help of equon we hve s s Ths proves h he nervl s s Loren nvrn [. If S hen he nervl S ven b equon s [ [ Ths sues h d d Ths s known s he equon of null one. If [ s S The nervl S s rel lled me lke nervls. If [ S S The nervl S s mnr lled spe lke nervls... Remnnn mer In Remnnn spe [ of n dmensons he mer or lne elemen for he dsne beween wo nehbourn pons s Here n... Obvousl equon m be redue o n spel se. In equon

5 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June n n n n nn The re funons of he o-ordnes m herefore vr from pon o pon. These funons re smmerl The s fundmenl o-vrn ensor of rnk oben rnsformon lw Where he qunes rrn br orrespond o he new o-ordne ssem. The fundmenl ensor our boh n he formul for nervl n he formul for rjeor [. The funons lled he o-effen of mer re no neessrl posve bu s lws ssumed h he deermnn n n n n nn s never ero. I wll be noe h ordnr -dmensonl spe s prulr se of Remnnn spe n whh 8 The Loren spe-me onnuum n spel heor ven b equon s lso spel se ven b Remnnn mer for - dmensonl spe-me onnuum [ hene & 9 Now n smlr w our heor ven b equon s lso spel se ven b Remnnn mer for -dmensonl speme onnuum hene omprn hs wh equon

6 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June &. Hene & & A free prle moves lon eodes [ he dfferenl equon s ven b d Here s lled Chrsoffel hree-nde smbols of seond knd s equl o For = ves seven equons deermnn eodess. For fl spe-me Consn Ths. Hene Consn. d d d d d d d Inern hs we e. An nern we e s b

7 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June Where m b re onsn of neron. Evdenl equon s he pe hene represens srh lne. Referred o spherl polr o-ordnes me he lne elemen n fl spe-me s ven b dr r d r sn d Here s ken o be un n order o use sronoml uns & for e-m neron. In equon he onsn IV. CONCLUSIONS sne where s he speed of lh n vuum oher onsns re o be deermned ordn o he nure of four fundmenl fores. The nures of he four fundmenl fores re no sme whh ves us h he onsns n equon re no sme Gves us h he noher onsns 8 Nure hs fed us he ees whh pereve hnes b mens of lh. Lh s he prle lled phoon medor prle of elero-mne neron hvn ener qun E=hν. Supposn we ould look nure b mens of some oher medor prle of n noher fore hn phoon hen he h dmenson of Loren epresson wll be he produ of me he velo of h prle. In se of sron wek neron he hnes our due o he role pls b her medor prles herefore re he speed of her medor prles respevel. If re he velo of medor prles hen he mus hve her own ener qun ordn o her own nure of he fores. The sron wek fore onfned [ whn he lm 8 m m respevel. Hene n our norml lfe hese wo omponens of me for sron for wek re no ffeed. The onl for elero-mne for rvonl me omponens re relble. Bu he problem rses n se of rvonl fore. Is here n medor prle lke oher fores? No dsn nswer. Some uhors lmed h rvonl hnes our due o medor prle known s rvon [ hpohel prle. Bu n se of oher fores behnd he hnn here s lws medor prle whh ve us o hnk h here m hve suh pe of prle hvn speed for he rvonl fore. & In equon 8 he vlues of re no equl bu m be reer or less hn. If he vlue of none onsn s reer hn possbl n se of rvonl medor prle suppors he esene of hons [. Oher pplons of he -dmensonl spe-me onnuum lef for he forh omn ppers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I m reful o P Sk JIST hs fren for her helps. REFERENCES [ Guerr V \de Abreu R The onepulon of me he onsn of he speed of lh Eur. J. Phs. s s [ Deks D 99 Tme n spel relv s phlosophl snfne Eur J. Phs. 9 [ Gnneo E One up on Ensen J. Phs. A. Mh. Theor. 8 [ Bermnn P G 99 Inroduon o he heor of Relv Prene Hll of Pv. Ld. New Delh - p 8 [ MOLLER C 9 The Theor of Relv Publshed b Oford Unvers Press P 8 9 [ R M 9 Theor of Relv publshed b S. Ch & Co. New Delh Ind p 9 8 [ Hrle J B Grv An Inroduon o Ensen s Generl Relv Publshed b Person Eduon & Dorln Kndersle p 8 8 [8 Srub W O 8 Klu Klen Theor Psden Clforn [9 Bln D Love A 98 Klu Klen Theores Rep. Pro. Phs. 8 [ Klu T 9 On he unfon problem of phss S. Ber. Preuss. Akd. Wss 9 Reprodued n O Rferh s book [ Klen O 9 Qunum Theor Fve dmensonl Relv Ze. F. Phsk 89 Reprodued n O Rferh s book [ Tl D C Nuler Phss Hml Publshn House Mumb P [ Grffhs D 98 Inroduon o Elemenr prles publshed b John Wll & Sons New York p. [ Brshenkov V S 9 Thons Prles movn wh Veloes reer hn he speed of Lh Sov. Phs. Usp

8 Inernonl Journl of Senf Reserh Publons Volume Issue June 8 AUTHORS Frs Auhor B K Borh Deprmen of Phss Jorh Insue of Sene & Tehnolo Jorh Assm Ind E- ml: bkshrls@ml.om