ON VERTICAL INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK ELEMENT OF TRANSISTOR-TRANSISTOR LOGIC

Transcription

1 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 ON ERA NEGRAON RAMEWORK EEMEN O RANSSOR-RANSSOR OG E.. arao E.A. Blaa Nh Nooro Sa Ur 3 Gaar a Nh Nooro 6395 Ra Nh Nooro Sa Ur of Arhr a l Er 65 l' r Nh Nooro 6395 Ra ABSRA h papr ro a approah o ra ral rao of lm of raor-raor lo h fo AN-NO. ramor h approah or a hrorr h pal ofrao. Sral pf ara of h hrorr hol b op b ffo or o mplaao. Aal of opa a/or raao f hol b opm. KEYWORS raor-raor lo; opmao of mafar; ra of mo of raor; aalal approah for moll. NROUON A aal a l ol problm of ol a lro ra of rao ra of lm of ra r (p--jo hr m al) [-8]. ra of h rao ra la o o ra hr mo. o ra h mo ar ral approah. h ar l lar a mroa p of aal of f opa. h p of aal ar alo l for aal of raao f ra r o mplaao [9-7]. U h approah a pobl o ra rao ra of lm of ra r hroh homo of holoal paramr o ra homoo rbo of mprar. h ao o a oba ra mo of lm of ra r [8] h ao Arrh la [3]. Aohr approah o mafar lm of ra r h mallr mo op of hrorr b ffo or o mplaao [-3]. Hor h a opmao of opa a/or raao f rqr [8]. h papr or a hrorr pr.. h hrorr o of a bra a ral paal lar (. ). Som o ha b mafar h paal lar o a ho o.. rhr or op of h o b ffo or o mplaao. h op a pobl o mafar raor a p-jo o a ho o.. h mafar a pobl o prpar lm of raor-raor lo o. a. Afr h or op opa a/or raao f hol b aal. ramor h papr aal am of rrbo of opa a/or raao f r hr aal. Smlar loal lm ha b or [9]. W ro a approah o ra mo of h lm. Hor ar o ompla holoal pro. O :.5/ja.5.33

2 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5. a. ompoo lm raor-raor lo. from abo. Bla mar raor a p- -jo mafar b op of appropra o of h paal lar. mo of h ar ra. raor a mlmr raor. Emr ha b mar b lr E. h a hr mbr h mlmr raor. a ma opa of p a p p--jo. R mar ror (R ) a r ha o ra of hr mo. b. Hrorr hh o of a bra a paal lar h o mafar b aohr maral. h fr ho rao of a mlmr a homomr raor. ah l ar llra r

3 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 3 Sbra Ba ollor Emr Ba ollor Emr.. Hrorr hh o of a bra a paal lar h o mafar b aohr maral. h fr ho rao of o homomr raor. ah l ar llra r. MEHO O SOUON h o rm pao-mporal rbo of orao of f a mpla opa. o rm h rbo alla appropra olo of h o ' la [38]. () Boar a al oo for h qao ar ()f (). () h fo () rb h pao-mporal rbo of orao of opa; h mprar of aal; С h opa ffo off. al of opa ffo off ol b ha h ha maral of hrorr h ha mprar of maral (l aal) h ha orao of opa a raao f. W approma p of opa ffo off o paramr b h follo rlao h ao rl Rf. [-] * * ς ς ξ. (3) Hr h fo () rb h paal ( hrorr) a mprar ( o Arrh la) p of ffo off of opa. h fo () rb h lm of olbl of opa. aramr [3] rb ara qa of har f ra h aom of opa []. h fo () rb h pao-mporal rbo of orao of raao aa. aramr * rb h qlbrm rbo of orao of aa. h or oraoal p of opa ffo off ha b rb al []. hol b o ha ffo p of op o rao raao f. h ao ζ ζ. W rm paomporal rbo of orao of raao f b ol h follo m of qao []

4 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 4 (4). Boar a al oo for h qao ar ()f (). (5) Hr. h fo () rb h pao-mporal rbo of orao of raao ral; () ar h ffo off of po raao f; rm () a () orrpo o rao aa a ral; () h paramr of rombao of po raao f; () a () ar h paramr of rao of mpl ompl of po raao f. rhr rm rbo pa a m of orao of aa () a ral () b ol h follo m of qao [] (6). Boar a al oo for h qao ar ()f () ()f (). (7)

5 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 5 Hr () ar h ffo off of h abo ompl of raao f; () a () ar h paramr of a of h ompl. W alla rbo of orao of po raao f pa a m b rl labora approah [8]. h approah ba o raformao of appromao of ffo off h follo form: () [ ()] hr ar h ara al of ffo off < (). W alo aaloo raformao of appromao of paramr of rombao of po f a paramr of rao of hr ompl: () [ ()] () [ ()] a () [ ()] hr ar h hr ara al < < < () () (). ro h follo mol arabl: * / / * ω Ω /. h roo la o raformao of Eq.(4) a oo (5) o h follo form { ω Ω (8) { ω Ω * f. (9) W rm olo of Eq.(8) h oo (9) framor rl ro approah [8].. a h por r Ω j j j ω. () Sbo of h r () o Eq.(8) a oo (9) pobl o oba qao for al-orr appromao of orao of po f a a orro for hm j a j j. h qao ar pr h App. Solo of h qao ol b oba b aar orr approah [45]. h olo ar pr h App.

6 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 6 No alla rbo of orao of mpl ompl of po raao f pa a m. o rm h rbo raform appromao of ffo off h follo form: () [ ()] hr ar h ara al of ffo off. h ao h Eq.(6) ol b r a. arhr rm olo of abo qao a h follo por r. () No h r () o Eq.(6) a appropra boar a al oo. h h pobl o oba qao for al-orr appromao of orao of ompl of f () orro for hm () (for hm ) a boar a al oo for hm. W rmo qao a oo o h App. Solo of h qao ha b alla b aar approah [45] a pr h App. No alla rbo of orao of opa pa a m b h approah hh a for aal of raao f. o h approah or follo raformao of appromao of opa ffo off: () [ ()] hr h ara al of opa ffo off < (). arhr or olo of Eq.() a h follo r: j j j ξ. U h rlao o Eq.() a oo () la o oba qao for h fo j () ( j ) boar a al oo for hm. h qao ar pr h App. Solo of h qao ha b alla b aar approah ( for ampl [45]). h olo ar pr h App. W aal rbo of orao of opa a raao f pa a m aalall b h o-orr appromao o all paramr hh ha b appropra r. Uall h o-orr appromao ar oh oo appromao o ma qala aal a o oba qaa rl. All aalal rl ha b h b mral mlao.

7 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 3. SUSSON h o aal pao-mporal rbo of orao of opa.. ho pal paal rbo of orao of opa hborhoo of rfa of hrorr. W alla h rbo of orao of opa r h follo oo: al of opa ffo off op ara larr ha al of opa ffo off ar ara. h ao o a f ra of harp of p-jo h ra of homo of rbo of orao of opa a o m. h boh ff ol b oba boh ao h p--jo ar l a framor hr m (raor hror). ha rlao b al of opa ffo off la o oppo rl (. 3).. a. p of orao of opa f hrorr from. o oora ro hh prplar o rfa b paal lar bra. ffr b al of opa ffo off lar of hrorr ra h ra of mbr of r. al of opa ffo off h paal lar larr ha al of opa ffo off h bra (Θ)..5 Epaal lar Sbra. /4 / 3/4. b. p of orao of opa mpla hrorr from. o oora ro hh prplar o rfa b paal lar bra. ffr b al of opa ffo off lar of hrorr ra h ra of mbr of r. al of opa ffo off h paal lar larr ha al of opa ffo off h bra. r orrpo o homoo ampl a aal m Θ.48 ( )/. r orrpo o homoo ampl a aal m Θ.57 ( )/. r 3 a 4 orrpo o hrorr from. ; aal m Θ.48 ( )/ a Θ.57 ( )/ rpl 7

8 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5.3a. rbo of orao of opa f ara o of paal lar of hrorr from. ro paralll o rfa b paal lar a bra of hrorr. ffr b al of opa ffo off ra h ra of mbr of r. al of opa ffo off h o mallr ha al of opa ffo off ar o. f ().. Epaal lar Sbra (Θ).... Epaal lar /4 / 3/4.3b. alla rbo of mpla opa paal lar of hrorr. Sol l ar paal rbo of mpla opa m of o paal lar. h l ar paal rbo of mpla opa o paal lar. Aal m ra h ra of mbr of r hol b o ha framor h or approah o hall opm aal of opa a/or raao f. o o h opmao rl ro rro [6-34]. h opmao ba o appromao ral rbo b p- fo ψ (. 4). arhr h rqr al of opmal aal m ha b alla b mmao h follo ma-qar rror U [ ( Θ) ( ) ] ψ. () 8

9 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 (Θ) 3 4.4a. rbo of orao of f opa ph of hrorr from. for ffr al of aal m (r -4) a al p- appromao (r ). ra of mbr of r orrpo o ra of aal m 3 4 (Θ).4b. rbo of orao of mpla opa ph of hrorr from. for ffr al of aal m (r -4) a al p- appromao (r ). ra of mbr of r orrpo o ra of aal m W ho opmal al of aal m a fo of paramr o. 5. o ha aar p of mafar o-op rr aal of raao f. h al a afr fh h aal opa ah rfa b lar of hrorr. f h opa ha o oh m o ah h rfa praabl o aal h opa aoall. h. 5b ho h rb p of opmal al of aoal aal m for h am paramr a for. 5a. N o aal raao f la o mallr al of opmal aal of mpla opa omparo h opmal aal m of f opa Θ a/ ξ.5a. mol opmal aal m of f opa a a fo of ral paramr. r rb h p of h aal m o h rlao a/ a ξ for qal o ah ohr al of opa ffo off all par of hrorr. r rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr for a// a ξ. r 3 rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr ξ for a// a. r 4 rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr for a// a ξ 9

10 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A Θ a/ ξ.5b. mol opmal aal m of mpla opa a a fo of ral paramr. r rb h p of h aal m o h rlao a/ a ξ for qal o ah ohr al of opa ffo off all par of hrorr. r rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr for a// a ξ. r 3 rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr ξ for a// a. r 4 rb h p of h aal m o al of paramr for a// a ξ 4. ONUSONS h papr ro a approah of ral rao framor lm of raorraor lo. h approah pobl o ra ara of h lm h mallr ra of h lm h. AKNOWEGEMENS h or ppor b h arm of A 7 3.В b h Mr of ao a of h Ra rao a obah Sa Ur of Nh Nooro a aoal fllohp for f rarh of Gorm of Ra a of Nh Nooro Sa Ur of Arhr a l Er. REERENES [].. ah N.S. Salo. Elro (ho Roo-a-o ). [] A.G. Alo.. Shar. Mrorr (Rao a ommao Moo 99). [3] N.A. Aa Y.E. Namo.. rol. Ba of mrolro (Rao a ommao Moo 99). [4]. ah B. oroah. Ara aal of lobal ro ao-fpa. Nao. ol. 4 (3) (9). [5]. ah B. oroah N. Maom. Nao. N ha o aal a mr aoal holo. ol. 4 (4) (9). [6] S.A. hahl.n.a. aar N. So N.M. Kar N. Yop. aro ANOA aal for MOS.8 µm o-a Op-amp. Ma. S. Sm. ro. ol (4). [7] A.O. A A.E. Bla N.S. Bolo.N. ao R.. Koaoa Ya.Ya. Kr.M... Ml A.. Saho. A-B--6H-S Sho barrr o: h far of rr flo rf a orf oa. Smoor. ol. 43 (7) (9). [8] Z. J. Walro. hprohm. Wl R.. Karl Jr... ho. Moolh rao of lh-m o a por mal-o-moor hal hh-lro-mobl raor for lh-m por ra r GaN o apphr bra. Appl. h.. ol. (9) (3).

11 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 [9] J-H a Shao-Y h W-Sh or r- Go. Hh-prforma Ga/GaA pp δ-op hrojo bpolar raor. Smoor. ol. 43 (7) (9). [] O.. Alaro A.O. Zahar' N.A. Sobol E.. Sh M.M. Maoh E.O. arh. ormao of oor r afr aal of prom a holmm mpla lo. Smoor. ol. 3 (9) (998). [] M.J. Kmar.. Sh. Qam ofm ff ra lo mof.. J. Nao. ol. 7 (-3) (8). []. Srmal K. Harma S.B. Km J. Ho. S H.H. ar R. harabor. Boa R.G. Goro. Eha h ff of SS olar ll a ba-off r h a olf bffr lar. Appl. h.. ol. (5) (3). [3] J.G. Rol.. Rol Jr.A. Mohaa J.. Mh J.E. Ro H.O. Er.E. Ap. Shallo apor ompl p-p ZO. Appl. h.. ol. (5) (3). [4] K.K. O K...S. A..S. W X.. Wa Y.. ho. opa rbo h rrallao ra a h mamm ml ph b lar aal. Appl. h.. 89 (7) 7-74 (6). [5] H.. Wa.S. a E.. hor. l lar aal of B-mpla GaN. J. Appl. h. 98 (9) (6). [6] S.. Shha.S. Shha S.K. Rala. Shallo p--jo S prpar b pl phoo aal. Smoor. ol.36 (5) (). [7] Y.. Bo A.G. Yrm N.A. Zharoa.. loo K.. Rbao M.N. roo Y.N. roo.. Spo. ffo pro moor rr r mroa aal. Raoph a Qam Elro. ol. 43 (3) (3). [8] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. R horal S. ol. () (3). [9] Y.N. Erof. l (Hhr Shool Moo 989 Ra). [].. Kol. Mofao of moor b proo bam (Naa Sa-rbr 3 Ra). [] Z.Y. Gora. holo of mrolro (Rao a ommao Moo 99). [].. G.A. Kholoar' Raa ph of moor. ("Naoa ma" K 979 Ra). [3].M. ah.b. Grff J.. lmmr. R. Mo. h ol [4] A.N. hoo A.A. Samar. h mahmaal ph qao (Moo Naa 97) ( Ra). [5] H.S. arla J.. Jar. oo of ha ol (Ofor Ur r 964). [6] E.. arao. opa ffo am a opmal ffo m a fl b ffooff oform. Ra Mrolro () [7] E.. arao. Rrbo of opa r aal of raa f a mllar rr b lar a for proo a mpla-jo rfr.. J. Nao. ol. 7 (4-5) (8). [8] E.. arao. ra of ph of mpla-jo rfr moor hrorr b opm lar aal. J. omp. hor. Nao. ol. 7 () (). [9] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. Applao of a homo o ra ompa of ral fl-ff raor. J. omp. hor. Nao. ol. (4) (3). [3] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. Opmao of op of hrorr r mafar of p- --o. Nao a Naor. ol. () (3). [3] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. A approah o ra mo of fl-ff raor. Ural Joral of Maral S. ol. ()..6- (3). [3] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. A approah o mafar a hrobpolar raor h flm rr. O h mho of opmao.. J. Mro-Nao Sal rap. ol. 4 () (4). [33] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. Applao of a homo o ra ompa of ral fl-ff raor. J. Naor a Naomafar. ol. (3) (). [34] E.. arao E.A. Blaa. fl of ra of opa o rbo of opa ffohrojo rfr. J. A. h. ol. () (3).

12 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 Ahor arao E ooh a bor a 977. rom 985 o 995 h a a a oar hool Nh Nooro. rom 995 o 4 h a a Nh Nooro Sa Ur: from 995 o 999 a bahlor or Raoph from 999 o a mar or Raoph h palao Saal Raoph from o 4 a h or Raoph. rom 4 o 8 E.. arao a a la holo for h of Mrorr. rom 8 o E.. arao a a or lr/aoa rofor of Nh Nooro Sa Ur of Arhr a l Er. No E.. arao h ll oor or Raophal parm of Nh Nooro Sa Ur. H ha pblh papr ara of h rarh. Blaa Ela Ala a bor a 99. rom 997 o 7 h a a oar hool of lla Kohoo of Nh Nooro ro. rom 7 o 9 h a a boar hool r for f hlr. rom 9 h a of Nh Nooro Sa Ur of Arhr a l Er (paal Am a maam of ral a ). A h am m h a of or ralaor h fl of profoal ommao a (ror ar) h Ur. E.A. Blaa a a orbor of ra of r of Ra (ra MK-548..). Sh ha 74 pblh papr ara of hr rarh. AENX Eqao for h fo j a j j a oo for hm ;

13 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 3 ; ; ; [

14 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 4 [ ; Е ; ;

15 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 5 ; j j j j j j ( j ); * f j ( j ). Solo of h abo qao ol b r a hr * o o o f p () o ( ) p ;

16 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 6 hr () ( ); ; [ ] ; ; ; [ ]

17 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 7 ;

18 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 8 ; { } { }. Eqao for fo () o rb orao of mpl ompl of raao f. ; ;

19 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 9 Boar a al oo for h fo a h form ; ()f () (). Solo of h abo qao ol b r a [ ] hr f p () o ( / ); hr () ( / ). Eqao for h fo j () ( j ) boar a al oo ol b r a ;

20 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 ; ; ;

21 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 ; j j j j j j j ; ()f () j () j. o j () ( j ) ol b approma b h follo r r olo of h abo qao. Hr p f ; ;

22 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 ; ;

23 raoal Joral of Appl orol Elral a Elro Er (JAEEE) ol 3 No.3 A 5 3.