Oroville Union High School District Science Curriculum

Transcription

1 Oroville Union High School District Science Curriculum Science - Physics Physics COURSE TITLE: Physics LENGTH OF COURSE: One Year TYPE OF CREDIT: Science (10 credits) GRADE Level: PREREQUISITE: One Year Course of laboratory science, concurrent enrollment in Advanced Algebra. TEXTBOOK: Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, San Francisco, CA, 2002 ISBN # COURSE DESCRIPTION: Physics is quantitative study which includes energy, mechanics, wave motion, light, sound, heat and electricity. It is designed to acquaint the student with the laws of the physical environment through the use of laboratory laboratory. Applications to modern laboratory are emphasized. Physics is an essential course or those students considering technical or engineering careers. NOTES: This laboratory meets the U.C. "A-G" Subject" requirement. Standards that all students are expected to achieve in the course of their studies are unmarked. Standards that all students should have the opportunity to learn are marked with an asterisk (*). BOARD ADOPTION DATE: JUNE 19, 2002 Motion and Forces Understand that the motion of objects is generally predictable using Newton's laws. Constant and Average Speed The learner will be able to solve problems that involve constant speed and average speed. Newton's Laws CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grages 9-12, Physics, 1.a.

2 - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 2 pages 43-46, 52 Newton's First Law The learner will be able to understand that when forces are balanced, no acceleration occurs; thus an object continues to move at a constant speed or stay at rest. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.b. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 4 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 pages 640 Newton's Second Law The learner will be able to apply the law F = ma to solve one-dimensional motion problems that involve constant forces. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.c. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 4 pages , Newton's Third Law The learner will be able to understand that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.d. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 4 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages Universal Gravitation The learner will be able to understand the relationship between the universal law of gravitation and the effect of gravity on an object at the surface of Earth. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.e. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 4 page 141, Chapter 7 pages Independence of perpendicular forces The learner will be able to understand that applying a force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes the object to change direction but not speed. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.f. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 7 pages , 262, 264, ,

3 Circular motion The learner will be able to understand that circular motion requires the application of a constant force directed toward the center of the circle. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.g. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 7 pages , 262, 264, , * Applicability of Newton's Laws The learner will be able to understand that Newton's laws are not exact but provide very good approximations unless an object is moving close to the speed of light or is small enough that quantum effects are important. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.h. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 2 pages 66-67, Chapter 3 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , Chapter 8 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages * Projectile Motion The learner will be able to understand how to solve two-dimensional trajectory problems. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.i. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 3 pages , 106, * Vector Resolution The learner will be able to understand how to resolve two-dimensional vectors into their components and calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.j. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 3 pages 88-96, * Statics The learner will be able to understand how to solve two-dimensional problems involving balanced forces (statics).

4 Newton's Laws Physics, 1.k. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 4 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 8 pages * Centripetal Acceleration The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems in circular motion by using the formula for centripetal acceleration in the following form: a = v^2/r. Newton's Laws Physics, 1.l. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 7 pages , * Forces Over a Distance The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving the forces between two electric charges at a distance (Coulomb's laws) or the forces between two masses at a distance (universal gravitation). Newton's Laws Physics, 1.m. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 7 pages , Chapter 17 pages Conservation of Energy and Momentum Understand that the laws of conservation and energy and momentum provide a way to predict and describe the movement of objects. Kinetic Energy The learner will be able to understand how to calculate kinetic energy by using the formula E = (1/2)mv^2. 12, Physics, 2a - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages , Chapter 8 page 295 Change in Potential Energy The learner will be able to understand how to calculate changes in gravitational potential energy near Earth by using the formula (change in potential energy) =mgh (h is the change in the elevation).

5 12, Physics, 2b - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , Conservation of Energy The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems, such as falling objects. 12, Physics, 2c - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 8 pages Calculation of Momentum The learner will be able to understand how to calculate momentum as the product mv. 12, Physics, 2d - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages , , , 223,225 - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages Momentum and Energy The learner will be able to understand that momentum is a separately conserved quantity different from energy. 12, Physics, 2.e. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages , , , 227,237 - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages Impulse and Momentum The learner will be able to understand that an unbalanced force on an object produces a change in its momentum. 12, Physics, 2.f - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages 210, , Elastic and Inelastic Collisions The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving elastic and

6 inelastic collisions in one dimension by using the principles of conservation of momentum and energy. 12, Physics, 2.g. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 6 pages , 237 * Conservation of Energy The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems with various sources of potential energy, such as capacitors and springs. 12, Physics, 2.h. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages , Chapter 20 pages Heat and Thermodynamics Understand that energy cannot be created or destroyed, however in many processes energy is lost to the environment as heat, that is as disordered motion of atoms. Heat Flow and Work The learner will be able to understand that heat flow and work are two forms of energy transfer between systems. Energy Physics, 3.a. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 10 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages , , , 420 First Law of Thermodynamics The learner will be able to understand that the work done by a heat engine that is working in a cycle is the difference between the heat flow into the engine at high temperature and the heat flow out at a lower temperature (first law of thermodynamics) and that this is an example of the law of conservation of energy. Energy Physics, 3.b.

7 - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages , , , 434 Thermal Energy The learner will be able to understand that the internal energy of an object includes the energy of random motion of the object's atoms and molecules, often referred to as thermal energy. The greater the temperature of the object, the greater the energy of motion of the atoms and molecules that make up the object. Energy Physics, 3.c. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 10 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 page 428 Disorder and Uniformity The learner will be able to understand that most processes tend to decrease the order of a system over time and that energy levels are eventually distributed uniformly. Energy Physics, 3.d. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 10 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages , 435 Entropy The learner will be able to understand that entropy is a quantity that measures the order or disorder of a system and that this quantity is larger for a more disordered system. Energy Physics, 3.e. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages , ,435 * Second Law of Thermodynamics The learner will be able to understand the statement "Entropy tends to increase" is a law of statistical probability that governs all closed systems. Energy Physics, 3.f. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages 420, , 435 * Engines The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving heat flow, work, and efficiency in a heat engine and know that all real engines lose some heat to their surroundings.

8 Energy Physics, 3.g. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages , , 420, Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 11 pages Waves Understand that waves have characteristic properties that do not depend on the type of wave. Waves and Energy The learner will be able to understand that waves carry energy from one place to another. Waves Physics, 4a - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 10 page 384, Chapter 11 page Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 12 pages 458, Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 13 pages 487, Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 16 pages , Chapter 17 page 645 Waves through media The learner will be able to understand how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as springs and ropes, and on the Earth (seismic waves). Waves Physics, 4b - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 12 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 13 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 14 page 547 Wavelength, Frequency, and Wave Speed The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and wave speed. Waves Physics, 4c - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 12 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 13 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 14 page 522

9 Sound Wave The learner will be able to understand that sound is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the properties of the medium in which it propagates. Waves Physics, 4d - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 13 pages , Electromagnetic Waves The learner will be able to understand that radio waves, light, and X-rays are know wavelength bands in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is approximately 3 E 8 m /s (186,000 miles / second). Waves Physics.; - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 2 pages 66-67, Chapter 3 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 12 page 450, Chapter 14 page Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 23 page 848 Characteristic Properties of Waves The learner will be able to understand how to identify the know properties of waves: inference (beats), diffraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. Waves Physics, 4f - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 13 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 14 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 15 pages , 568, , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 16 pages , Understand that electric and magnetic phenomena are related and have many practical applications. DC Voltage and Current The learner will be able to understand how to predict the voltage or current in simple direct current (DC) electric circuits constructed from batteries, wires, resistors, and capacitors. Physics, 5.a.

10 - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 18 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 20 pages , Ohm's Law The learner will be able to understand how to solve problems using Ohm's law. Physics, 5.b. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 20 pages , Chapter 25 pages Resistivity The learner will be able to understand that any resistive element in a DC circuit dissipates energy, which heats the resistor. Students can calculate the power (rate of energy dissipation) in any resistive circuit element by using the formula Power = IR (potential difference) times I (current) = I ^2 R. Physics, 5.c. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages , Transistors The learner will be able to understand the properties of transistors and the role of transistors in electric circuits. Physics, 5.d. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 24 pages Charged Particles and Electric Fields The learner will be able to understand that charged particles are sources of electric fields and are subject to the forces of the electric fields from other charges. Physics, 5.e. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 18, pages , , 637, Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 18, pages , , 658

11 Magnetic Fields The learner will be able to understand that magnetic materials and electric currents (moving electric charges) are sources of magnetic fields and are subject to forces arising from the magnetic fields of other sources. Physics, 5.f. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 21, pages , , , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 21 pages , Chapter 23 pages Direction of a Magnetic Field The learner will be able to understand how to determine the direction of a magnetic field produced by a current flowing in a straight wire or in a coil. Physics, 5.g. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 22 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 23 page 795 Induction The learner will be able to understand that changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors. Physics, 5.h. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 23 pages , , 812, Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 23 pages Plasmas The learner will be able to understand that plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions or free electrons or both and conduct electricity. Physics, 5.i. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 page 651 * Vector Force Fields The learner will be able to understand that electric and magnetic fields contain energy and act as vector force fields.

12 Physics, 5.j. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 pages 637, , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 18 pages Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 21 pages , , , 785 * Force on a Particle in a Field The learner will be able to understand that electric and magnetic fields contain particle in an electric field is qe, where E is the electric field at the position of the particle and q is the charge of the particle. Physics, 5.k. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 pages , 637, , 658 * Calculation of Electric Field The learner will be able to understand how to calculate the electric field resulting from a point charge. Physics, 5.l. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 pages , 637, , 648, 658 * Static Electric Fields The learner will be able to understand that static electric fields have as their source some arrangement of electric charges. Physics, 5.m. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 17 pages 637, , * Force on a Moving Particle The learner will be able to understand the magnitude of the force on a moving particle (with charge q) in a magnetic field is qvb sin(a), where a is the angle between v and B (v and B are the magnitudes of vectors v and B, respectively), and students use the right-hand rule to find the direction of this force.

13 Physics, 5.n. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 22 pages , * Conservation of Potential Energy The learner will be able to understand how to apply the concepts of electrical and know potential energy to solve problems involving conservation of energy. Physics, 5.o. - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 5 pages , Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 18 pages , , , - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapter 19 pages , 711 Scientific Method To ask meaningful questions and conduct careful investigations (California Star Earth Science Blueprint: 9 Test Items, 15% of Test) Investigation and Experimentation The learner will be able to a) select and use appropriate tools and technology to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships and display data, b) identify and communicate sources of unavoidable experimental error, c) identify possible reasons for inconsistent results, such as sources of error or uncontrolled conditions. d) formulate explanations using logic and evidence, e) solve scientific problems by using quadratic equations and simple trigonometric, exonential, and logarithmic functions, f) distinguish between hypothesis and theory as scientific terms, g) recognize the usefulness and limitations of models and theories as scientific representations of reality. Science Oroville Union High School District(a) Unit - Physics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002, Chapters 1-25