Batteries, Bulbs and Switches. Understanding Batteries

Transcription

1 Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetism -- the CD-ROM by M. Chrasekhar, R. Litherl J. Geib: Correlation of Unit Concepts with California State Science Stards Electricity Bulbs Switches Understing Batteries Physical Sciences, grade four Electricity magnetism are related effects that have many useful applications in everyday life. As a basis for understing this Students know how to design build simple series parallel circuits by using components such as wires, batteries, bulbs. Students know how to build a simple compass use it to detect magnetic effects, including Earth s magnetic field. Students know electric currents produce magnetic fields know how to build a simple electromagnet. Students know the role of electromagnets in the construction of electric motors, electric generators, simple devices, such as doorbells earphones. Students know electrically charged objects attract or repel each other. Students know that magnets have two poles (north south) that like poles repel each other while unlike poles attract each other. Students know electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, motion. Investigation Experimentation, Bulbs Understing grades K-8 Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understing this Third Grade Repeat observations to improve accuracy know that the results of similar scientific investigations seldom turn out exactly the same because of differences in the things being investigated, methods being used, or uncertainty Correlations of Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetsim CD to California State Stards. Page 1 of 5

2 Differentiate evidence from opinion know that scientists do not rely on claims or conclusions unless they are backed by observations that can be confirmed. Use numerical data in describing comparing Bulbs Understing objects, events, measurements. Predict the outcome of a simple investigation compare the result with the prediction. Collect data in an investigation analyze those data to develop a logical conclusion. Fourth Grade Differentiate observation from inference (interpretation) know scientists' explanations come partly from what they observe partly from how they interpret their observations. Measure estimate the weight, length, or volume of objects. Formulate justify predictions based on cause-effect relationships. Conduct multiple trials to test a prediction draw conclusions about the relationships between predictions results. Construct interpret graphs from measurements. Follow a set of written instructions for a scientific investigation. Fifth Grade Classify objects (e.g., rocks, plants, leaves) in accordance with appropriate criteria. Develop a testable question. Plan conduct a simple investigation based on a student-developed question write instructions others can follow to carry out the Identify the dependent controlled variables in an investigation. Correlations of Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetsim CD to California State Stards. Page 2 of 5

3 Identify a single independent variable in a scientific investigation explain how this variable can be used to collect information to answer a question about the results of the Select appropriate tools (e.g., thermometers, meter sticks, balances, graduated cylinders) make quantitative observations. Record data by using appropriate graphic representations (including charts, graphs, labeled diagrams) make inferences based on those data. Draw conclusions from scientific evidence indicate whether further information is needed to support a specific conclusion. Write a report of an investigation that includes conducting tests, collecting data or examining evidence, drawing conclusions. Sixth Grade Bulbs Understing Develop a hypothesis. Select use appropriate tools technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, display data. Construct appropriate graphs from data develop qualitative statements about the relationships between variables. Communicate the steps results from an investigation in written reports oral presentations. Recognize whether evidence is consistent with a proposed explanation. Read a topographic map a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps construct interpret a simple scale map. Interpret events by sequence time from natural phenomena (e.g., the relative ages of rocks intrusions). Correlations of Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetsim CD to California State Stards. Page 3 of 5

4 Identify changes in natural phenomena over time without manipulating the phenomena (e.g., a tree limb, a grove of trees, a stream, a hillslope). Seventh Grade Select use appropriate tools technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, display data. Use a variety of print electronic resources (including the World Wide Web) to collect information evidence as part of a research project. Communicate the logical connection among hypotheses, science concepts, tests conducted, data collected, conclusions drawn from the scientific evidence. Construct scale models, maps appropriately labeled diagrams to communicate scientific knowledge (e.g., motion of Earth's plates cell structure). Communicate the steps results from an investigation in written reports oral presentations. Eighth Grade Plan conduct a scientific investigation to test a Bulbs Understing hypothesis. Evaluate the accuracy reproducibility of data. Distinguish between variable controlled parameters in a test. Recognize the slope of the linear graph as the constant in the relationship y=kx apply this principle in interpreting graphs constructed from data. Construct appropriate graphs from data develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables. Apply simple mathematical relationships to determine a missing quantity in a mathematic expression, given the two remaining terms (including speed = distance/time, density = mass/volume, force = pressure x area, volume=area x height). Distinguish between linear non-linear relationships on a graph of data. Correlations of Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetsim CD to California State Stards. Page 4 of 5

5 Bulbs Understing Switches Batteries Electricity Bulbs Understing Physics, grades 9-12 Electric magnetic phenomena are related have many practical applications. As a basis for understing this concept: Students know how to predict the voltage or current in simple direct current (DC) electric circuits constructed from batteries, wires, resistors, capacitors. Students know how to solve problems involving Ohm s law. Students know any resistive element in a DC circuit dissipates energy, which heats the resistor. Students can calculate the power (rate of energy dissipation) in any resistive circuit element by using the formula Power = IR (potential difference) I (current) = I2R. Students know charged particles are sources of electric fields are subject to the forces of the electric fields from other charges. Students know magnetic materials electric currents (moving electric charges) are sources of magnetic fields are subject to forces arising from the magnetic fields of other sources. Students know how to determine the direction of a magnetic field produced by a current flowing in a straight wire or in a coil. Students know changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors. Correlations of Exploring Physics Electricity Magnetsim CD to California State Stards. Page 5 of 5