Warm Up: Is the following a Hypothesis, Theory, or Law? If rainfall becomes greater than 1 inch per hour, the field will begin to erode.

Transcription

1 Warm Up: Is the following a Hypothesis, Theory, or Law? If rainfall becomes greater than 1 inch per hour, the field will begin to erode.

2 It is a hypothesis because it makes a prediction August 15, 2016

3 A hypothesis is a prediction or idea that you can test. You should have some prior knowledge before you make a hypothesis. Example: I predict my daughter will not be able to carry a glass of milk to the table without spilling (Not actually my daughter)

4 A theory is a set of ideas that explain observed patterns in nature. A valid theory has passed tests that try to prove it wrong. Example: The theory of plate tectonics explains why earthquakes and volcanos tend to happen more in certain parts of the world

5 A Law is a generalization about observed patterns Example: The Law of Gravity reminds me that gravity is always acting on us.

6 Warm Up Try writing a science question followed by a hypothesis. Remember, a hypothesis should be able to be tested and repeated. Science Question: Which is denser: sedimentary rocks or metamorphic rocks? Hypothesis: Metamorphic rocks are denser on average than sedimentary rocks.

7 Question: What is the safest way to fall if tripped? Hypothesis: It is safer to land on your shoulder than brace yourself with your hands if you are tripped. BUT, how is this testable?

8 In your own words: What is a hypothesis? What is a theory? What is a law?

9 Hypothesis Theory Law Independent Variable - the variable being changed 1st. The one being tested...the fertilizer Dependent Variable - the variable that changes based on the independent variable...the corn height Constant Variable - variables that we keep the same...water, sunlight, soil, type of corn, growth time, container, etc. Control Group..Something that is outside the experiment that you compare to the experiment...no fertilizer group

10 Choose another scientific question and hypothesis on your own. Think about how to conduct your experiment. Identify each part of your experiment. Your Hypothesis: Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Constants

11 August 15, 2016 Warm Up: In your own words - What is density?

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13 Warm Up: True or False: Knowing the density of a substance can help you identify what that substance is.

14 True - Every pure substance has a specific density that will only change with temperature or extreme force. Example: Gold is 19.3 g/cm 3 at 20 deg Celsius. That's over seven times denser than Aluminum at the same temperature.

15 Complete reading on Dihydrogen Monoxide Pseudoscience: a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.

16 Mini-poster 1/2... make a warning poster about the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. other 1/2... expose the 1st half as pseudoscience (fake) Drawings w/ color & Explanations!

17 Mass: A measure of how much matter is in a substance. Usually measured in grams (g). Volume: A measure of how much space a substance takes up. Usually measured in cubic centimeters (cm 3 ) for solids and milliliters (ml) for liquids. 1 cm 3 is the same as 1 ml Density: A measure of how much matter is in a certain amount of space Density = mass/volume

18 August 15, 2016 Warm Up 28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated cylinder containing ml of water. The water level rises to the ml mark, from this information, calculate the density of iron.

19 A flask that weighs g is filled with 225 ml of carbon tetrachloride. The weight of the flask and carbon tetrachloride is found to be g. From this information, calculate the density of carbon tetrachloride.

20 Warm Up An unknown liquid has a volume of 250 ml, and a mass of g. According to the chart, what is the identity of the unknown liquid?

21 "Daily Question" Date Midpoint Question In order to calculate density, you must know the and of an object.

22 "Daily Question" Date Midpoint Question In order to calculate density, you must know the mass and volume of an object.

23 August 15, 2016 An Earth Science student predicts that rocks formed deeper in the ground will have densities greater than rocks formed on the surface of Earth. Explain what the student should do to verify his hypothesis? What is the Independent Variable? What is the Dependent Variable?

24 August 15, 2016 An Earth Science student predicts that rocks formed deeper in the ground will have densities greater than rocks formed on the surface of Earth. Explain what the student should do to verify his hypothesis? Get several samples of rocks formed deep and rocks formed near the surface. Record their densities. What is the Independent Variable? Depth at which the rock formed What is the Dependent Variable? The density of the rock

25 Does the data support or reject his hypothesis? August 15, 2016

26 Yes, deeper layers have greater densities August 15, 2016

27 Hand Out: Bob wanted to know if crickets chirp more depending on the air temperature. Bob hypothesized that crickets would chirp more in warmer weather. He got five boxes and put 4 crickets in each box. He controlled each box s temperature with a heat lamp, making each box 5 deg F warmer than the last.

28 Fields of Study: Astronomy

29 Meteorology August 15, 2016

30 Geology August 15, 2016

31 Oceanography August 15, 2016

32 Warm Up (In your notebook) What is the difference between Astronomy and Meteorology? What are some things that both fields would study?

33 Astronomy studies things in space. Meteorology studies the weather. The sun's activities affects the weather. Earth's position relative to the sun also affects the weather. Meteor showers are usually reported by meteorologists.

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35 Daily Questions. Date Midpoint Question: True or False Each field of study in Earth Science is connected to the other fields through physical interactions.

36 True August 15, 2016

37 Closing Question: Explain two ways Meteorology can interact with Geology.

38 Warm Up Describe the process of Water Displacement when finding volume of an object.

39 Record the rock's mass using a scale Record a starting volume of water. Place rock in water and record the change in volume. Note: we want to know how much the water went up by subtracting the starting volume from the ending volume. This gives the volume of just the rock. Divide the rock mass by the rock volume to find density.

40 Warm Up: How do you think a scientific theory is different than the way most people use the word theory? August 15, 2016

41 Theories are not guesses and they are not just made up. Real scientific theories are based on fact, they are tested again and again, they are the best scientific explanation for our observations. August 15, 2016

42 midpoint Why does the size of the sample NOT affect the density of the sample?

43 If you cut a rock in half, you are left with have the volume AND half the mass. So, mass/volume stays the same. 100g/50cm 3 = 2g/cm 3 now, half both the volume and mass. 50g/25cm 3 =2g/cm 3 Density is still 2 g/cm 3

44 Closer: Describe the difference between a constant and a control.

45 Constants are things that stay the same in the experiment. Control is outside on the experiment that you can compare to the experiment.

46 Warm Up: What's the difference between: cm and cm

47 cm = centimeters = length cm 3 = cubic centimeters = volume

48 Essential Question: How do scientists take measurements and why do they do it that way?

49 The EQ is your closer: How do scientists take measurements and why do they do it that way?

50 They measure using the metric system, which is part of "System International" (SI) All scientist can compare data with each other. Metric system units is easy to use and to convert - such as changing grams to kilograms.

51 Warm Up: Now that Pluto is considered a dwarf planet, were astronomers wrong to ever think it was a planet?

52 No, scientific ideas change as new data becomes available. Calling it a planet was a good idea at the time but as we learned more about our solar system, calling is a dwarf planet makes more sense now.

53 For each one, give 1) a definition in your own words, and 2) and example with explanation. Hypothesis Theory Law

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