Topic 1: Scientific Method Observation vs. Inference 1. Write 2 observations about this cartoon.

Transcription

1 Name: Section: Earth Science Review Topic 1: Scientific Method Observation vs. Inference 1. Write 2 observations about this cartoon. Observation 1: Observation 2: 2. Write 2 inferences about this cartoon. Be sure to include the evidence that supports your inference! Example Inference: The two spotted characters are aliens. Inference 1: Example Evidence: An object that looks like a spacecraft is in the background. Evidence: Inference 2: Evidence: 1

2 Topic 2: Metric Measurement 1. Name at least 2 metric units appropriate for measuring mass. 2. Name at least 2 metric units appropriate for measuring volume. 3. Name at least 2 metric units appropriate for measuring length. Calculating Volume The box below is an example of a regularly shaped object. 1.5 cm 1 cm 3.5 cm 1. What is the equation for calculating the VOLUME of regularly shaped objects? V = 2. Calculate the VOLUME of the box above. Hint: Be sure to include units! (Show your work) 3. Find the VOLUME of the liquid below. (Be sure to include units!) Volume = 2

3 4. What is the word for the curved upper surface of a liquid (like the curve in the picture above)? 5. Using the water displacement method, calculate the volume of the dinosaur in the picture below. V (Dinosaur) = V (before dinosaur) = V (after dinosaur) = Topic 3: Density 1. Write the equation used to calculate density in the density triangle below. 2. What is the density of a 252 ml solution with a mass of 500 g? (Show your work) 3. Calculate the volume of a 26.5 g solution that has a density of 7.48 g/ml. (Show your work) 3

4 4. Calculate the mass of a solid with a density of 2.65 g/cm 3 and dimensions 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm. Topic 4: Plate Tectonics 1. Label Earth s layers in the diagram below. 2. As you move in toward the center of the Earth, what happens to: A. The Temperature? B. The Pressure? 3. In no fewer than two sentences, describe the theory of plate tectonics. 4. What type of plate boundary is pictured to the left? 5. What is happening at this plate boundary? 4

5 6. What type of plate boundary is pictured to the left? 7. What is happening at this plate boundary? 8. What physical features of Earth are associated with this boundary type? Topic 5: Mountains & Volcanoes Volcano Types 1. Use the chart below to summarize the 3 main volcano types. Volcano Type Drawing Description 2. How are mountains formed? 5

6 The picture below shows a topographic map of a mountain. Use this picture to help you answer the following questions Which side of the mountain is most steep? Explain your answer. 5. The lines on the map above are called contour lines. Contour lines that are close together mean that the slope of the land is 6. In the space below, sketch a topographic map showing two steep sided hills separated by a valley. Topic 6: Earthquakes 1. What are earthquakes? What are earthquakes caused by? 6

7 2. Name & describe the 3 main types of earthquake (seismic) waves. Wave Types What is it? In the space below, draw a picture showing the difference between an earthquake s epicenter and an earthquake s focus. Topic 7: Rocks & Minerals Minerals 1. Name at least 4 properties that are used to identify minerals. A. C. B. D. 2. A. What is the streak test? How is the streak test done? B. When identifying rocks & minerals, why is the streak test more accurate? Rocks 3. A. How do Igneous Rocks form? 7

8 B. How do Metamorphic Rocks form? C. How do Sedimentary Rocks form? 4. Use the table below to summarize the differences between extrusive and intrusive igneous rock? Extrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Rock Cycle 5. Fill in the blank boxes below with an appropriate word or process. Hint: There may be many correct answers for each box. 8

9 Topic 8: Earth s History 1. What are 2 types of weathering? Define and give an example of each. A. B. 2. In at least 2 sentences, describe how fossils can tell us about past environmental conditions in an area. 3. In the picture to the left, which layer is the oldest? How do you know? 4. Which layer is the youngest? How do you know? 5. Does the timeline below show relative or absolute time? Why? college Preschooler middle schooler high schooler student YOUNGEST OLDEST 9

10 A F D E B 6. Order (label) the layers pictured in the diagram above from youngest to oldest. C YOUNGEST OLDEST Topic 9: Astronomy 1. Compare and contrast the planets of our solar system using the table below: *List the planets in order from inner most to outer most. Planet Composition Characteristics 10

11 2. Explain how the combination of the Earth s tilted axis and revolution around the sun causes the progression of seasons: 3. Describe the sun in comparison to other stars: 4. The gravitational force between two objects is affected by and. 5. Discuss the relationship of the Earth, Moon and Sun as a system: (What kinds of things result from this relationship?) Topic 10: Earth s Atmosphere 1. Where did Earth s early atmosphere come from? 2.Which area in the pressure below should have the lowest air pressure? Explain why. Area A: Elevation 10,000 ft. Area B: Elevation 10 ft. 3. What causes the movement of air (wind)? 11

12 4. Energy moves through the atmosphere in 3 main ways. Use the chart below to organize information about the 3 methods of heat energy transfer. Heat Transfer Method What is it? What does it look like? (Draw a picture) What is a reallife example? Topic 11: Weather Fronts & Storms 1. Use the following word bank to fill in the diagram below. High Air Pressure Low Air Pressure Warm Air Cold Air Wind 2. What causes the Coriolis effect? What does it do to wind patterns? 12

13 3. Use the chart below to summarize important information about weather fronts. Type of Front Symbol Diagram Weather Type Associated with Front Front Front Front 4. Fill in the circles below with characteristics of each pressure system. High Pressure System Low Pressure System 13

14 As water is heated, the density of it changes. This happens with every type of matter, especially when you change phases (solid liquid, and so on). Water, however, does behave differently than many other types of matter. Using the data below you will have to graph the data table on the graph below it, remembering to include all the things a properly written graph needs. Temperature C Density (kg/m 3 ) Temperature C Density (kg/m 3 ) -10 (solid) (liquid) (gas) Place the densities of the phases of water (solid, liquid, gas) in order, starting with the most dense What would you predict the density of water be at -5 C? at 70 C? Describe how you came up with your answers above: Above, I stated that water behaves differently than other types of matter. Can you tell why by looking at the graph? What looks odd? If you needed more information to answer the question, what information would you need? 14