EO-MINERS. Contribution of Earth Observation in monitoring the environmental and societal impact of mining. The EO-MINERS project

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1 EO-MINERS Contribution of Earth Observation in monitoring the environmental and societal impact of mining The EO-MINERS project Geospatial World Forum Amsterdam April 25, 2012 Stéphane CHEVREL Project Coordinator

2 General context Securing EC raw material supply ETP SMR and Strategic Research Agenda GMES : integrating spaceborne and subsurface information component, EU Raw Material Initiative GEO - GEOSS

3 International initiatives and raw materials EU The Raw Materials Initiative Meeting our Critical Needs for Growth and Jobs in Europe (COM(2008)699) EU s 2001 Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) (renewed in 2006) 2005 Thematic Strategy for the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources 2008 EGS proposals for the implementation of a coherent EU non-energy raw materials policy Flagship initiative "Resource Efficient Europe" European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on raw materials Africa-EU High Level Conference on Raw Materials International ICMM Sustainable Development Framework SDMI, an international forum for the Sustainable Development indicators in the Mineral Industry African Mining Vision 2050 African Mining Partnership (AMP) New!

4 OVERALL OBJECTIVE The aim of EO-MINERS is to bring into play EObased methods and tools to facilitate and improve interaction between the mineral extractive industry and the society in view of its sustainable development while improving its societal acceptability. Mining vs Society

5 OBJECTIVES - 1 Assess policy requirements at macro (public) and micro (mining companies) levels Number of indicators Define environmental, socio-economic, societal and sustainable development criteria and indicators to be possibly dealt using EO

6 OBJECTIVES - 2 Demonstrate the capabilities of integrated EObased methods and tools in: monitoring, managing contributing to reduce the environmental and societal footprints of all phases of a mining project Mineral Mapping Sokolov (CZ)

7 OBJECTIVES - 3 Contribute making reliable and objective information about affected ecosystems, populations and societies, basis for a sound trialogue between industrialists, regulatory bodies and stakeholders The project will initiate and develop a sound "trialogue" between the three main groups involved, based on reliable and objective information about ecosystems, populations and societies affected by mining activities

8 EO-MINERS Consortium DE(2) CZ(2) KG(2) UK(2) FR(2) SI(1) IL(1) ZA(2) 3 demonstration sites (CZ, ZA, KG)

9 Who we are? Beneficiary name Country Beneficiary name Country (BRGM) Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières France Coordination Council for Geoscience South Africa British Geological Survey UK Anglo Operations Limited, Anglo Technical Division Tel-Aviv University Israel Université de Versailles St Quentin South Africa France Deutsches Zentrum für Luft - und Raumfahrt e.v. Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH Germany Česká Geologická Služba Czech Republic Germany Sokolovská Uhelná a.s. Czech Republic Geoloski Zavod Slovenije Slovenia Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience Mineral Industry Research Organisation Kyrgyzstan UK KyrgyzAltyn Kyrgyzstan

10 Project T0 Affected Environment Environment Environmental and societal impacts Societal acceptability Pathways Transfer media EO and GIS in societal acceptability a simplified conceptual model Affected Populations Populations

11 Project Tn Affected Environment Environment Environmental and societal impacts Societal acceptability Pathways Transfer media EO and GIS in societal acceptability a simplified conceptual model Affected Populations Populations

12 Sokolov lignite open pit demo site (CZ) Sokolov basin AMD(Acid Mine Drainage) Impact on vegetation Coal fires Sediment (coal) Dust Landscape degradation

13 Emalahleni (Witbank) coal field demo site (South Africa) The largest coal field in ZA More than 60 x 60 km AMD (Acid Mine Drainage) affecting Drainage system and wetlands Urban areas Coal fires Dust Subsidence Landvalue degradation Uncontrolled urban sprawling

14 EO-MINERS Makmal Kazarman gold mine demo site (KG) Makmal Cyanide contamination Surface waters Groundwater? Radioactive contamination Health Employement 70% depending on mine activity

15 EO tools and methods Satellite data Conventional optical sensors: Landsat Thematic Mapper, ASTER Very high resolution optical sensors, such as Ikonos, Quickbird, WorldView_II, SPOT 5 Radar sensors, in particular for INSAR applications Airborne data Airborne imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) survey Airborne geophysics : radiometric, electromagnetic, aeromagnetic Thermal infrared (multi and broad band) In situ monitoring methods Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ALERT) Ground monitoring networks In situ point measurements (temperature, ph, ) Field spectroradiometry campaigns (VNIR, SWIR, TIR) Information and/or measurements about vegetation, soil, groundwater and dust Chemical Model and 3D characterization of the contaminated soils

16 Indicator development strategy WP2 Technology assessment Technology Development Technology testing Expert elucidation WP1, WP5 Stakeholder elucidation Indicator A Indicator B Indicator X Indicator 1 Indicator 2 Indicator n Feasibility evaluation Feasibility evaluation Indicator A Indicator C Indicator G Indicator 2 Indicator 7 Indicator 9 Merge indicators Indicator C Indicator 7 Indicator λ Conceptual Site model Indicator α Indicator β Indicator μ Feasibility evaluation Indicator α Indicator δ Indicator λ WP3

17 Acquired data RS Image data DEMs EO & GIS test site data set Data type Data set Resolution Data set Data type Sokolov Hymap 2009 Cartosat 2009 Resolution 5 m ASD spectra Spectral library CZ Hymap 2010 Hyperspectral VNIR - Cartosat 2010 Resolution 5 m TIR spectra Spectral library SWIR AHS 2011 Hyperspectral VNIR - SWIR Cartosat 2011 Resolution 5 m Temperature measurements TIR orthopohoto mosaic Aerial photographs GEODIS Resolution 10 m Dust measurements CASI Hyperspectral VNIR ASTER Resolution 30 m Geology ALI 10 bands VNIR - Land cover Land cover 2006 SWIR ASTER 15 bands VNIR Topographic data SWIR - TIR Witbank WorldView_II 8 bands VNIR WorldView_II Resolution 1 m ASD spectra Spectral library ZA Landsat TM series 7 bands VNIR - SRTM Resolution 90 m TIR spectra Spectral library SWIR SPOT series 4 bands VNIR Temperature measurements thermal imagery 2011 FLIR Dust measurements GIS AISA dual 2012 Hyperspectral VNIR - SWIR Makmal WorldView_II 8 bands VNIR WorldView_II Resolution 1 m KG Landsat TM SRTM Resolution 90 m ASTER Resolution 30 m ALERT Real time electrical resistivity tomography

18 Spectral measurements Field measurements - reflectance and emissivity QA (new protocol + standards)

19 Sokolov: spectral measurements VNIR - SWIR

20 Sokolov: spectral measurements TIR

21 Hyperspectral airborne surveys HyMap: 126 bands VNIR, SWIR1, SWIR2 AHS: 80 bands 0.4 to 12.7 µm HyMap 2009 HyMap 2010 AHS 2011 night flight

22 Hyperspectral imagery (HyMap 2010) AMD mineral mapping Exploitation of airborne imaging spectroscopy for mineral and vegetation mapping

23 SAM classification Field library, Mask clays or Goethite

24 Vegetation Health mapping I

25 Vegetation Health mapping II Health status classes for the trees without visual damage symptoms 1 - the worst and 5 - the best result

26 Exploitation of TIR hyperspectral imagery Lake Medard (CZ) Enhances geotechnical engineered banks and trails Quartz : yellow Clay rich : blue

27 Spectral based Change Detection Coal mine area progress in one year

28 Spectral based Change Detection Clay to water Coal to water Back filling Coal

29 Detection of Change in Elevation CARTOSAT DEMs Difference Cyan = no deviation Difference = excavation or backfilling

30 ZA: TM series change detection Evolution of minging and urbanisation along time Employement and urbanisation strongly dependant on mining

31 ZA: subsurface monitoring Electrical tomography ALERT

32 ZA: subsurface monitoring Electrical tomography Completion of sensor installation Trenching and sensor installation Portacabin after completion of security fence Closed trench (ERT B) after sensor installation Sensor installation for trench ERT A. The ground conditions on site show significant variation away from (left image) and adjacent to (right image) the cut off trench. Individual electrodes, with a 2.5 m spacing are highlighted with red circles. Sensor installation for trench ERT A. Bank Colliery dump in the background

33 ZA: Mining-related street dust contamination F1: Th, Ce, La, U

34 Kyrgyzstan: Strahler network from SRTM DEM

35 Kyrgyzstan: Strahler network over Bing data

36 Exploiatation of DEMs for geology and hydrogeology

37 EO-MINERS and GEO - GEOSS Two SBAs now adress minerals EN-01: Energy and Geo-resources Management SB-05: Impact Assessment of Human Activities Securing the inclusion of minerals in GEO work plan (with AEGOS)

38 EO-MIINERS contribution to GEO work plan management SB-05 two components: Component C2 : PoC Impact Monitoring Systems for Geo-resource Exploration and Exploitation Minerals and GEO workshop, Ljubljana 4-5 July 2012

39 "Trialogue" approach EO-MINERS Trialogue European Trialogue Site-specific Trialogues MFA Workshop GMES / RMI SDIMI (??) One individual workshop per test site Workshop in South Africa Workshop in Czech Republic Workshop in Kyrgyzstan Raise awareness about possible contribution of EO methods and EO- MINERS products to impact assessment, influence related policy developments Get stakeholders to talk to each other about impact assessment and suitable (joint) actions

40 Perspectives Potential of Remote Sensing together with EO tools and techniques in assessing mineral industry footprint Confirms the capabilities of imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral imagery) in mineral and vegetation mapping Potential of application to mining and oil & gas sectors is huge (Africa, Russia, NIS, ) Number of sites Many isolated areas Towards development of EO-based services (Horizon 2020) Improvement of exchanges between the mineral industry and other stakeholders based on standardised, reliable and objective documents

41 Thanks for your attention! Contact : s.chevrel@brgm.fr