The Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage (JPICH): European perspective

Transcription

1 COPERNICUS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE Copernicus User Forum Industry Workshop Brussels, 24 April 2017 The Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage (JPICH): European perspective Cristina Sabbioni CNR, Coordination JPICH Antonia Pasqua Recchia General Secretary MIBACT, Coordinator JPICH

2 What threats cultural heritage? Climate change Pollution Flooding Fire Earthquake Landslides Subsidence Human pressure. Telč, Check Rep. Prague, 2002 Destruction Failure Salt crystallization Cracking Surface loss Biological attack Blackening.

3 8 Observers 19 Participants Italy (Coordinator) Belgium Belarus Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark France Ireland Lithuania Moldova Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden The Netherlands The United Kingdom - Coordinator: A.P. Recchia, GS MIBACT - Coordination : MIBACT and MIUR - European Commission representative attends the Governing Board meeting Austria Bulgaria Estonia Germany Greece Israel Latvia

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5 Challenge 1 probes the relation between cultural heritage and one of the most serious drivers of future change for communities - climate change Challenge 2 probes the issues of protection and security of cultural heritage Challenge 3 probes the relation between the protection of cultural heritage and the uses of cultural heritage by society i.e. the transformational challenge of cultural heritage

6 Monitoring of Elemental carbon and PAH at SE Elemental Carbon (ng/m3) Organic Carbon (ng/m3) AIR POLLUTION 0 13/10/01 14/10/01 15/10/01 16/10/01 17/10/01 18/10/01 19/10/01 20/10/01 Local time 21/10/01 22/10/01 23/10/01 24/10/01 25/10/01 26/10/ /10/01 Changes in atmospheric composition determine the impact of multipollutants on cultural heritage Surface blackening is increasing and is attributable to urban traffic Urgency of adopting tools compatible with the preservation of the cultural heritage

7 Po Valley Pollutant aerosol Dust Credit : Cristofanelli et al., ACP, 2009

8 In BRIC Countries high increase of carbonaceous particles CAUSING SURFACE BLACKENING Nanjing, China JPI Cultural Heritage.BUT ALSO IN EUROPE White Tower, London

9 Conflict impact on Cultural Heritage Persepolis Gulph War 1991 Bishapour Bonazza et al., EST, 2007

10 CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change and cultural heritage is a new area The results achieved have highlighted the great importance of water as a threat to heritage Surface recession is expected to increase (carbonate stones) Increase of salt crystallisation events (porous materials) The Mediterranean Basin will experience the highest level of risk from thermal stress

11 MAPPING SURFACE RECESSION General increase (> 6 µm/year) throughout Europe, particularly noticeable in high rainfall areas. The change can be > 6 µm/year in regions with recession = 20 µm/year 30% increase

12 Building resilience to climate change in terraced landscapes Pantelleria, Italy Peru

13 Example of satellite applications for cultural heritage Use of multitemporal satellite imagery to detect spatial and morphological changes linked to archaeological heritage. Credit : N. Masini, CNR-IBAM, Italy

14 Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr] Deformation phenomena affecting historical city center > 0.5 Example : Rome city center <- 0.5 Credit: R. Lanari, IREA-CNR, Italy Satellite radar investigation carried out by exploiting data acquired in the time interval

15 Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr] Deformation phenomena affecting monuments > 0.5 Colosseum of Rome no significant deformation <- 0.5 Credit: R. Lanari, IREA-CNR, Italy

16 Deformation phenomena affecting archaeological area [cm/year] Mean deformation velocity >1 Pompeii: the House of Vettii <-1 JPI Cultural Heritage Bruxelles, 24 April 2017

17 EUROPEAN / GLOBAL CHALLENGE Cultural heritage as a priority field : Treaty on European Union (Art.128) Cultural heritage as expression of European identity Protection of cultural heritage a measure of the enduring civilisation of Europe as well as sustained recognition of its worldwide leadership in this area Innovative methodologies to secure cultural heritage from natural and man-made threats such as historical city centers, villages (diffused cultural heritage), archaeological sites and landscape Open opportunities for collaboration with non-european partners, including southern Mediterranean countries and the emerging economies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)

18 ADDED-VALUE, BENEFITS AND IMPACT The community on cultural heritage is mature: a fully operational area can be reinforced within the Copernicus Programme Copernicus Programme can strongly contributes to European competitiveness: EU can export in the world added value. Cultural heritage is a non-renewable resource Urgency of Copernicus services: Cultural heritage protection is a highly complex task EU Tourism industry generates 4% of EU GDP and indirectly the 11% GDP.

19 NEEDS Novel adaptation strategies for the sustainability of cultural heritage. New measures for the assessment of resilience capacity of cultural heritage. New management systems for the accessibility to European citizens and world tourism. Evaluate the uncertainties produced by climatic driver threats for cultural heritage. Systems focused on security - human behaviour. Map earth observations experimental data and infrastructures.

20 Data base information on the risks from human threats (human pressure, tourism flux, urban planning) Emergency management: extremisms, wars, post conflict assessment, vandalism Cultural asset transportation: monitoring and safeguard (insurance impact) Advanced diagnostic tools for assessment and standardization of carrying capacity and resilience. QUESTIONS BEING ADDRESSED (1) Defining carrying capacity and resilience in the face of security

21 QUESTIONS BEING ADDRESSED (2) Developing climate risk monitoring to support societal development and protection of cultural heritage Intelligent multi-sensor systems for remote control of cultural heritage. Tools for managements of city centers, villages (diffused cultural heritage), archaeological sites and landscape threated by climate change. The development of models combining climate and security risks Behavioural change and sustainable development

22 G7 CULTURE INNOVATION (ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES) DIPLOMACY Copernicus and Cultural Heritage Workshop, Bruxelles, 24 April

23 New Cultural Heritage Copernicus Service JPI Cultural Heritage and Measure what is measurable, and make measurable Global Change: what is not a new challenge for Europe (Galileo)