HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY STUDENT BOOK

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1 HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY STUDENT BOOK 3rd Grad Unit 9

2 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 309 PACIFIC STATES Introduction 3 1. Pacific Gography...5 Stats in th Pacific Rgion 6 Gographical Faturs 8 Wathr 11 Slf Tst Pacific Rsourcs Natural Rsourcs 18 Human Rsourcs 20 Products and Industris 22 Slf Tst Pacific Community Cultur 30 Computrs 32 Rcration 36 Slf Tst 3 39 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1

3 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 Author: Rachll Wirsma, M.A. Managing Editor: Alan Christophrson, M.S. Editor: Laura Mssnr Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: lorcl, istock, Thinkstock; 5: rob chrry, istock, Thinkstock; 9: Austin Post, USGS; 10: Sam Camp, istock, Thinkstock; 11: Olg Fdorkin, Hmra, Thinkstock;12: Minzahn, istock, Thinkstock; Purstock, Thinkstock; 16: Mikhail Dudarv, Hmra, Thinkstock; 18: Evgny Karandav, istock, Thinkstock; yashabakr, istock,thinkstock; 19: Billy_Fam, istock, Thinkstock; 20: Hawaii Stat Archivs; 21: shibanuk, istock, Thinkstock; 22: John Silr, istock,thinkstock; 23: wbguzs, istock,thinkstock; Jacob Wackrhausn, istock,thinkstock; 24: U.S. Air Forc; 28: dlamofoto, istock,thinkstock; 30: Univrsity of Southrn California Libraris; 31: Pdro Guillrmo Angls Flors, istock,thinkstock; 33: alxandr kirch, istock,thinkstock; 36: fotowbbox, istock, Thinkstock; 37: Ann08, istock,thinkstock; Lilylian12, istock,thinkstock. All maps ar Imag Rsourcs unlss othrwis statd. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA MMXI by Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES PACIFIC STATES Washington, Orgon, California, Alaska, and Hawaii Th final rgion of th Unitd Stats you will study is th Pacific stats.

4 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES PACIFIC STATES Washington, Orgon, California, Alaska, and Hawaii Th final rgion of th Unitd Stats you will study is th Pacific stats. Ths fiv stats ar all locatd along th Pacific Ocan. Washington, Orgon, and California ar th wstrn bordr of th lowr 48 stats. Alaska lis to th north and Hawaii to th southwst. Ths stats hav abundant and varid natural rsourcs. As you study this LIFEPAC, you will larn mor about th gography, history, and popl of ths stats. Olympia CANADA WASHINGTON Salm NORTH DAKOTA ak Ri MONTANA Bismark r Lak Suprio IDAHO Dnvr r iv Lincoln iss io Nashvill Oklahoma City Rio Rd R ivr Arka nsas ARKANSAS Riv r NEW MEXICO Rivr Littl Rock TENNESSEE R d an Gr MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA Jackson r iv TEXAS Alabama R. Baton Roug Dovr Annapolis WASHINGTON D.C. Raligh R. NORTH CAROLINA Atlantic Ocan Columbia SOUTH CAROLINA Atlanta Montgomry ALABAMA Austin ss n n T pi OKLAHOMA Phonix DE VIRGINIA KENTUCKY Mis sis sip Pacific Ocan MISSOURI Santa F Hartford NJ Oh Jffrson City NW GEORGIA N W SW NE E S MAP LEGEND SE National Capital Stat Capital Stat Boundary Country Boundary Rivr Lak Mountain Rang Tallahass FLORIDA HAWAII ALASKA Honolulu Junau Boston MA RI Providnc CT Trnton INDIANA Columbus MD WEST pi Springfild Indianapolis Ri VIRGINIA v r Richmond Frankfort Charlston ip KANSAS ARIZONA Harrisburg ILLINOIS iss Topka C PENNSYLVANIA OHIO M COLORADO ri E k La Ds Moins r or d ra olo IOWA Albany NEW YORK Lansing v r NEBRASKA MICHIGAN Augusta NH Concord tario On Lak Ri iv r uri Riv UTAH tt R Misso Chynn NEVADA CALIFORNIA Madison Pla Montplir WISCONSIN St. Paul R. Grat Salt Lak Salt Lak City Carson City SOUTH DAKOTA Mic Lak hig an WYOMING Sacramnto VT Lak Huron ssa Pirr MAINE OTTAWA MINNESOTA Bois Co v r Hlna Sn OREGON Gulf of Mxico MEXICO Mils 400 KM 3

5 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Th objctivs tll you what you will b abl to do whn you hav succssfully compltd this LIFEPAC. Each sction will list according to th numbrs blow what objctivs will b mt in that sction. Whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC, you should b abl to: 1. Locat th Pacific stats. 2. Know th gography of th Pacific stats. 3. List natural rsourcs found in th Pacific stats. 4. Stat th typs of businsss and mployrs found in th Pacific rgion. 5. Know som of th sttlrs of th Pacific stats. 6. Rcogniz th importanc of th computr industry in th Pacific stats. 7. Idntify th pastims of th popl living in th Pacific stats. 4

Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES 1. PACIFIC GEOGRAPHY You will bgin this LIFEPAC by studying th gography of th Pacific stats. You will larn th nams of som of th Pacific stats land faturs.

6 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES 1. PACIFIC GEOGRAPHY You will bgin this LIFEPAC by studying th gography of th Pacific stats. You will larn th nams of som of th Pacific stats land faturs. You will also larn th nams of th Pacific stats major citis. Th location of ths stats impacts th typs of food popl grow, th placs thy liv, and th activitis thy do. Objctivs Rviw ths objctivs. Whn you hav compltd this sction, you should b abl to: 1. Locat th Pacific stats. 2. Know th gography of th Pacific stats. Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. aurora boralis ( -rôr, -rōr bôr ē-ăl ĭs, bōr -). Also known as th northrn lights; a colorful display of lights in th northrn sky. dormant (dôr m nt). Inactiv. lava (lä v, lăv ). Hot, volcanic rock that rachs th arth s surfac. magma (măg m ). Th matrial undr th arth s surfac which forms rock. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; /ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. Sction 1 5

7 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 Ask your tachr to say ths vocabulary words with you. Tachr chck: Initials Dat Stats in th Pacific Rgion Bfor you study th Pacific stats, look at th map blow. Th map will introduc you to th Pacific ara. 70 W Arctic Ocan 50 W CANADA 170 W 60 W ALASKA Dnali CANADA 130 W 45 W Olympia Pugt Sound WASHINGTON 160 W Gulf of Alaska 150 W 140 W Junau 125 W Salm OREGON Columbia Rivr Snak Rivr N NW NE W E SW SE S MAP LEGEND National Capital Stat Capital Stat Boundary Country Boundary Rivr Lak Mountain Rang Mils KM 35 W 40 W Sacramnto Sacramnto Rivr Carson City NEVADA Bois IDAHO Grat Salt Lak Salt L UTA Pacific Ocan 20 W 160 W Kauai O ahu Honolulu HAWAII Moloka i Maui 155 W Island of Hawai i 120 W Pacific Ocan CALIFORNIA 30 W 115 W MEXICO ARIZONA Phonix W Colo 6 Sction 1

8 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Answr th qustions basd on th map of th Pacific Rgion. 1.1 List th capitals of th Pacific stats: a. Washington b. Orgon c. California d. Alaska. Hawaii 1.2 What lin of longitud forms th bordr btwn Nvada and northast California? 1.3 In what stat is th Sacramnto Rivr locatd? 1.4 Pugt Sound is locatd in what stat? 1.5 What rivr forms th bordr btwn Orgon and Washington? 1.6 What stat is mad up of a sris of islands? 1.7 What country bordrs Alaska? 1.8 What ocan is north of Alaska? 1.9 In what ocan is th stat of Hawaii locatd? 1.10 What country is south of California? 1.11 In what stat is Dnali locatd? Sction 1 7

9 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 Gographical Faturs Th Pacific stats covr a wid ara of gography. Thy strtch from th Arctic Ocan in Alaska to th middl of th Pacific Ocan in Hawaii. On thing all of th stats shar in common is thir coastlin along th Pacific Ocan. Thy ar also all locatd in what is known as th Pacific Rim of Fir. This gographical ara is formd by a ring of hundrds of volcanos, both in th ocan and on land. Russia A S I A Mt. St. Hlns, Washington NORTH AMERICA China Mt. Fuji, Japan Mt. Pinatubo, Philippins Paricutin, Mxico ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN Th Pacific Rim of Fir has 452 volcanos! SOUTH AMERICA Nw Zaland About 90 prcnt of th worlds arthquaks occur along th Pacific Rim of Fir. Th Pacific Rim of Fir follows th coastlin of th Pacific Ocan. It travls along th coasts of Nw Zaland, China, Japan, North Amrica, and South Amrica. Th Hawaiian Islands ar gnrally considrd a part of this ara as wll. About 90 prcnt of th world s arthquaks ar locatd in this ara. Also, most of th world s activ volcanos ar locatd hr. 8 Sction 1

Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Volcanos occur whr thr is an opning in th arth s surfac. Whn a volcano rupts, magma from bnath th arth rachs th surfac. Onc magma has rachd th surfac, it s calld lava.

10 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Volcanos occur whr thr is an opning in th arth s surfac. Whn a volcano rupts, magma from bnath th arth rachs th surfac. Onc magma has rachd th surfac, it s calld lava. Lava is xtrmly hot and flows down th sids of a mountain. Whn xposd to coolr air, lava hardns. In 1980, Mt. St. Hlns in Washington ruptd. Ash from th mountain filld th air and th flowing lava dstroyd forsts and homs in its path. Mt. St. Hlns bcam 1,300 ft shortr aftr it ruptd. Hawaii is hom to many volcanos. Most ar dormant, maning thy havn t ruptd for thousands of yars. Mauna Loa is th world s most activ volcano. It rupts about vry four yars. Kilaua is anothr activ volcano in Hawaii. It is th asist to rach and has bn rupting continuously for ovr 20 yars. Alaska is anothr ara with many volcanos. Alaska alon has mor than 50 volcanos which hav ruptd sinc Dnali in Alaska is th highst mountain in North Amrica. It was not formd by a volcano but by strong prssurs that causd th land to ris, most likly during th Flood. Th Pacific stats ar also th location of most of th arthquaks in th Unitd Stats. An arthquak occurs whn matrial far blow th arth s surfac shifts. Thr ar crtain placs across th world known as fault lins. Thr is an 810 mil fault lin strtching th lngth of California. This is known as th San Andras Fault. Whn an arthquak Mt. St. Hlns rupting in Sction 1 9

PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 happns, th arth s nrgy is rlasd. Th ground bgins to shak and crack. Th Richtr scal is usd to masur th strngth of an arthquak. An arthquak blow th numbr thr is oftn not flt.

11 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 happns, th arth s nrgy is rlasd. Th ground bgins to shak and crack. Th Richtr scal is usd to masur th strngth of an arthquak. An arthquak blow th numbr thr is oftn not flt. Earthquaks abov a svn can caus grat damag. During an arthquak this strong, buildings may collaps and roads bcom damagd. Many communitis along th Pacific Rim of Fir try to mak sur th buildings in thir ara can withstand an arthquak. PACIFIC OCEAN San Francisco Los Angls OREGON CALIFORNIA San Andras Fault NEVADA ARIZONA San Andras Fault 10 Sction 1

Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Fill in th blank. 1.12 About 90 prcnt of th world s occur within th Pacific Rim of Fir. 1.13 Mt. St. Hlns and Mauna Loa ar th nams of. 1.14 Th scal masurs th strngth of an arthquak.

12 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Fill in th blank About 90 prcnt of th world s occur within th Pacific Rim of Fir Mt. St. Hlns and Mauna Loa ar th nams of Th scal masurs th strngth of an arthquak Th San Andras Fault is locatd in th stat of. Wathr Th Pacific Ocan influncs th wathr in th rgion. Orgon and Washington hav cold, wt wintrs bcaus of moistur coming from th Pacific Ocan. In th summr, th wathr is drir and mild. Northrn California has wathr similar to that of Orgon Dath Vally, California and Washington. Th wathr in southrn California is warmr yar round. Th hottst tmpratur vr rcordd in th Unitd Stats was 134 F on July 10, 1913, in Dath Vally, California. Sction 1 11

PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 As you can imagin, th wathr in Hawaii is vry diffrnt from th wathr in th othr stats in th rgion. Th stat of Hawaii is farthr south than any othr stat. Hawaii is warm yar round.

A Hawaiian bach You might b surprisd to larn that th wathr in southastrn Alaska is similar to that of Washington. Th Pacific Ocan maks th wathr mild.

13 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 As you can imagin, th wathr in Hawaii is vry diffrnt from th wathr in th othr stats in th rgion. Th stat of Hawaii is farthr south than any othr stat. Hawaii is warm yar round. Ocan brzs kp th island tmpraturs comfortabl. Tmpraturs avrag btwn 80 and 85 F throughout th yar. A Hawaiian bach You might b surprisd to larn that th wathr in southastrn Alaska is similar to that of Washington. Th Pacific Ocan maks th wathr mild. Howvr, most of Alaska is cool during th summr and cold yar round. Th coldst tmpratur in th Unitd Stats was rcordd on January 23, 1971, in Prospct Crk Camp, Alaska, at -80 F. Th aurora boralis is a uniqu wathr fatur that can b sn in Alaska and othr northrn stats. Anothr nam for aurora boralis is th northrn lights. Th northrn lights ar sn by popl living closr to th North Pol. Thr ar also th southrn lights clos to th Aurora boralis (northrn lights) South Pol. Th northrn lights occur bcaus of ractions btwn th sun s nrgy and th arth s atmosphr. Th northrn lights appar as glowing curtains abov th arth. Thy ar constantly moving rivrs of light. Gnrally th lights appar as grn or yllow. Rarly do th northrn lights appar rd. Th northrn lights ar bst sn in Alaska and northrn Canada. Thy can also b sn in th northrn Unitd Stats. Th aurora boralis ar not harmful. Howvr, thy can disrupt satllit communication as wll as radio and tlvision broadcasts. 12 Sction 1

14 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Answr tru or fals Th aurora boralis ar also calld th northrn lights Th hottst tmpratur rcordd in th Unitd Stats was in Hawaii Th wathr in southastrn Alaska is similar to that of Washington stat Th tmpraturs in Hawaii ar xtrmly hot in th day and vry cold at night. Tachr chck: Initials Dat For this Slf Tst, study what you hav rad and don. Th Slf Tst will chck what you rmmbr. Sction 1 13

15 PACIFIC STATES Unit 9 SELF TEST 1 Each answr = 1 point Choos th corrct answr Th capital of Washington is. a. Olympia b. Sacramnto c. Junau 1.02 About 90 prcnt of all occur in th Pacific Rim of Fir. a. volcanos b. floods c. arthquaks 1.03 Which of th following is NOT th nam of a volcano?. a. Mt. St. Hlns b. Mauna Loa c. Dnali 1.04 Th San Andras Fault is found in. a. Orgon b. California c. Hawaii 1.05 Alaska touchs both th Arctic and Ocans. a. Atlantic b. Pacific c. Indian Answr tru or fals Th stat of Hawaii is locatd in th Pacific Ocan Th aurora boralis can b sn bst in Alaska as wll as in th northrn Unitd Stats Th Richtr scal is usd to masur volcanos Th wathr in astrn Alaska and Hawaii is similar Mor than 50 volcanos rupt in Alaska ach yar. 14 Sction 1

16 Unit 9 PACIFIC STATES Fill in th blank Th stat dirctly north of California is Th coldst tmpratur rcordd in th Unitd Stats was at Prospct Crk, Th hottst tmpratur in th Unitd Stats was rcordd at Dath Vally, Whn a volcano rupts, hot flows down th sid of th volcano in Washington bcam 1,300 ft shortr aftr it ruptd. Tachr chck: Initials Scor Dat Sction 1 15

17 HIS0309 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA ISBN

, District of Columbia

, District of Columbia State Capitals These are the State Seals of each state. Fill in the blank with the name of each states capital city. (Hint: You may find it helpful to do the word search first to refresh your memory.),