SCIENCE Student Book. 3rd Grade Unit 8

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1 SCIENCE Studnt Book 3rd Grad Unit 8

2 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE SCIENCE 308 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Introduction 3 1. How Rocks Ar Formd...4 By Hat 6 By Prssur 15 Slf Tst How Rocks Ar Changd By Watr 28 By Wind 30 By Hat and Cold 31 By Plants 34 Slf Tst How Rocks Ar Usd For Buildings 45 For Enjoymnt 51 Slf Tst 3 56 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1

3 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 Author: Mrton B. Osborn, Ed.D. Editor-in-chif: Richard W. Whlr, M.A.Ed. Editor: Joyc Davis Consulting Editor: Harold Wngrt, Ed.D. Rvision Editor: Alan Christophrson, M.S. Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: Danish Khan, istock, Thinkstock; 4: IPGGutnbrgUKLtd, istock, Thinkstock; 7: Dorling Kindrsly, Thinkstock; 11: Dtamarack, istock, Thinkstock; 12: Andra Danti, Hmra, Thinkstock; 15: Mdioimags, Photodisc, Thinkstock; 17: Scott_Walton, istock, Thinkstock; 20: PhilipSmith1000, istock, Thinkstock; Givaga, istock, Thinkstock; 27: Mik Watson Imags, moodboard, Thinkstock; 29: tonda, istock, Thinkstock; 30, 32: moodboard, Thinkstock; 37: ManulGonzalzOlachaFranco, istock, Thinkstock; 39: StvCollndr, istock, Thinkstock; 40: rudi_suardi, istock, Thinkstock; 44: SLP_London, istock, Thinkstock; 45: sptmbrlgs, istock, Thinkstock; 46: TiSanti, istock, Thinkstock; 47: Katty_King, istock, Thinkstock; 48: MarclC, istock, Thinkstock; 49: walncinn, istock, Thinkstock; 50: Jorg Villalba, istock, Thinkstock; 52: Tatiana Gladskikh, istock, Thinkstock; 54: Jffry Hamilton, Digital Vision, Thinkstock. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA MCMXCVI by Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE God cratd th arth. H mad many diffrnt kinds of rocks. W can larn so much about rocks that som popl spnd most of thir livs studying about thm.

4 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE God cratd th arth. H mad many diffrnt kinds of rocks. W can larn so much about rocks that som popl spnd most of thir livs studying about thm. Ths popl ar calld gologists. A gologist is a prson who studis all about rocks. Gologists know how rocks ar formd and how thy chang. In this LIFEPAC, you will larn how rocks ar formd, how thy can chang, and how thy ar usd. Many popl who ar not gologists study rocks bcaus thy njoy thm. Thy ar calld rock hounds. Prhaps you will bcom a gologist or a rock hound som day. Whthr you gathr rocks or just rad about thm in books, this LIFEPAC will hlp you know mor about th arth God s grat cration. Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Th objctivs tll you what you will b abl to do whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC. 1. You will b abl to tll how rocks ar formd. 2. You will b abl to tll how rocks ar changd. 3. You will b abl to nam thr diffrnt kinds of rocks and giv xampls of ach kind. 4. You will b abl to tll how rocks ar usd. 5. You will b abl to tll what prcious stons ar. 3

ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 1. HOW ROCKS ARE FORMED Whn God mad th world, H causd much of it to b mad up of rock. Rocks form th cor of our mountains. Rocks li undr th ocan floor.

5 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 1. HOW ROCKS ARE FORMED Whn God mad th world, H causd much of it to b mad up of rock. Rocks form th cor of our mountains. Rocks li undr th ocan floor. Rock is undrnath all land. In this part of your LIFEPAC, you will tak a fild trip with Look-It- Up Club and larn what gologists know about th ways rocks ar formd. You will larn how hat and prssur hav hlpd to form th rocks that w s all around us. Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. basalt (b sôlt ). Hard rock lft by a volcano. bouldr (bōl d r). A larg, roundd rock. collg (kŏl ĭj). A school of highr larning. cor (kôr). Th hot cntr of th arth. crumbl (krŭm b l). Brak into vry small pics. crust (krŭst). A hard, outsid covring. crystal (krĭs t l). An vnly shapd clar minral. dissolv (dĭ zŏlv ). Brak up; chang into a liquid. rupt (ĭ rŭpt ). Burst forth; blow up. fldspar (fĕld spär ). A common minral on th arth s surfac. gologist (jē ŏl jist). A prson who studis rocks. gniss (nīs). Mtamorphic rock. granit (grăn ĭt). Hard, ignous rock. 4 Sction 1

6 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE ignous (ĭg nē s). Formd by grat hat and prssur. lava (lä v ). Mltd rock flowing from a volcano. limston (līm stōn). A sdimntary rock. liquid (lĭk wĭd). Somthing not a solid or a gas, but lik watr; it flows. magma (măg m ). Hot, liquid rock undr th arth. mantl (măn t l). Th part of arth just bnath th crust. mtamorphic (mĕt môr fĭk). Having to do with chang of form. minral (mĭn r l). A thing that is not a plant or an animal. prssur (prĕsh r). To prss with a lot of wight and forc. quartz (kwôrts). A glassy minral. sdimntary (sĕd mĕn t r ē). Rock formd from things that hav sttld to th bottom of th sa ovr a long tim. volcano (vŏl kā nō). An opning in th arth through which stam and lava pour. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; /ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. Spcial Words Hawaii Mauna Loa Ask your tachr to say ths words with you. Tachr chck: Initials Dat Sction 1 5

7 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 By Hat Rick s fathr calld th Look-It-Up Club to ordr. Th club had six mmbrs: tn-yar-old Rick, his youngr sistr Mary, thir two cousins Jack and Dbbi, and Fathr and Mothr who actd as tachrs. I hav a surpris for our club tonight, Fathr said. What is it? Evryon wantd to know. Tomorrow is Saturday, and I do not hav to tach at th collg. So, w ar going on a fild trip. Grat! shoutd Rick. Sounds lik grat fun! Dbbi xclaimd. Whr ar w going? Jack askd. To th mountains, Fathr rplid. I askd my frind, Mr. Scott, if w could visit his farm to look for rocks. Th othrs grw xcitd. Mothr offrd to pack a lunch, and Mary said sh would hlp. Saturday was warm and sunny. Th six club mmbrs rachd Mr. Scott s farm aftr a long half-hour hik up th sid of Mount Tusk. Whil th othrs wr catching thir brath, Rick pickd up a chunk of grayish rock. 6 Sction 1

8 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE What did you find, Rick? Jack askd. Som gold? No, Rick smild. I m afraid not. I don t know what it is xactly. Fathr cam ovr and took a look. You v found a pic of granit rock, h said. Granit is a vry, vry hard rock. It s what w call an ignous rock. What dos ignous man? thy all hollrd at onc. Fathr sat down on a bouldr. Lt m xplain, h said. You alrady know that som rocks ar vry, vry small. Whn you pick up a handful of sand at th sashor, you ar looking at tiny grains of rock. Som rocks ar vry, vry larg such as this bouldr I m sitting on. This mountain w climbd this morning is rally a hug rock. Only th top of it is abov th ground. Th rst is far blow. In dp placs of th arth, Fathr continud, thr is a vry thick, hot liquid. This hot liquid is calld magma. Magma is mltd rock. This magma movs around undr th top layr, or crust, of th arth. If thr ar cracks in th crust, th magma fills thm up. Rock that is formd in this way is calld ignous rock. Sction 1 7

9 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 Writ th answr in th blank with a word from th list. God granit crust magma hard rocks lunch hik ignous gologists hounds soft 1.1 Scintists who study about rocks ar calld. 1.2 Whn magma cools in cracks of th arth s crust, it maks rock. 1.3 Popl who collct rocks for fun ar calld rock. 1.4 Ignous rocks ar. 1.5 Th Look-it-Up Club wnt on a a. to find b cratd rocks. 1.7 Granit rocks ar. 1.8 Sand at th sashor is rally vry tiny grains of. 1.9 A thick, hot liquid found far blow th arth is calld Magma movs around undr th of th arth. 8 Sction 1

Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Is our whol arth a ball of rock? Jack wantd to know. In a way, ys, Fathr rplid. But that is a long story. Lt s at lunch whil I tll it to you, Fathr said with a smil.

10 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Is our whol arth a ball of rock? Jack wantd to know. In a way, ys, Fathr rplid. But that is a long story. Lt s at lunch whil I tll it to you, Fathr said with a smil. Evryon was agr for that. Mothr was alrady unpacking th lunch. Sh and Mary wr placing it on th ground on top of a rd and whit tablcloth. Th childrn wr hungry from thir long hik up th mountainsid. Thy didn t nd a scond invitation to gathr around th tabl. Fathr thankd God for th food that H had providd, and th happy club mmbrs all said a loud Amn. In a way, it is tru that th arth is a hug ball of rock, Fathr bgan in btwn bits of chickn sandwich. I suppos you hav all wondrd what you would find if you could dig far down to th cntr of th arth. No on has vr bn abl to do this. Scintists bliv that th vry cntr of th arth is mad up of a vry, vry hot cor. This cor is largr than th moon and has a liquid layr around a solid rock layr. Around that is anothr layr calld th mantl. Th mantl is not quit so hot and is mad of rock. Th top layr of th arth is calld th crust and is only about twnty mils (32 kilomtrs) dp at its thickst part. Th crust is mad of soil and rocks. Th soil on th top of th arth is mostly brokndown rock mixd with dad plants and animals. Th layrs of th arth Sction 1 9

11 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 Put on of ths words on a lin to labl th parts of th arth. mantl cor crust a a. b. c. b. c. Writ ths words from th list to complt th sntncs. (On word is usd mor than onc.) animals middl rock cntr top layr soil plants liquid rock 1.12 Th cor is at th a. of th arth and has a b. layr and a solid c. layr Th mantl is in th a. of th arth and is mostly b Th crust is th a. of th arth and is mad of b. and c Th soil on th crust of th arth is mad of brokn-down a. and dad b. and c.. 10 Sction 1

Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Th rock that Rick found lying on th ground was onc hot magma, Fathr said. This magma was moving around undr th crust of arth.

12 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Th rock that Rick found lying on th ground was onc hot magma, Fathr said. This magma was moving around undr th crust of arth. Whn thr was a crack in th crust, th magma movd in to fill it. Thn, th magma bgan to cool and hardn. As it coold, th rocks around it and abov it wr pushing against it. It was bing squzd tightr and tightr togthr. Aftr many yars, th hot magma bcam coolr and coolr. Th prssur of th rocks mad it hardr and hardr. Th hot magma had bcom granit rock. Rocks mad from magma ar calld ignous rocks. Dos magma always cool undr th ground? Jack wantd to know. No, Fathr answrd. Somtims whn th magma is mixd with gas and is undr a lot of prssur, it coms up fast and bursts out of th arth. Whn it rachs th arth s surfac, th magma flows ovr th ground and is calld lava. It cools and bcoms rock fastr than whn it is undr th surfac. Lava flow from Mauna Loa on th Big Island of Hawaii Oh, w v sn lava havn t w, Dbbi? Jack xclaimd. Rmmbr whn Mom and Dad took us to Hawaii? W wnt to s th volcano calld Mauna Loa on th Big Island. Ys, Dbbi rplid, I rmmbr. Th whol island was covrd with lava rock. Dad told us that rd hot lava had shot out of th volcano and had flowd down th mountain toward th ocan. Yars ago whn I was in th army, som of us wnt to s a volcano whil it was rupting, Fathr said. Th magma from undr th arth s crust shot out th top of th mountain and bgan flowing toward a littl villag nar th coast. Popl wr running vrywhr. Magma that rachs th surfac of th arth is calld lava. Lava on th surfac hardns Sction 1 11

ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 mor quickly than th magma undrground. It taks a long, long tim for magma to hardn undrground into granit, but lava hardns in a fw yars somtims into a rock calld basalt.

13 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 mor quickly than th magma undrground. It taks a long, long tim for magma to hardn undrground into granit, but lava hardns in a fw yars somtims into a rock calld basalt. I will show you a pic of basalt I brought back from that villag. You will s many spacs and hols th bubbls of gas mad as th magma coold. Thy still show. Did th lava rach th villag? Dbbi askd. No, not that tim, Fathr said. But yars latr, that volcano ruptd again and killd vry living thing around. Most of th popl wr abl to gt away bfor th flow rachd thm, though. Thy had to rally mov fast. It would b fun to watch a volcano rupt, said Mary. Ys, if you could stay away from th lava flow, thy all addd. W hav talkd nough for now, Fathr said. Lt s look for mor rocks bfor w start for hom. ERUPTION LAVA FLOW CRUST MAGMA MANTLE Whn a volcano rupts, hot magma from undr th arth s crust shoots out of th mountain and flows down th sid as lava. 12 Sction 1

14 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Writ th corrct word from th list on th lin. basalt liquid prssur lava blow magma hat volcano 1.16 Whn lava flows from a volcano, it is a vry hot Mauna Loa is a on th Big Island of Hawaii Th hot liquid that forms both granit and lava is calld Th magma that flows from volcanos to th surfac of th arth somtims forms a rock calld Erupt mans to up Magma that flows from a volcano is calld What two forcs hlp form granit? a. b. Writ tru or fals Hat and prssur hlp form granit Th cntr of th arth is vry hot Th cntr of th arth is calld th crust Soil is mostly rock and watr Granit coms from hot magma which has coold It taks only a fw yars for magma to cool Th cor of th arth is largr than th moon Granit is calld ignous rock. Sction 1 13

15 Unit 8 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE SELF TEST 1 Each answr = 1 point Fill in th circl bfor th right answr Granit rocks ar. hard soft 1.02 Rocks wr cratd by. God man 1.03 Bfor going somwhr to hunt rocks, a prson ask th ownr of th land if it is all right. should not should 1.04 A larg ston is calld a. crystal bouldr 1.05 Sand is rally a vry tiny grain of. rock magma 1.06 Scintists who study rocks ar calld. rock hounds gologists 1.07 Th top layr of th arth is somtims calld th. cor crust 1.08 Rocks that ar formd undr th surfac of th arth by hat and prssur ar. ignous rocks crystal rocks 1.09 Most rocks ar mad up of tiny crystals calld. mantls minrals Mauna Loa is a(n) in Hawaii. island volcano Sction 1 25

16 ROCKS AND THEIR CHANGE Unit 8 Draw a lin from th bginning of th sntnc to th nd A rock hound Mtamorphic Prssur Granit Basalt mans changd. hlps form rock. is a hard rock formd from magma. is a rock formd from a volcano. studis rocks for fun. Writ ys on th lin if th sntnc is corrct. Writ no on th lin if th sntnc is not corrct Hat hlps form rocks Th cntr of th arth is calld a cub All crystals hav ight squar sids Granit and basalt ar ignous rocks Th cor of th arth is largr than th moon Limston is a mtamorphic rock Coal is a sdimntary rock. Writ two xampls of th thr kinds of rocks formd by hat and prssur. Choos th xampls from th box. granit coal lava basalt limston gniss sandston Ignous Sdimntary Mtamorphic Tachr chck: Initials Scor Dat Sction 1

17 SCI_Gr3-5 SCI0308 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA ISBN

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