SCIENCE Student Book. 5th Grade Unit 5

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1 SCIENCE Studnt Book 5th Grad Unit 5

2 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY SCIENCE 505 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Introduction 3 1. Enrgy and Work...4 Enrgy 6 Work 13 Slf Tst Work from Enrgy Hat Enrgy 21 Chmical Enrgy 32 Slf Tst Enrgy in th Futur Prsnt Concrns 41 Futur Sourcs of Enrgy 46 Slf Tst 3 56 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1

3 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Author: Barry G. Burrus, M.Div, M.A., B.S. Editor: Brian Ring Illustrations: Brian Ring Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: Srgy Nivns, istock, Thinkstock; 4: witoldkr1, istock, Thinkstock; 8: Dmitry Kalinovsky, istock, Thinkstock; KatPhoto, istock, Thinkstock; Danil Hurst, istock, Thinkstock; 13: Ingram Publishing, Thinkstock; 20: hxdyl, istock, Thinkstock; 21: Victor Borisov, Stockbyt, Thinkstock; 24: dasugn, istock, Thinkstock; 27: Andri Krauchuk, istock, Thinkstock; danilo sanino, istock, Thinkstock; 30: Ptr Hrms Furian, istock, Thinkstock; 33: mathsangkaw, istock,thinkstock; 39: 123ArtistImags, istock, Thinkstock; 41: Zlfit, istock, Thinkstock; 42: Tylr Olivr, istock, Thinkstock; 44: sv-tim, istock, Thinkstock; 46: hansnn, istock, Thinkstock; 54: aurin, istock, Thinkstock, 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA MM by Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY God dsignd all living things so that thy nd nrgy to surviv, grow, and prform th activitis of lif.

4 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY God dsignd all living things so that thy nd nrgy to surviv, grow, and prform th activitis of lif. You larnd in prvious LIFEPACs that th sun provids nrgy for grn plants. Th grn plants us th sun s nrgy for photosynthsis. During photosynthsis, th grn plants produc oxygn and food. This food is usd by plants, animals, and othr living things to produc th nrgy that thy nd to surviv. But, what is nrgy? In this LIFEPAC, you will larn mor about nrgy and how nrgy is transformd into svral diffrnt forms. W call this th transformation of nrgy. You will also larn how nrgy is usd to do work. You will larn about som of th sourcs of nrgy that God has providd for th arth. You will xamin som of th concrns that w hav about prsnt sourcs of nrgy. Finally, you will considr how othr nrgy sourcs may b usd in th futur. Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Ths objctivs tll what you should b abl to do whn you hav compltd this LIFEPAC. Each sction will list according to th numbrs blow what objctivs will b mt in that sction. Whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib nrgy. 2. Idntify forms of nrgy. 3. Dscrib work. 4. Explain th rlationship btwn work and nrgy. 5. Idntify nrgy concrns of today that may b problms of th futur. 6. Dscrib svral possibl nrgy sourcs of th futur. 3

TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 1. ENERGY AND WORK Enrgy is on of th most basic parts of God s cration. Whnvr anything movs or grows, nrgy is usd. W us nrgy to do work.

5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 1. ENERGY AND WORK Enrgy is on of th most basic parts of God s cration. Whnvr anything movs or grows, nrgy is usd. W us nrgy to do work. Enrgy lights our homs and citis at night. Our cars, buss, trains, and airplans all us nrgy. In our modrn world, w hav larnd to us and control nrgy to bring about grat changs in th way w liv. Enrgy is vry important to human bings and to all living things. Enrgy is vry closly rlatd to work. As statd abov, w us nrgy to do work. Whnvr anything movs du to a forc applid to it, nrgy is bing usd. In this sction of th LIFEPAC, you will larn mor about nrgy and th various forms of nrgy. You will also larn mor about th trm work and how nrgy is rlatd to work. Objctivs Rviw ths objctivs. Whn you hav compltd this sction, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib nrgy. 2. Idntify forms of nrgy. 3. Dscrib work. 4 Sction 1

6 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. xplosion (k splō zh n). A blowing up with a loud nois. ful (fyü l). Somthing that can b burnd to gt fir and nrgy. kintic (kin t ik). Of or rlating to th motion of objcts. mattr (mat r). Th matrial that maks up things. mchanical (m kan k ). Of machins. A form of nrgy that is of motion or movmnt. nuclar (nü klē r). Having to do with th cntr of atoms. particls (pär t k lz). Tiny parts of a matrial or substanc. potntial (p tn sh l). Somthing possibl. Th ability to go into action or to produc movmnt. radiats (rā dē ātz). Givs out rays. solar (sō l r). Having to do with th sun. transformation (tran sf r mā sh n). Chang in form or condition. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; /ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. Sction 1 5

TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Enrgy Enrgy maks things happn. If you look around you right now, you can probably s nrgy bing usd. If it is daytim, th sun is giving off hat nrgy and light nrgy.

Enrgy and work ar vry closly rlatd. Whn nrgy is usd, work is don. For xampl, whn you run or play, your body uss nrgy to hlp you mov. Whn nrgy is stord, work can b don.

7 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Enrgy Enrgy maks things happn. If you look around you right now, you can probably s nrgy bing usd. If it is daytim, th sun is giving off hat nrgy and light nrgy. If it is night, th light bulbs ar using lctrical nrgy to giv off light nrgy. Dfinition. Enrgy is commonly dfind as th ability to do work. Notic carfully this dfinition. Enrgy and work ar vry closly rlatd. Whn nrgy is usd, work is don. For xampl, whn you run or play, your body uss nrgy to hlp you mov. Whn nrgy is stord, work can b don. For xampl, whn you ar at rst, th nrgy stord in your body s fat and muscl tissus will allow you to start running whn you ar rady. So, th ability to do work, ithr actually bing don or rady to b don, is calld nrgy. Typs of nrgy. This lads us to th two basic typs of nrgy. Enrgy that is stord is calld potntial nrgy. In this cas, no work is bing don. Howvr, th nrgy is rady and availabl to do work. Thrfor, it is calld potntial nrgy. Th othr basic typ of nrgy occurs whn a body or matrial thing is moving or in motion. Enrgy that is moving is calld kintic nrgy. Any mattr that is moving has kintic nrgy. Lt s considr an xampl. Do you hav a pncil (or pn) on your dsk or tabl? If it is at rst, it has potntial nrgy. If you shov th pncil ovr th sid of your dsk or tabl, it will fall to th floor. Whn this happns, th pncil is moving as it falls to th floor. As it is falling it has kintic nrgy. Now considr what happns as you pick th pncil off th floor and put it back on your dsk. You us your own nrgy to lift and mov th pncil. Moving th pncil to a highr position from th floor adds nrgy to th pncil. If you plac th pncil on th tabl, it again has potntial nrgy. Placing th pncil at a highr position, such as a door fram, adds potntial nrgy to th pncil. If it falls to th floor again, it would hav a gratr distanc to fall, crating mor nrgy. If th pncil drops from th door fram, th kintic nrgy cratd would b gratr than th kintic nrgy cratd whn it fll from th tabl. Th pncil at rst has potntial nrgy. Th falling pncil has kintic nrgy. 6 Sction 1

1.1 Whnvr anything movs or grows, is usd. 1.2 Enrgy is th a. to do b.. 1.3 Enrgy that is stord is calld nrgy. 1.4 Enrgy that is moving is calld nrgy.

8 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Rmmbr: rsting at gratr hight = mor potntial nrgy rsting at lss hight = lss potntial nrgy falling from gratr hight = mor kintic nrgy falling from lssr hight = lss kintic nrgy Writ th corrct words in th blank spacs. 1.1 Whnvr anything movs or grows, is usd. 1.2 Enrgy is th a. to do b Enrgy that is stord is calld nrgy. 1.4 Enrgy that is moving is calld nrgy. Labl ths picturs. Us th words potntial nrgy and kintic nrgy to labl th picturs Sction 1 7

TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Enrgy from th sun is stord in food. Animals bnfit from this stord nrgy. Th stord nrgy in food also givs us nrgy. Sourcs of nrgy.

Th sun s nrgy coms to us in th forms of hat nrgy and light nrgy. Only a small portion of th sun s nrgy falls on th arth.

It dos this bcaus th sun s nrgy can b stord in mattr. This nrgy in mattr can b usd as othr sourcs of nrgy for us.

9 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Enrgy from th sun is stord in food. Animals bnfit from this stord nrgy. Th stord nrgy in food also givs us nrgy. Sourcs of nrgy. God has providd us with many sourcs of nrgy. Our main sourc of nrgy is th sun. Each day, a grat amount of nrgy is rlasd from th sun. Th sun s nrgy coms to us in th forms of hat nrgy and light nrgy. Only a small portion of th sun s nrgy falls on th arth. Howvr, this small amount of th sun s nrgy is mor than nough to support lif on our plant. Enrgy from th sun provids for most of th othr nrgy sourcs that w hav on arth. It dos this bcaus th sun s nrgy can b stord in mattr. This nrgy in mattr can b usd as othr sourcs of nrgy for us. For xampl, you hav alrady larnd that part of th sun s nrgy is stord in grn plants as food. This food can b usd as an nrgy sourc for othr living things. Th food is atn and th clls of living things burn it for nrgy. Th clls in your body burn food and provid th nrgy you nd to mov, grow, and do all of your activitis. 8 Sction 1

Ovr tim, this dad mattr can b turnd into othr substancs lik coal, oil, and natural gas. Ths matrials contain grat amounts of stord nrgy. W call ths matrials fossil fuls.

10 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY On of th first sourcs of nrgy that human bings usd was wood from trs. Th wood can b burnd in fir. Whn wood burns, th nrgy stord in th wood is givn off as hat nrgy and light nrgy. Whn living things di, thr is still nrgy stord in th mattr of th dad bodis. Ovr tim, this dad mattr can b turnd into othr substancs lik coal, oil, and natural gas. Ths matrials contain grat amounts of stord nrgy. W call ths matrials fossil fuls. Ths matrials can b burnd and giv off hat and light nrgy. Thus, coal, oil, and natural gas ar important sourcs of nrgy for human bings today. As you larnd in a prvious LIFEPAC, th sun causs watr in th ocans and laks to vaporat. This watr vapor vntually forms rain upon th arth, producing rivrs and strams. Evntually, human bings larnd to us th nrgy of th flowing rivrs and strams to turn watrwhls. Watrwhls, in turn, providd nrgy to turn larg millstons to crush what and othr grains for food. Thus, watr bcam an important sourc of nrgy for popl. Flowing watr is still usd today in many dams to produc lctrical nrgy to supply our nrgy nds. natural gas Th wind was also usd by human bings many yars ago to turn windmills and mov sailing ships. Th sun s nrgy, combind with tmpratur diffrncs on th arth and in th atmosphr, hlps th wind to mov. This nrgy in th wind is also a sourc of nrgy that can still b usd today. w ood coal oi l Wood, coal, oil, and natural gas ar sourcs of nrgy. Sction 1 9

11 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 God has providd many othr sourcs of nrgy. For xampl, nuclar nrgy, chmical nrgy, and solar nrgy ar also sourcs of nrgy bing usd today. You will larn mor about som of ths sourcs of nrgy latr in this LIFEPAC. Complt this activity. 1.7 Do a word sarch for sourcs of nrgy in th puzzl blow. Thr ar lvn sourcs of nrgy that hav bn mntiond so far in this LIFEPAC. All lvn words ar in th puzzl. Th words ar ithr listd across or down. Non of th words ar listd backwards or diagonally. Whn you find th words, circl thm and writ thm in th spacs blow. Word Sarch C N O P W O O D C L A E D I X I F H M Z C N N P L Q E R F O O D S W L M B W A T C G A S I S O L A R Z T N C U F M A L M E P A N U C L E A R A L Across Down a. g. b. h. c. i. d. j.. k. f. 10 Sction 1

12 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Forms of nrgy. Enrgy can tak many forms. It is constantly changing from on form to anothr. W call this changing from on form of nrgy to anothr th transformation of nrgy. Whn nrgy is transformd from on form to anothr, no nrgy is lost. Th total sum of nrgy always rmains th sam. You larnd that nrgy coms to us from th sun in two forms: light nrgy and hat nrgy. Ths ar two of th forms of nrgy. Whn nrgy from th sun is stord in mattr such as wood, coal, oil, and gas, th nrgy bcoms chmical nrgy. Chmical nrgy is anothr form of nrgy. Whn mattr is burnd, th chmical nrgy in th mattr is changd into hat nrgy. Thr is a transformation of nrgy from chmical nrgy to hat nrgy. Hat nrgy, in turn, can caus othr mattr to gt warmr. Hat nrgy warms things by causing th smallst particls in mattr to mov fastr. Hat nrgy can also b gnratd by anothr form of nrgy mchanical nrgy. Mchanical nrgy is th nrgy of moving things. It is on form of kintic nrgy. Mchanical nrgy can b transformd into hat nrgy. You can obsrv this happning. Rub your hands togthr. Do thy fl warmr whn you rub thm? Th rubbing of your hands togthr is mchanical action. It is mchanical nrgy. Hat is gnratd on th surfac of your hands by th rubbing action. Th hat is from th hat nrgy producd by th mchanical action. This is anothr xampl of th transformation of nrgy. In Rsults of mchanical nrgy this cas, som of th mchanical nrgy is transformd into hat nrgy. That is why your hands fl warmr whn you rub thm togthr. Mchanical nrgy can produc othr rsults bsids hat. For xampl, if you droppd an gg on th floor, th shll might brak. Th mchanical nrgy of th falling gg would b nough to brak opn th ggshll. Anothr xampl of mchanical nrgy is rprsntd by a basball moving through th air. If th basball hit a window, th mchanical nrgy in th basball could caus th window to brak. Of cours, mchanical nrgy is not always a problm. Mchanical nrgy can b usful, too. For xampl, a nail can b drivn into wood as a rsult of th mchanical nrgy containd in a moving hammr had. Thrfor, mchanical nrgy was probably usd to build your hom. Hat nrgy can b changd into light nrgy as it radiats off mattr that is hot. For xampl, a pic of mtal that is hatd to a high tmpratur will glow as it givs off light nrgy. In th sam way, th hat from th high tmpraturs on th sun givs off light nrgy. Solar nrgy is a common trm for th light nrgy rcivd from th sun. Sction 1 11

13 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Whnvr you turn on a light, us a flashlight, or har a radio, you ar using lctrical nrgy. Elctrical nrgy is on of th most important forms of nrgy in our modrn world. Th sourc of th lctrical nrgy might b a battry, or it might com into your hom through powr lins from an lctrical powr company. Lightning in th sky is anothr typ of lctrical nrgy. Anothr form of nrgy is sound. Th sound of an xplosion can shak a hous or brak its windows. Som dntists us drills that us high-pitchd sound to drill tth. Such us of sound nrgy is on of th mor rcnt dvlopmnts in our us of nrgy. Match ths nrgy forms. 1.8 solar nrgy 1.9 a falling appl 1.10 burning causs it 1.11 battris ar sourcs 1.12 an xplosion may rock a hous a. chmical nrgy b. hat nrgy c. mchanical nrgy d. light nrgy. lctrical nrgy f. sound nrgy 1.13 nrgy of movmnt 1.14 burning changs this form to hat 1.15 oil stors it 12 Sction 1

14 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY SELF TEST 1 Answr tru or fals (ach answr, 2 points) Th sun is th main sourc of nrgy on arth Enrgy is nvr lost Play cannot b work Whnvr anything movs or grows, nrgy is usd Enrgy is vry closly rlatd to work A pncil at rst on a tabl has potntial nrgy Any mattr that is moving has kintic nrgy Food is usd as an nrgy sourc for living things Wood is on of th nwst sourcs of nrgy that popl hav usd Wind and watr cannot provid nrgy Enrgy cannot chang from on form to anothr Mchanical nrgy is th nrgy of moving things Chmical nrgy is stord in coal, oil, and natural gas An xplosion is an xampl of sound nrgy Work has th sam maning in all common uss of th word. Sction 1 17

15 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Unit 5 Match ths itms (ach answr, 3 points) nrgy work fossil fuls hat nrgy lctrical nrgy chmical nrgy a. coal, gas, and oil b. causs particls in mattr to mov fastr c. stord nrgy in mattr d. ability to do work. forc tims distanc f. supplid by a battry g. nrgy of moving things h. xplosion is a form Writ th lttr of th corrct answr in th blank (ach answr, 3 points) Th mchanical action of rubbing causs nrgy. a. chmical b. hat c. potntial Whn a 5 pound wight is liftd 10 ft, of work is don. a. 15 foot-pounds b. 50 foot-pounds c. 50 nwton-mtrs Wood burning givs off nrgy. a. hat b. mchanical c. potntial A falling pncil has nrgy. a. lctrical b. chmical c. kintic Enrgy changing into diffrnt forms is calld of nrgy. a. multiplication b. rduction c. transformation Jsus dscribd work in John, chaptr 6 as. a. hard b. forc moving an objct c. having faith in Him Complt ths sntncs (ach answr, 4 points) Whn nrgy is usd, is don Enrgy that is stord is calld nrgy Enrgy that is moving is calld nrgy has providd us with many sourcs of nrgy A common trm for th light nrgy rcivd from th sun is nrgy Th nrgy stord in oil is calld nrgy. 18 Sction 1

16 Unit 5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY Dfin and xplain ths words (ach answr, 5 points) nrgy: work: Tachr chck: Initials Scor Dat Sction 1 19

17 SCI_Gr3-5 SCI0505 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA ISBN

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